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  • 1.
    Abbasi, Abdul G
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Rydberg, Anna
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Altmann, Peter
    Digg Agency for Digital Government, Sweden.
    Towards a verifiable and secure data sharing platform for livestock supply chain2022In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, International Conference on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, International Conference on Cloud and Big Data Computing, International Conference on Cyber Science and Technology Congress, DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/CyberSciTech 2022, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The digitization of a supply chain involves satisfying several functional and non-functional context specific requirements. The work presented herein builds on efforts to elicit trust and profit requirements from actors in the Swedish livestock supply chain, specifically the beef supply chain. Interviewees identified several benefits related to data sharing and traceability but also emphasized that these benefits could only be realized if concerns around data security and data privacy were adequately addressed. We developed a data sharing platform as a response to these requirements. Requirements around verifiability, traceability, secure data sharing of potentially large data objects, fine grained access control, and the ability to link together data objects was realized using distributed ledger technology and a distributed file system. This paper presents this data sharing platform together with an evaluation of its usefulness in the context of beef supply chain traceability. 

  • 2.
    Abitbol, Tiffany
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Mijlkovic, Ana
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Malafronte, Loredana
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Stevanic Srndovic, Jasna
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Larsson, Per Tomas
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Lopez-Sanchez, Patricia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Cellulose nanocrystal/low methoxyl pectin gels produced by internal ionotropic gelation.2021In: Carbohydrate Polymers, ISSN 0144-8617, E-ISSN 1879-1344, Vol. 260, article id 117345Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The biotechnological applications of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) continue to grow due to their sustainable nature, impressive mechanical, rheological, and emulsifying properties, upscaled production capacity, and compatibility with other materials, such as protein and polysaccharides. In this study, hydrogels from CNCs and pectin, a plant cell wall polysaccharide broadly used in food and pharma, were produced by calcium ion-mediated internal ionotropic gelation (IG). In the absence of pectin, a minimum of 4 wt% CNC was needed to produce self-supporting gels by internal IG, whereas the addition of pectin at 0.5 wt% enabled hydrogel formation at CNC contents as low as 0.5 wt%. Experimental data indicate that CNCs and pectin interact to give robust and self-supporting hydrogels at solid contents below 2.5 %. Potential applications of these gels could be as carriers for controlled release, scaffolds for cell growth, or wherever else distinct and porous network morphologies are required.

  • 3.
    Ahlgren, Serina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Behaderovic, Danira
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Edman, Frida
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Wallman, Magdalena
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Berglund, Maria
    Hushållningssällskapet Halland, Sweden.
    Laurentz, Martin
    Lantmännen, Sweden.
    Abrahamsson, Susanne
    Agronod, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Anton
    Agronod, Sweden.
    Description of the Agrosfär model – a tool for climate impact assessment of crop and animal production systems in Sweden: Version 1: Crops, milk and beef2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The agricultural sector in Sweden needs to cut GHG emissions and contribute to the climate goal of net-zero emissions by 2045. The GHG reduction goal for agricultural emissions is not quantified, but the Swedish climate policy framework states that ‘the Swedish food production shall increase as much as possible with as little climate impact as possible’ and multiple key actors within the sector of food and agriculture have developed roadmaps or industry specific goals for reducing GHG emissions from the sector. Consequently, requirements of transparent GHG accounting and reporting are increasing within the agricultural sector, both at national and international level. The purpose of the Agrosfär tool is to establish an automatic data driven climate calculator used to calculate GHG emissions from agricultural products and on farm enterprise level. The automation and automatic data collection will save time, increase accuracy of the calculations, and simplify updates of the tool to keep it aligned with the most recent climate data and climate reporting methodology. It will make it possible to continuously carry out follow-ups on climate performance indicators and measure improvements from climate measures taken. A working group consisting of Swedish agricultural life cycle assessment experts have developed the framework of the tool, e.g. setting system boundaries, selecting methodologies and input data. A technical team has developed algorithms, a digital interface and coupled the tool to other existing agricultural databases providing farm specific information on crop and animal production data, soil characteristics, carbon footprints and amounts of purchased inputs etc. The tool and user interface have been developed based on input from farmers through prototyping and in-depth interviews. For general guidelines on methodology the calculation model follows the Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR), the International Dairy Federation (IDF)’s approach for carbon footprint for the dairy sector and FAO Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance guidelines (FAO LEAP). Where standards have diverged or where assumptions have been required the working group has made expert judgements on which method/guideline to follow or what assumptions to make. A first version of the tool, a so called minimal viable product (MVP) has been developed which will be the basis for further development. The MVP contains an animal and crop module and can calculate the carbon footprint of crops, milk and beef. Future development possibilities of the tool and calculation model is described in chapter 7, such as enabling climate calculations on enterprise level, develop modules for more animal production types, deepen the integration between the crop and animal modules, expand sources for automatic data collection, develop a carbon sequestration module and other technical and methodological improvements to ensure alignment with important climate reporting standards. The report will be repeatedly updated as the tool develops, and new versions of the tool are released.

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  • 4.
    Ahlgren, Serina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Behaderovic, Danira
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Edman, Frida
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Wallman, Magdalena
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Laurentz, Martin
    Lantmännen, Sweden.
    Henryson, Kajsa
    Lantmännen, Sweden.
    Berglund, Maria
    Hushållningssällskapet Halland, Sweden.
    Söderberg, Vera
    Agronod, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Anton
    Agronod, Sweden.
    Abrahamsson, Susanna
    Agronod, Sweden.
    Description of the Agrosfär model – a tool for the climate impact assessment of farms, crop and animal production systems in Sweden2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The agricultural sector in Sweden needs to cut GHG emissions and contribute to the climate goal of net-zero emissions by 2045. The GHG reduction goal for agricultural emissions is not quantified, but the Swedish climate policy framework states that ‘Swedish food production shall increase as much as possible with as little climate impact as possible’. Multiple key actors within the sector of food and agriculture have developed roadmaps or industry specific goals for reducing GHG emissions from the sector. Consequently, requirements for transparent GHG accounting and reporting are increasing within the agricultural sector, both on a national and international level. The purpose of the Agrosfär tool is to establish an automatic data driven climate calculator used to calculate GHG emissions from agricultural products and on a farm enterprise level. Automation and automatic data collection will save time, increase the accuracy of the calculations, and simplify updates of the tool to keep it aligned with the most recent climate data and climate reporting methodology. It will make it possible to continuously carry out follow-ups on climate performance indicators and measure improvements from climate measures taken. A working group consisting of agricultural life cycle assessment experts has developed the framework of the tool (e.g., setting system boundaries, selecting methodologies and input data). A technical team has developed algorithms, a digital interface and coupled the tool to other existing agricultural databases, providing farm specific information on crop and animal production data, soil characteristics, carbon footprints and amounts of purchased inputs etc. The tool and user interface have been developed based on input from farmers through prototyping and in-depth interviews. The priority guidelines on which the calculation model is based are the Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules (PEFCR), the International Dairy Federation (IDF)’s approach for carbon footprint for the dairy sector, and FAO Livestock Environmental Assessment and Performance guidelines (FAO LEAP). From the farm perspective, the Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol) Corporate Standard, GHG Protocol Agricultural Guidance (Scope 1 & 2) and GHG Protocol Corporate value chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard are guiding standards. Where standards have diverged or where assumptions have been required, the working group has made expert judgements on which method/guideline to follow or what assumptions to make. A first version of the tool, first described in report version 1, was developed as the basis for further development. The first version contains an animal and a crop module, and can calculate the carbon footprint of crops, milk and beef. This report (version 1.1) has been updated to include the most recent developments of the tool. The main change is that the tool can now also be used to calculate farm climate impact on a yearly basis. Future possibilities to develop the tool and calculation model are described in chapter 7, including suggestions for developing modules for more animal production types, deepening the integration between the crop and animal modules, expanding sources for automatic data collection, developing a carbon sequestration module, and other technical and methodological improvements to ensure alignment with important climate reporting standards. The report will be repeatedly updated as the tool develops, and new versions of the tool are released.

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  • 5.
    Ahlgren, Serina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Behaderovic, Danira
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Wirsenius, Stefan
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Carlsson, Annelie
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Hessle, Anna
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Toräng, Per
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Seeman, Anett
    Gård & Djurhälsan, Sweden.
    den Braver, Theo
    Gård & Djurhälsan, Sweden.
    Kvarnbäck, Olle
    Naturvisaren, Sweden.
    Miljöpåverkan av svensk nöt- och lammköttsproduktion2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Syftet med denna studie har varit att beräkna miljöpåverkan från olika svenska uppfödningsmodeller för nöt- och lammkött i produktionsområdena Götalands norra slättbygder, Götalands skogsbygder, Nedre Norrland samt del av Götalands mellanbygd (Gotland). Inom nötköttsproduktion har mjölkrastjur, mjölkrasstut, köttrastjur, köttrasstut och köttraskviga studerats. För lammkött har vårlamm, höstlamm och vinterlamm undersökts. Miljöpåverkanskategorier som ingått i studien är klimatpåverkan, markanvändning, kväveutsläpp samt påverkan på biologisk mångfald.

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    Full Text
  • 6.
    Ahlgren, Serina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Behaderovic, Danira
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Wirsenius, Stefan
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Carlsson, Annelie
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Hessle, Anna
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Toräng, Per
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Seeman, Anett
    Gård & Djurhälsan, Sweden.
    den Braver, Theo
    Gård & Djurhälsan, Sweden.
    Kvarnbäck, Olle
    Naturvisaren, Sweden.
    Miljöpåverkan av svensk nöt- och lammköttsproduktion - en sammanfattning2023Report (Other academic)
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    fulltext
  • 7.
    Ahlgren, Serina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Behaderovic, Danira
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Woodhouse, Anna
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Att räkna med markkol i livscykelanalys av nötkött2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Markanvändning och förändringar i markkol kan ha en stor påverkan på klimatpåverkan från livsmedelsproduktion. En vanlig metod för att beräkna klimatpåverkan av livsmedel är livscykelanalys (LCA). Här räknar man ihop alla utsläpp från produktionskedjan till ett tal.

    Det finns idag dock ingen konsensus kring hur vi bör räkna med markkol i LCA vilket innebär att många studier helt enkelt inte tar med markkol eller gör väldigt olika val vilket försvårar tolkning av resultaten. Det finns också en begreppsförvirring som gör det svårt att kommunicera kring markkol och dess effekter.

    I denna rapport ger vi en bakgrund till problemen, varför det är så svårt att räkna med markkol. Vi gör ett försök att reda ut begreppen, och att ge några råd för hur markkol kan inkluderas i LCA. Rapporten vänder sig till utförare av LCA men även till dig som vill veta mer om markkol i LCA på ett generellt plan och för att kunna tolka resultat.

    I rapporten delar vi upp markkolsförändringar som kan ske på fyra principiellt olika nivåer:1. Ändring mellan olika kategorier av markanvändning, till exempel från skog till jordbruksmark.2. Odling av en mark som inte är i jämvikt, till exempel att bruka en torvmark eller mark som bytt kategori för länge sen men som fortfarande inte kommit i jämnvikt.3. Ändring i marknyttjande, till exempel byte av gröda från ettåriga till fleråriga grödor.4. Att ändra eller införa skötselåtgärder, till exempel tillförsel av organiskt material.

    För att inkludera markkolsförändringar i LCA, behövs tre steg (1) uppskatta ändringen i markkol (2) fördela påverkan över tid och (3) beräkna klimatpåverkan. I rapporten går vi systematiskt igenom dessa tre steg och pekar ut vilka svårigheter som finns.Det är svårt att ge specifika råd kring markkol, då alla val är tätt kopplade till syftet med studien som ska utföras. Vi tycker att det viktigaste är, att LCA-utövaren är medveten om de olika alternativen i varje steg och tydligt beskriver och motiverar sina val, så att det för slutanvändaren av resultaten är tydligt vad som ligger grund för resultaten.

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    RISE Rapport 2020:67
  • 8.
    Ahlgren, Serina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Einarsson, Rasmus
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Öhlund, Erika
    FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency, Sweden.
    Växtnäring till jordbruket i osäkra tider – scenarier och dokumentation från en workshop2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Mineralgödsel är en förutsättning för dagens konventionella jordbruk och utan mineralgödsel blir det problematiskt att få fram tillräckligt med foder och livsmedel. Sverige har ingen egen produktion av mineralgödsel och försörjningen är därför helt beroende av import. Denna rapport beskriver hur växtnäring hanteras ur beredskapssynpunkt i Sverige idag, och ger också en liten inblick i hur växtnäring har hanterats i tidigare kriser och pristoppar i andra länder. Rapporten beskriver också tre olika tänkbara krisscenarier där växtnäring behöver hanteras på olika sätt för att säkerställa livsmedelsförsörjningen i Sverige. Tidsperspektivet i scenarierna är relativt kort: ett fokuserar på hur växtnäringsförsörjningen kan lösas under den kommande växtodlingssäsongen medan de andra två scenarierna fokuserar på några år framåt i tiden. Scenarierna diskuterades på en workshop med deltagare från jordbruks- och växtnäringssektorn. I rapporten redovisas diskussionerna från workshopen. Under workshopen lyftes några brister i dagens system och förslag på vilket stöd och långsiktiga förändringar som behövs, för att säkra tillgången på växtnäring i Sverige under en kris: • I vardagen finns det ingen nationell eller regional planering av den svenska primärproduktionen och fördelningen av mineralgödsel eller andra insatsvaror till olika verksamheter, utan allt sköts av marknaden. Det finns därför ingen ansvarig offentlig aktör som har helhetsansvar för området. Vid en allvarlig brist på mineralgödsel kan det behövas någon som kliver in, säkrar leveranser och tar beslut om prioriteringar till olika verksamheter och eventuellt styrning av vem som odlar vad. Det kan även behövas någon som ansvarar för förebyggande arbete. • En trygg och resilient försörjning av växtnäring kommer att kräva en mångfald av lösningar. Dessa kräver i varierande grad samordning mellan marknadsaktörer och myndigheter. Vissa kan också kräva ny lagstiftning. Ett ”Gödselmedelskabinett” med ansvar att ta fram en strategi föreslogs. • Lagstiftning bör justeras alternativt införas för att utöka möjligheterna till miljö- och hälsomässigt säker återvinning av resurser från restflöden. Sådana ändringar skulle kunna förberedas redan nu, så att de snabbt kan träda i kraft i händelse av kris eller krig. • Sverige bör utveckla gemensamma strategier och avtal med andra länder, främst inom Norden, till exempel en nordisk strategi för växtnäringsfrågor.

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  • 9.
    Ahlgren, Serina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Junestedt, Christian
    IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Sweden.
    Ahlström, Marcus
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, System Transition and Service Innovation.
    Lundin, Emma
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, System Transition and Service Innovation.
    Återvinning av växtnäringsämnen ur avloppsvatten – hur gör vi hållbarhetsbedömningar på bästa sätt?2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    För att kunna producera tillräckligt med mat på ett hållbart sätt behöver vi hushålla med växtnäring, och se till att den näring som redan finns i omlopp används på ett klokt sätt. Nya direktiv kring slamanvändning, krav på återförsel av växtnäring och hårdare utsläppskrav på reningsverk innebär att nya system och tekniker behöver utvecklas. Det kan dock vara svårt att veta vilket system eller vilken teknik som ger den största nyttan. Systemanalytiska metoder kan hjälpa till att tydliggöra dessa komplexa frågor.

    Målet med denna studie är att på ett övergripande sätt ge en insikt i hur arbetet kring hållbarhetsbedömningar kopplat till kommunal avloppsvattenrening och återföring av näringsämnen, med fokus på fosfor och kväve kan genomföras. Vidare har fokus legat på metodfrågor inom livscykelanalys (LCA), men en utblick kring andra hållbarhetsbedömningsmetoder ges även i en mindre omfattning. Mycket av det som behandlas inom LCA har dock bäring även för andra metoder för hållbarhetsbedömning.

    Idag finns det olika typer av standarder och riktlinjer för hur LCA-studier bör utföras, dock saknas det specifika riktlinjer för LCA-studier kopplade till näringsåtervinning ur avlopp. Det finns flera skäl till att LCA-metodfrågor kopplade till näringsåterföring behöver utredas; LCA är en metod som framförallt inriktar sig på att bedöma miljöpåverkan av en produkt, medan avloppsvattenrening ofta sker i kommunal regi och i nuläget är inriktat på att rena avloppsvatten och inte fokuserar på att producera produkter. Avloppssystem är ofta integrerade med både vattenförsörjning, energisystemet och jordbruket på ett intrikat sätt. Avlopp är också en sektor som har utsläpp både till luft och vatten, och metoder för att korrekt kunna bedöma dessa utsläpps påverkan på miljö är viktiga att utreda. Användningsområdet för LCA är väldigt brett. LCA kan dock inte svara på om det system som utvärderas är hållbart, bara om systemet har mer eller mindre påverkan än ett annat. LCA kan alltså inte svara på frågeställningar som: Vad är en hållbar återvinningsgrad för växtnäringsämnen?

    Arbetet har resulterat i en diskussion kring när LCA eller systemanalys lämpar sig och vad man bör tänka på när man genomför en LCA och vilka delar som bör ingå. Inom ramen för detta arbete anordnades även en workshop där berörda intressenter deltog från forskning, myndigheter och branschen. Syftet med workshopen var att få in synpunkter kring hur en systemanalys eller LCA bör läggas upp för att ge användbara resultat i beslutsfattande.

    I första hand vänder sig rapporten till dem som arbetar med kommunal avloppsvattenrening, teknikutveckling och myndigheter inom detta område, som har en grundförståelse för systemanalys och vill veta mer.

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  • 10.
    Ahlgren, Serina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Morell, Karin
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Hallström, Elinor
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Mapping of biodiversity impacts and hotspot products in Nordic food consumption2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The climate impact of food production has been lively debated over the last decades. It is e.g. well known that some products have a higher climate impact in comparison to other food products. The biodiversity impact of different food products is however less known. To steer the food production in a positive direction as well as to enable consumers, restaurants, public kitchens, and the food industry to make well-informed decisions, we need to address and measure this impact. The aim of this study has been to examine the biodiversity impact of Nordic and European food consumption. In this report we present (1) a brief summary of biodiversity indicators linked to food production and consumption, (2) different methods to evaluate biodiversity impact of food products and (3) a literature review of studies that assess biodiversity impacts of food products and diets. Based on the literature review, we identify food products suggested to have a higher respectively lower negative impact on biodiversity and discuss what changes that could promote a Nordic diet with lower negative impact on biodiversity. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps and possibilities for future work. There are different methods to examine the biodiversity impact on food products, such as life cycle assessment, input-output-model, and mapping tools. Biodiversity footprints are often based on the land use (area and intensity) in combination with parameters linked to where the production takes place and thus what biodiversity values can be affected. The consumed amount of food is also often considered – a product with a low impact per kg can get a high impact when consumed to a high degree and vice versa. Our literature review shows a variety of food products with high negative biodiversity impact. Particularly, products that are known drivers of deforestation in tropical regions, such as palm oil, coffee, and cacao – as well as meat and/or animal products that have been fed with soybeans derived from tropical regions have a high negative impact on biodiversity. On the other hand, consumption of foods as vegetables, starchy roots, and pulses – ideally with domestic origin – are examples of foods indicated to have lower biodiversity impact which would be beneficial to eat more of in the Nordic diet. There are also examples of agricultural systems where human interference is crucial for maintaining a high level of biodiversity, for example keeping grazing animals on high-naturevalue-grasslands. If these lands are abandoned or planted with forest, numerous of species will be extinct. Thus, meat linked to these grasslands can also support biodiversity, especially in the Nordic countries where there are relatively many of these landscapes left (in comparison to the rest of Europe). As the studies reviewed varied in their scope, methods, and results, they are difficult to compare. More research is needed to confirm our conclusions. Furthermore, none of the methods are flawless and there are obvious difficulties with finding a transferable and scalable unit – like CO2-equivalents – since biodiversity impacts are highly dynamic and sitespecific. Additionally, most of the reviewed studies do not consider transformation of natural areas driven by food production, e.g., deforestation, and may therefore be underestimating the impacts. In future studies, the reference systems may also be discussed and further developed, and more taxonomic groups (e.g., arthropods such as insects) should preferably be included.

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  • 11.
    Ahlgren, Serina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Morell, Karin
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Lundmark, Viktor
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Landquist, Birgit
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Biodiversitetsdatabas för livsmedel v1.0: metodrapport2023Report (Other academic)
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  • 12.
    Ahlgren, Serina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Wirsenius, Stefan
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Toräng, Per
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Carlsson, Annelie
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Seeman, Anett
    Gård & Djurhälsan, Sweden.
    Behaderovic, Danira
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Kvarnbäck, Olle
    Naturvisaren, Sweden.
    Parvin, Nargish
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Hessle, Anna
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Climate and biodiversity impact of beef and lamb production – A case study in Sweden2024In: Agricultural Systems, ISSN 0308-521X, E-ISSN 1873-2267, Vol. 219, article id 104047Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    CONTEXT: The climate impact of meat production is a hotly debated topic. What is less often highlighted is that grazing ruminants can have positive impacts on biodiversity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to use a life cycle perspective to assess both the climate and biodiversity impact of different beef and lamb production systems in Sweden. METHODS: Applying a life cycle perspective, a quantitative method to assess biodiversity was used, with a scoring system based on land use. For the climate impact calculations, the ClimAg biophysical systems model was used, including emissions from drained organic soils and carbon sequestration in mineral soils. The functional unit was 1 kg carcass weight. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated large differences in biodiversity and climate impact between the production systems studied. Dairy bulls had relative low emissions of greenhouse gases, but also a low biodiversity score (a high score indicates higher level of biodiversity). Beef breed steers and heifers had higher emissions of greenhouse gases but a higher biodiversity score, suggesting a trade-off between climate and biodiversity impact. Also for lamb meat, greenhouse gas emissions vary among production systems. A system with winter born lambs slaughtered in spring, closely followed by spring born lambs slaughtered in autumn, had the lowest emissions, while spring born lambs slaughtered in winter had the highest emissions. Winter lambs on the other hand, had a relatively high biodiversity score, due to a long rearing period and an extensive land use with a high proportion of semi-natural grasslands. Climate impact was in all systems related to methane from enteric fermentation, emissions from manure storage, and emissions from organic soils. With the assumptions made in this study, soil carbon sequestration is suggested to reduce the climate impact by 5–7% of the total emissions. Biodiversity impact was in all systems positively related to the amount of grazing in permanent grasslands, in particular semi-natural grasslands. Because semi-natural grasslands are among the most species rich terrestrial ecosystems in Europe, a large surface area grazed resulted in high biodiversity scores in the present model. SIGNIFICANCE: This study used a novel approach for biodiversity assessment, where the positive contribution of semi-natural grasslands to biodiversity was quantified and put in relation to the modelled climate impact. 

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  • 13.
    Ahlinder, Astrid
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Höglund, Evelina
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Öhgren, Camilla
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Miljkovic, Ana
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Stading, Mats
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Towards attractive texture modified foods with increased fiber content for dysphagia via 3D printing and 3D scanning2023In: Frontiers in Food Science and Technology, E-ISSN 2674-1121, Vol. 2, article id 1058641Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As life expectancy increases so do age related problems such as swallowing disorders, dysphagia, which affects 10%–30% of people over 65 years old. For dysphagia patients the texture and rheological properties of the food, and the bolus, is critical to avoid choking and pneumonia. Texture modified foods, timbals, are often served to these patients due to their ease of swallowing. The main concern with these foods is that they do not look visually alike the food they replace, which can decrease the patient’s appetite and lead to reduced food intake and frailty. This study aims to improve both the visual appearance of texturized food as well as the energy density and fiber content of the timbal formulation. 3D scanning and additive manufacturing (3D Printing) were used to produce meals more reminiscent of original food items, increasing their visual appeal. Rheology was used to ensure the original flow profile was maintained as the timbal was reformulated by reducing starch contents and partially replacing with dietary fibers. The amount of starch was reduced from 8.7 wt% in the original formulation to 3.5 wt% and partially replaced with 3 wt% citrus fiber, while maintaining properties suitable for both swallowing and 3D printing. The resulting formulation has improved nutritional properties, while remaining suitable for constructing visually appealing meals, as demonstrated by 3Dprinting a chicken drumstick from a model generated with 3D scanning.

  • 14.
    Ahlinder, Astrid
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Lindh, Jenny
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Pulp, Paper and Packaging.
    Öhgren, Camilla
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Steijer, Hans
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Pulp, Paper and Packaging.
    Stading, Mats
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Andersson, Susanna
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Pulp, Paper and Packaging.
    Development of a solid food simulant to evaluate migration of chemicals from paper and board food contact materials to moist food2024In: Food Packaging and Shelf Life, ISSN 2214-2894, Vol. 45, article id 101340Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Food contact materials (FCMs) i.e. materials that food is packaged or handled in, must be safe for their intended use. European FCM legislation uses a risk-based approach, with a cornerstone of FCM’s safety evaluation being measurement of migration of substances from FCMs to food simulants. The standard methods mainly developed for plastic FCMs are not always suitable for less inert and moisture sensitive materials such as paper and board. However, these are becoming increasingly common as FCMs e.g. to replace single-use plastics. In addition, there is a drive to further use recycled materials. To support this development, new methods for assessing the safety of these materials are needed. In the present feasibility study, a hydrogel crosslinked through freeze-thawing of poly(vinyl alcohol) was evaluated as a food simulant for moist foods. The migration of surrogate compounds from a spiked paperboard to the hydrogel was determined and compared to the migration to a real moist food (a slice of apple), the commonly used modified polyphenylene oxide (MPPO) and a water extract. Migration of polar surrogates to the hydrogel correlated well with the migration to the apple slice. However, our results indicate that the hydrogel is less suitable as simulant for non-polar surrogates. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of this hydrogel-based simulant for improving risk assessment of less inert FCMs. 

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  • 15.
    Albolafio, Sofia
    et al.
    CEBAS-CSIC, Spain.
    Gil, Maria
    CEBAS-CSIC, Spain.
    Allende, Ana
    CEBAS-CSIC, Spain.
    Xanthakis, Epameinondas
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Potential of Wastewater Valorization after Wet Extraction of Proteins from Faba Bean and Pea Flours2021In: Recent Progress in Materials, E-ISSN 2689-5846, Vol. 3, no 2Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The present study aimed to characterize wastewater fractions obtained after the wet extraction of proteins from legumes. In addition, the suitability of wastewater fractions for the potential recovery of high value-added compounds was also examined, and consequently, the prevention of the environmental impact of these wastes was explored. Similar to the industrial production of proteins, wet alkaline and acidic extractions of proteins from faba bean and pea flours were performed in two stages of extraction. The different wastewater fractions were characterized by measuring their organic matter content, total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and turbidity. The value-added compounds from these wastewater fractions were quantified, which included the protein content, carbohydrate content, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. In addition, the phenolic compounds in these factions were identified and quantified. It was observed that the fractions obtained in the first extraction stage had 60%–90% higher organic matter content, measured as the chemical oxygen demand (COD), compared to the second fractions, indicating a higher environmental impact of the former in case of disposal. The results obtained for COD, TS, TDS, EC, pH, and turbidity demonstrated that microfiltration reduced only the turbidity (85%), and consequently, a decrease was observed in the particulate matter, while there was a practically negligible reduction in the soluble matter. Wastewater from faba exhibited the highest polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, and was, therefore, considered the most valuable fraction for potential valorization.

  • 16.
    Alftan, Johan
    et al.
    RISE, Innventia.
    Tillander, Olof
    RISE, Innventia.
    Trost, Thomas
    RISE, Innventia.
    Tysen, Aron
    RISE, Innventia.
    Kihlstedt, Annika
    RISE, Innventia. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Failure due to perforation in corrugated board boxes2013Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Corrugated board boxes are often used as secondary packaging to protect consumer goods during transport. In shelf ready packaging, the boxes are perforated so that the front and top of the box can be easily removed and the remainder of the box can be used to store and display the goods. The perforations however also make the box weaker and less efficient for protection. The balance between the require-ments is today found by trial and error, but could benefit from a more systematic approach. In this study, we started with one of the basic tests of corrugated board boxes, the box compression test. A reference box without perforation and three boxes with different perforation were tested. During the box compression test, a pressure sensitive film registered the distribution of load, an IR camera registered heat from dissipa-tive processes such as plasticity and fracture, and a displacement transducer was used to measure out-of-plane deflection of box panels. All boxes, independent of perforation, failed at similar compression forces, suggesting that the box compression test alone is not an adequate test for performance of the perforated boxes. It was however observed that the perforation did influence the failure of the boxes. The proximity to perforation affected where the panels failed. Analysis of displacement indicated that the perforations main-ly were loaded in compression or shear. During transport and handling, more severe loading situations for the perforations would occur which other tests can capture. Vibration tests can be used to study fatigue. Box compression tests with misaligned stacked boxes, loading of the whole box in other modes such as shear, or drop tests will all introduce complex loading were also tension and out-of-plane shear will occur. Climate tests can give effects similar to fatigue. Climate variations also has a large effect on creep.

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  • 17.
    Andersson, Johan
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Biorefinery and Energy.
    Ahlström, Johan
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Corrosion.
    Berg, Karin
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Biorefinery and Energy.
    Olsson, Henrik
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Karlsson, Lars-Evert
    Wärtsilä Sweden AB. Sweden.
    Niinipuu, Mirva
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Biorefinery and Energy.
    Pizzul, Leticia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Biorefinery and Energy.
    Biologisk metanisering av syngas från förgasning och pyrolys - lovande koncept mot implementering2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Biological methanation of syngas from pyrolysis and gasification – promising concepts for implementation The need for increased biogas production is significant, and in the EU, there are plans for a substantial expansion in the coming years through the RePowerEU initiative. Part of the increase will come from the expansion of conventional digestion technology, where organic materials such as food waste, manure, and crop residues are used for biogas production. However, to meet the future increased demand, it is also necessary to utilize more difficult-to-digest substrates, such as biomass rich in lignocellulose, for biogas production. This could be forest residues such as branches and tops, sawdust, or bark. This type of substrates cannot be used in a conventional digestion process, and other technology chains are therefore required to convert such biomass into biomethane. This can be done by first converting the biomass into syngas through a thermochemical process such as gasification or pyrolysis. This is followed by a methanation process where the syngas is converted into biogas, and finally, the gas is upgraded to reach biomethane quality. These types of technology chains are not currently available on a commercial scale, but they have been demonstrated, for example, through the Gobigas project, where gasification was followed by catalytic methanation for biomethane production. As full-scale implementation of catalytic methanation of bio-syngas has not yet been achieved, thereis a need to develop alternative conversion technologies that can more cost-effectively achieve the methanation of woody biomass. One possible opportunity for to this is to apply biological methanation instead of a catalytic process. A biological process comes with several advantages, including a greater ability to handle contaminants, higher selectivity in the conversion of syngas, and operation at relatively low temperature and pressure, which simplifies material selection and reactor design. RISE, together with its partners, are developing a concept based on biological methanation of syngas. This project has examined the biological process's ability to handle contaminants in syngas through continuous experiments in carrier-filled trickle bed reactors with an active volume of 5 liters. The process's ability to handle and break down contaminants is an important parameter that can affect and simplify the design of the gas cleaning that occurs after gasification or pyrolysis. Another aspect of the project has been to put the experimental results into context at the concept and system level. Different production techniques for syngas have been mapped out, which could be combined with biological methanation. Based on the mapping, three types of plants have been selected for more detailed analyses of techno-economics, carbon footprint, and opportunities for increased carbon efficiency. The methanation experiments lasted for 552 days, and overall, it was a stable process with high turnover of syngas and high methane production over a long time. There have been some operational disturbances, mainly related to the supply of gas to the process (i.e. delivery of gas cylinders). However, biochemical inhibition or disturbances have been rare, demonstrating a high robustness for biological methanation of syngas. The breakdown of contaminants has been excellent in the process, with levels decreasing below the detection limit. At the same time, as contaminants have been continuously added to the process, microbiology has been able to maintain high turnover of hydrogen and carbon monoxide to methane. The specific methane production was high both during the reference period without contaminants and during the experimental periods with added contaminants. During long periods, the specific methane production has been around 4 L CH4/Lbed volume /day, which is about 4 times higher than our previously achieved results. The transition to thermophilic temperature and using carriers with higher effective surface area has contributed to this increase. During the project, three types of plants have been selected for more detailed analysis: 1) Gasification with Cortus process, which generates a relatively clean syngas with minimal purification needs before biological methanation. There is no need for co-location with a heating plant, but it is an advantage if there is access to the district heating network to sell waste heat. 2) Gasification with Bioshares' concept, where the gasifier is integrated into a larger cogeneration plant and where the produced syngas is purified with an RME-scrubber before biological methanation. Co-location with a larger cogeneration plant provides interesting synergies and integration opportunities, but also sets the boundaries for where the plants can be located. 3) Slow pyrolysis according to Envigas' concept, where the primary product is biochar and where the produced syngas is seen as a by-product. The syngas contains some impurities but generally requires no other purification than cooling to the right temperature (condensing out tars) before being added to biological methanation. This type of plant differs from plant types 1-2 in that the syngas formed is not the primary product, and the syngas has a relatively low energy value compared to the others. Syngas from plant types 2 and 3 contains some hydrocarbons (C1-C3) that are considered inert over the methanation step and therefore do not negatively affect the process. This means that heavier hydrocarbons do not need to be removed upstream, which would likely have been required with catalytic methanation. This leads to a higher system efficiency, and the need for reactor capacity for biological methanation decreases since there is less gas to be processed (more of the end-product consists of hydrocarbons already formed during the thermochemical conversion upstream). For all plant types, downstream of the methanation step, there is a need for further gas purification and upgrading. During the upgrading step carbon dioxide is separated to reach the product specification required by the end user. If long distance distribution is required a final process step consisting of a liquefaction plant for the production of liquid biogas (LBG) can be added to the concept. As another option, the systems can be supplemented with treatment of the carbon dioxide flow out of the upgrading plant, where the flow is processed by drying, compression, and cooling to produce liquid carbon dioxide. For plant type 2, where benzene is present in the syngas, this gas is expected to be separated with relatively high precision in the system and thereby generate a small flow of liquid benzene as a side product. The carbon dioxide emissions for the final product LBG are in the range of 1.6 to 2.6 gCO2-eq/MJLBG, which compares favorably to other types of second-generation biofuels. Compared to fossil gas, the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions is 96-97%. The carbon efficiency of the systems can be significantly increased if excess carbon dioxide is utilized either through BECCS or BECCU. If the carbon dioxide stream from the upgrading plant is processed into liquid carbon dioxide, the production cost is estimated to be 187-204 SEK/ton. If the product is to be sent to permanent storage the cost for transportation and storage would need to be added to estimate total cost of BECCS, but this is out of scope for the current project.. Assuming that BECCS is applied and that the entire carbon sink is allocated to the final product LBG, this will result in negative emissions in the range of -35 to -104 gCO2-eq/MJLBG. An alternative is to utilize excess carbon dioxide directly in the methanation process by boosting incoming gas with extra hydrogen. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide are then converted by methanogens, which generates extra methane. Since the addition of extra hydrogen is assumed to come from electrolysis, the additional methane production can likely be classified as electrofuel, so-called e-methane. The techno-economic evaluation results in a production cost ranging from 740 to 1300 SEK/MWhLBG, including all sensitivity scenarios. The lower price scenarios include a lower investment cost, which can be assumed to represent cases with public investment support. Overall, a large part of the scenarios are considered to be within the range of what can be considered market relevant production costs. This leads to the conclusion that there is techno-economic potential at this stage to justify continued development of concepts based on biological methanation of syngas. With scaling up and continued development in the right direction, the concepts may eventually lead to cost-effective utilization of forest residues for the production of biomethane at a commercially relevant scale. The next step in the development is scaling up to pilot scale, which will take place during 2023-2025 through an EU-funded project and will be carried out by RISE, Wärtsilä, Cortus and Swedish Gas Association. A pilot plant for biological methanation will then be operated with syngas from Cortus' gasifier in Höganäs.

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  • 18.
    Andersson, Johanna
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Garrido Banuelos, Gonzalo
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Bergdoll, Marion
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Vilaplana, Francisco
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Menzel, Carolin
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Mihnea, Mihaela
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Lopez-Sanchez, Patricia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Comparison of steaming and boiling of root vegetables for enhancing carbohydrate content and sensory profile2022In: Journal of Food Engineering, ISSN 0260-8774, E-ISSN 1873-5770, Vol. 312, p. 110754-110754, article id 110754Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Root vegetables have unique techno-functional and nutritional properties however, their use in processed foods is limited to a few species, partially due to a lack of knowledge related to the impact of thermal treatments on the sensory properties. This study investigated the effect of steaming and boiling on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and sensory profile of three model root vegetables with distinct carbohydrate composition: Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), parsnip (Pastinaca sativa), and beetroot (Beta vulgaris). Thermally treated Jerusalem artichoke and parsnip showed higher content of cell wall polysaccharides, particularly β-glucans (e.g. cellulose) and pectic components, compared to raw. Steaming produced more cell shrinkage and loss of cell-cell adhesion than boiling, leading to softer vegetables. Processed beetroot showed loss of cell turgor and drastic softening but not clear changes in overall carbohydrate content. The scores for several flavour and in-mouth attributes were higher for steamed vegetables compared to boiled. Our results give insights on the processability of root vegetables towards products with enhanced sensory and nutritional properties.

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  • 19.
    Andersson, Johanna
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Kwang Tan, Chun
    University of Tsukuba, Japan.
    Dushyantha, Jayatilake
    PLIMES Inc, Japan.
    Suzuki, Kenji
    University of Tsukuba, Japan.
    Stading, Mats
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Sound analysis of swallowing a shear-thinning fluid2021In: Annual Transactions of the Nordic Rheology Society, Vol. 29, p. 47-50Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Andersson, Johanna
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Kwang Tan, Chun
    University of Tsukuba, Japan.
    Matsuo, Koichiro
    Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
    Suzuki, Kenji
    University of Tsukuba, Japan; PLIMES Inc, Japan.
    Stading, Mats
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Investigating swallowing sounds of viscous fluid of optimized food of dysphagia management2023In: Annals Transactions of the Nordic Rheology Society, Vol. 31, p. 161-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Problems with swallowing or dysphagia is an increasing problem due to the ageing population. Investigation methods commonly require clinical techniques which are tedious and costly. An alternative analysis is to measure the swallowing time non-invasively through monitoring of swallowing sounds. GOKURI is an AI-powered, smartphone-based, neckband- type device for the assessment of the swallowing function. The present study investigated swallow sounds of food in comparison to those of water swallows. In total 19 healthy subjects were eating a full meal while their swallowing was recorded via the swallowing sensor. The results show that the time it takes for a person to swallow varies greatly. Nevertheless, the length of swallowing solid food differed significantly from water, which were slightly shorter to swallow (0.702s vs. 0.668 s respectively). This correlates well with our previous study where swallowing of water took shorter time compared to thicker Newtonian and a shear-thinning fluids.

  • 21.
    Andersson, Johanna
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Öhgren, Camilla
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Stading, Mats
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Compression of plant seeds assuming soft spheres2021In: Annual Transactions of the Nordic Rheology Society, Vol. 29, p. 103-108Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden; Linköping University, Sweden.
    Eklund, J.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden; Linköping University, Sweden.
    Anna, Rydberg
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Lean-inspired development work in agriculture: Implications for the work environment2020In: Agronomy Research, ISSN 1406-894X, E-ISSN 2228-4907, Vol. 18, no 2, p. 324-345Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Farmers operate in a turbulent environment that includes international competition, weather conditions and animal behaviour, for example, and is difficult for them to control. However, economy and productivity always have a high priority. As a consequence, farms have started to implement lean-inspired work systems. At the same time, health and safety are of urgent concern in the sector. This article explores how famers apply lean-inspired work processes. It identifies work environment changes during and after a lean implementation, as well as possible developments in the work environment following implementation of the lean philosophy. Data were collected from three groups: lean, lean-light and development-inclined reference farms (in total 54 farms), using a questionnaire and interviews. The results indicate that a majority of the lean farms were applying several lean principles and tools, and the lean philosophy. The lean-light farms applied parts of the lean concept, while the reference farms applied some of the more general tools, used in lean and elsewhere, such as visualisation in various forms and to various extents. The results showed positive effects of lean on the psychosocial work environment, better work structure and improved information, communication and co-operation. The physical work environment was improved to some extent by lean, where advantages such as a more structured and practical work environment with less physical movements and locomotion could be noticed. The lean concept provided a more structured and systematic approach to dealing with work and production environmental issues, for managers as well as for employees.

  • 23.
    Archer, Nicholas
    et al.
    CSIRO, Australia; Örebro University, Sweden.
    Cochet-Broch, Maeva
    CSIRO, Australia.
    Mihnea, Mihaela
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. Örebro University, Sweden.
    Garrido Banuelos, Gonzalo
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Lopez-Sanchez, Patricia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Lundin, Leif
    CSIRO, Australia.
    Frank, Damian
    CSIRO, Australia.
    Sodium Reduction in Bouillon: Targeting a Food Staple to Reduce Hypertension in Sub-saharan Africa2022In: Frontiers in Nutrition, E-ISSN 2296-861X, Vol. 9, article id 746018Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bouillon cubes are a staple ingredient used in Sub-saharan African countries providing flavor enhancement to savory foods. Bouillon has been identified as a vehicle for fortification to overcome micronutrient deficiencies in Sub-saharan Africa. However, bouillon has a high sodium content (and in addition with other foods) contributes to dietary sodium intake above recommended guidelines. High dietary sodium intake is a key risk factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Africa has the highest rates of hypertension and CVD globally with nearly half the adult population above 25 years affected. This review presents current state of research on sodium reduction strategies in bouillon. The key challenge is to reduce sodium levels while maintaining optimal flavor at the lowest possible production cost to ensure bouillon continues to be affordable in Sub-saharan Africa. To produce lower sodium bouillon with acceptable flavor at low cost will likely involve multiple sodium reduction strategies; direct reduction in sodium, sodium replacement and saltiness boosting flavor technologies. Efforts to reduce the sodium content of bouillon in Sub-saharan Africa is a worthwhile strategy to: (i) lower the overall sodium consumption across the population, and (ii) deliver population-wide health benefits in a region with high rates of hypertension and CVD. Copyright © 2022 Archer, Cochet-Broch, Mihnea, Garrido-Bañuelos, Lopez-Sanchez, Lundin and Frank.

  • 24.
    Aronsson, Helena
    et al.
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Wahlund, Lotten
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Lovang, Malin
    Lovang Lantbrukskonsult AB, Sweden.
    Hellstrand, Ebba
    Hushållningssällskapet, Sweden.
    Odelros, Åsa
    Hedesunda, Sweden.
    Salomon, Eva
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Phosphorus load in outdoor areas for laying hens and capacity of phosphorus retaining materials to reduce the environmental impact2022In: Organic Agriculture, ISSN 1879-4238, E-ISSN 1879-4246, Vol. 12, no 3, p. 325-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This study investigated manure loads in outdoor paddocks for laying hens and the capacity of two phosphorus (P) retaining materials for reducing leaching from manure in areas with high hen density. Inventories on two commercial farms during 2 years (2017 and 2018) of the impact of hens (groups of 3000 hens) on vegetation, as a proxy for land use by hens, showed that 16–21% of outdoor area in grassland paddocks and 22–39% of area in a forest paddock were used by the hens. Sand and limestone were tested as P retention materials in areas with high manure load in a field study during the outdoor season for laying hens (May 1 to October 31 in 2018). The materials were placed on the ground (0.2 m deep bed, 3.3 m wide) outside the pop-hole in paddocks with 76 hens. The average numbers of hens outdoors were recorded at 9 am and 3 pm daily. There was no significant difference between the materials concerning distribution of hens, and they seemed not to prefer any material more than the other. When cylinders containing the spent materials were exposed to simulated rainfalls in a laboratory study, the P concentrations in drainage water were high for all materials, including a control with gravel (58–136 mg PO4-P L−1 and 130–197 mg total-P L−1). On average, 14% of manure P retained in the sand and limestone materials was leached after 100 mm of simulated rainfall. Thus, these materials may act as physical filters for P in manure, but to reduce the risk of P losses to waters during the following winter, they need to be removed from the paddocks and preferably used as potential P fertilizers on arable land. © 2021, The Author(s).

  • 25.
    Arvidsson Segerkvist, Katarina
    et al.
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Brunsø, Karen
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Brønd Laursen, Klaus
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Cherono Schmidt Henriksen, Julie
    Økologisk Landsforening, Denmark.
    Elsmark, Jenny
    Svenskt Kött, Sweden.
    Esbjerg, Lars
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Hessle, Anna
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Holtz, Emma
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Karlsson, Anders H
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Lind, Ann-Kristina
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Lindahl, Cecilia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Stenberg, Elin
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Strand, Theres
    Svenska Köttföretagen, Sweden.
    Tønning Tønnesen, Mathilde
    Aarhus University, Denmark.
    Bark, Linnea
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Åkesson, Ulrika
    Agroväst Livsmedel, Sweden.
    Consumer driven innovation towards improved beef and lamb meat quality: Partnership project summary2021Report (Other academic)
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  • 26.
    Axelsson, Anna F
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Ziegler, Friederike
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Hornborg, Sara
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Metod för beräkning av svensk sjömatskonsumtion2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Method for calculation of Swedish seafood consumption

    Robust statistics on how much and which seafood is consumed in Sweden are important for calculations of intake of both desired and undesired substances through seafood, as well as for mapping and forecasting the environmental footprint generated by consumption. Based on three previous reviews summarizing production and trade statistics to estimate Swedish seafood consumption per species and production method (fishing/ aquaculture), a method has been developed for calculating seafood consumption. Previous reports have provided valuable insights, since the Swedish Board of Agriculture does no longer publish data on Swedish seafood consumption in the same way as for other foods. Focusing on the most recent review, which represents the current state of knowledge and the latest statistics, the purpose of this report is to describe in detail, step by step, the method used for calculating Swedish seafood consumption. The calculation is based on public statistics on the volume of imports, exports and production in aquaculture and fisheries, which when needed was complemented with information from other sources. The method description includes where data is found, how it is downloaded, processed, categorized and how the different datasets were later combined to provide an overall picture of Swedish seafood consumption. Finally, knowledge gaps and the need for supplementary data collection is described. The work on this report has revealed that there are still considerable deficiencies and data gaps in the public production and trade statistics. For instance, landings by foreign commercial fishing boats as well as landings of certain species in recreational fishing are not presented. Production data of certain species in aquaculture may also be lacking, due to confidentiality, and requires alternative strategies to be obtained. In addition, available statistics on herring and sprat are uncertain and difficult to interpret, which is why the calculation of these species requires special treatment. Due to its great importance in both production and consumption, the uncertainties surrounding these species represent an important source of error in the estimation of total consumption. Improvements in production and trade statistics of seafood are important for several reasons and it is important that a future method for public consumption statistics is harmonized with that used for other foods, to enable comparisons. Using alternative and varied ways to fill data gaps from year to year obstructs reliable calculations and comparisons – over time and with other product groups. To ensure a sustainable increase in seafood production and consumption, improved transparency through the whole value chain is of considerable importance – not the least to understand which seafood species that could increase in a sustainable way.

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  • 27.
    Backlund, Elin
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Östergren, Karin
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Implementering och resultat av Göteborgsmodellen för mindre matsvinn2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Gothenburg model for less food waste - a model forreducing food waste in municipal kitchensThe Swedish law states that all school children shall be served a nutritious, free schoollunch every day meaning that about 3 million meals are served per day in the municipalsector in Sweden. By developing efficient working models aimed for decreasing the foodwaste climate impact and costs can be significantly reduced.“The Gothenburg model for less food waste” is a practical tool describing simple andappropriate working routines aimed for reducing food waste in municipal kitchens. Thetool is designed to be used by the staff working in the kitchens. This report elucidatesdata and experiences from the implementation of “The Gothenburg model for less foodwaste”.Gothenburg City has a large meal organization with about 520 kitchens covering preschools,schools and elderly care settings. Through the “Gothenburg model for less foodwaste”, the City of Gothenburg reduced its food waste (serving and kitchen waste) in itskitchens by 50%, from about 30 g/serving to 15 g/serving, in two years, from January2017 to December 2018. At the end of the project, 95% of the kitchens measured theirfood waste. Together, these kitchens served over 80,000 lunches a day. Based on themeasurements in 2017–2018, serving waste accounted for about 80% of food waste,while 20% was kitchen waste.Based on the collected data on food waste targets for different categories of kitchenscould be formulated for serving and kitchen waste. The values suggested for schools were8 - 10 g/serving for production kitchens, 10-15 g/serving for reception kitchens and 30 -35 g/serving for serving kitchens. The corresponding values for pre-schools were 5 - 8g/serving for production kitchens, 10 - 15 g/serving for reception kitchens and 25 - 30g/serving for serving kitchens.The project has contributed to long-term effects by introducing a systematic approachfor reducing food waste in municipal kitchens. By  working according to the model, thekitchens have established procedures for reducing kitchen and serving waste as well asidentified structural problems that must be addressed in  the future for decreasing thefood waste further.Collected data for a time span up to 5 years  show that it takes time establish routines andlong-lasting changes. Generally, food waste levels decrease quite fast in the beginningdue to the easy wins and then level off gradually.

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  • 28.
    Bakalis, Serafim
    et al.
    University of Nottingham, UK; University of Birmingham, UK .
    Valdramidis, Vasilis P
    University of Malta, Malta.
    Argyropoulos, Dimitrios
    University College Dublin, Ireland.
    Ahrne, Lilia
    University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Chen, Jianshe
    Zhejiang Gongshang University, China.
    Cullen, P J
    University of Sydney, Australia.
    Cummins, Enda
    University College Dublin, Ireland.
    Datta, Ashim K
    Cornell University, USA.
    Emmanouilidis, Christos
    Cranfield University, UK.
    Foster, Tim
    University of Nottingham, UK.
    Fryer, Peter J
    University of Birmingham, UK.
    Gouseti, Ourania
    University of Nottingham, UK.
    Hospido, Almudena
    University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
    Knoerzer, Kai
    CSIRO, Australia.
    LeBail, Alain
    Oniris, France.
    Marangoni, Alejandro G
    University of Guelph, Canada.
    Rao, Pingfan
    Zhejiang Gongshang University, Canada.
    Schlüter, Oliver K
    Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Germany.
    Taoukis, Petros
    National Technical University of Athens, Greece.
    Xanthakis, Epameinondas
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Van Impe, Jan F M
    Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium.
    Perspectives from CO+RE: How COVID-19 changed our food systems and food security paradigms.2020In: Current Research in Food Science, ISSN 2665-9271, Vol. 3, p. 166-172Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Within a few weeks the world has changed, at the time this text is written (May 2020) more than 3.5 million people have been confirmed cases of COVID-19 and estimations propose up to a hundred times the number of actually infected. A third of the global population is on lockdown and a large part of our global economic activity has stopped. Food and access to food has played a visual role in portraying the impact of the outbreak on our society, with images of empty supermarket shelves appearing in mainstream media. In some countries closed schools resulted in many children not having access to free meals and mobilised a number of charities. While parts of the world are now exiting lockdown and measures start relaxing the near future remains uncertain with more waves of the pandemic expected. Given that there is currently no evidence to show that transmission of COVID-19 could occur through food or food packaging there has been limited discussion on the issue, implications and potential future scenarios within the wider food science community.

    Within the food research community, up to the pandemic crisis the discourse has been dominated with design and manufacture of healthy and safe foods. The main issues are relevant to sustainability, circular economy, energy and water efficiency, climate friendly practices of products and processes. Efficiency has been the focus, but resilience has not been a significant issue so far. The term food system resilience has been defined by Tendalla (Tendalla et al., 2015) as ‘capacity over time of a food system and its units at multiple levels, to provide sufficient, appropriate and accessible food to all, in the face of various and even unforeseen disturbances’. We believe that in the future we will continue to see similar pressures in the food system, e.g., comparable pandemics, effects of climate change on food production, and that resilience will become of major importance.

    This commentary aims to present a reflection from the past, considering the present situation to provide thoughts on the actions needed to ensure resilient food systems.

  • 29.
    Baky, Andras
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Klimatavtryck från engångsförkläden i sjuk-vården2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Currently Swedish healthcare uses large amounts of disposable products, many of which are made from plastic. For example, Region Uppsala annually uses 3,2 million disposable plastic aprons. Currently these aprons are manufactured from fossil based polyethene plastic. This causes emissions of 270 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents over their life cycle from extraction of raw material to end of life through incineration. If substituting the fossil polyethene with plastic manufactured from renewable material, there is a potential to reduce the climate impact from disposable plastic aprons. Current study has compared disposable plastic aprons made from fossil polyethene with aprons made from renewable raw materials. Two renewable plastics were evaluated, disposable apron made of polyethene manufactured from bioethanol from Brazilian sugar cane and disposable aprons made of the renewable plastic polylactide (PLA) origination from sugar cane grown in Thailand. The result is that using biopolyethene reduces climate impact with 60 % and PLA aprons with 40 % compared to fossil polyethene. PLA has a component that currently is of fossil origin. If in the future this component is substituted with a renewable component there is a potential to reduce the PLA climate impact with as much as 20 % compared to current reduction in comparison to fossil polyethene.

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  • 30.
    Baky, Andras
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Ahlgren, Serina
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Systemanalys av biodrivmedel baserade på halm och vall - samproduktion av etanol och bioolja2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Large amounts of domestic raw material will be needed for future biofuel production in Sweden. Various grasses and straw are interesting alternatives for ethanol production. In the ethanol production, hydrolysis lignin residual is produced, which does not yet have a well-formulated end-use.

    HTL is a liquefaction process that can be used to produce bio-oil. In this project we have studied whether hydrolysis lignin residue from ethanol production could be used as raw material in the HTL process. The produced bio-oil can be upgraded together with fossil oil in a conventional refinery and converted into biofuel components.

    In this system study, biofuel production based on straw and ley grass as raw material have been studied in terms of climate impact, mass flows and economy. Four scenarios were investigated, two with straw as raw material and two with ley grass as raw materi-al. In all scenarios, the raw material was assumed to be used for ethanol production. In two scenarios, lignin residue from ethanol production was sent for incineration. In the other two scenarios, the lignin residue is further processed bio-oil via the HTL process.

    In all scenarios the climate impact was reduced compared to fossil fuels. Ethanol gives a reduction of 72 – 92% and biofuels from bio-oil a reduction of 64 – 81% compared to the fossil reference. Considering soil carbon however has a large effect on the climate impact; removing straw is a loss of carbon while cultivation of ley grass add carbon to the soil.

    The cost of producing ethanol was calculated to be between SEK 3 200 – 4 800 per metric ton ethanol. The fuels produced via HTL were estimated to have a production cost between SEK 11 600 – 15 100 per metric ton of fuel. Thus, biofuels from hydrolysis lignin were calculated to be much more expensive than ethanol. This is mainly due to the costs associated with the upgrade of bio-oil. However, results should be carefully interpreted as there is a lack of input data and major uncertainties in the estimations.

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  • 31.
    Bark, Linnea
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Lindahl, Cecilia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Stress kopplat till larm och statistik från automatiska mjölkningssystem (AMS)2021Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Automatic milking systems (AMS), also called milking robots, have become more common and in 2018 one third of all dairy cows in Sweden was milked in AMS. Advantages with AMS is that it improves the physical working environment, it allows for more flexible working hours and it collects individual data of milk production, milk quality and animal health. The milking robot works day and night, and it is common with one robot serving the total herd. Since downtime in the robot can result in reduced production and animal welfare, the system is more vulnerable compared to a manual milking system. Therefore, there is an alarm system connected to the milking robot that informs the farmer whenever there is a stoppage in the robot. Previous studies on work environment in AMS have shown that the farmers experienced that psychological work environment had deteriorated due to the need for constant readiness to solve any stoppage. Furthermore, they also experienced an overflow of information from the robot that made it hard to overview. The aim of this study was to investigate how Swedish farmers and service technicians experience stress related to alarms and data from the milking robot and how the stress is prevented. In this study, interviews were performed with farmers that had AMS (n=6), farmers that have had AMS but changed over to manual milking (n=3) and service technicians. Beside the interviews the farmers also filled a questionnaire where they graded the experience of stress. The results show that the farmers that had AMS experienced little stress related to alarm and data, while farmers that had given up AMS experienced more stress. The farmers experienced that stress related to alarms could partly be prevented by having a lower number of cows per AMS and by having access to more than one milking unit. Stress related to being on call could be prevented by having access to a network of persons that could relief the farmer from the alarm, especially if the farmer easily gets stressed, experience a high alarm frequency, or have great need of time off work in periods. Farmers that have had AMS experienced more stress related to data compared to farmers that had AMS. However, the interviews did not result in concrete solution in how to prevent stress. The service technicians were in general content with their work, but the on-call service was a negative part of the work. It takes long time to get into the job and it is therefore necessary to have a functioning system where more experienced colleagues can support the less experienced.

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  • 32.
    Barman, Sandra
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Fager, Cecilia
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; University of G.
    Röding, Magnus
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Loren, Niklas
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; University of G.
    von Corswant, Christian
    AstraZeneca, Sweden.
    Olsson, Eva
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; University of G.
    Bolin, David
    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Saudi Arabia.
    Rootzén, Holger
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    New characterization measures of pore shape and connectivity applied to coatings used for controlled drug release2021In: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN 0022-3549, E-ISSN 1520-6017, Vol. 110, no 7, p. 2753-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pore geometry characterization-methods are important tools for understanding how pore structure influences properties such as transport through a porous material. Bottlenecks can have a large influence on transport and related properties. However, existing methods only catch certain types of bottleneck effects caused by variations in pore size. We here introduce a new measure, geodesic channel strength, which captures a different type of bottleneck effect caused by many paths coinciding in the same pore. We further develop new variants of pore size measures and propose a new way of visualizing 3-D characterization results using layered images. The new measures together with existing measures were used to characterize and visualize properties of 3-D FIB-SEM images of three leached ethyl-cellulose/hydroxypropyl-cellulose films. All films were shown to be anisotropic, and the strongest anisotropy was found in the film with lowest porosity. This film had very tortuous paths and strong geodesic channel-bottlenecks, while the paths through the other two films were relatively straight with well-connected pore networks. The geodesic channel strength was shown to give important new visual and quantitative insights about connectivity, and the new pore size measures provided useful information about anisotropies and inhomogeneities in the pore structures. The methods have been implemented in the freely available software MIST. 

  • 33.
    Bastardie, Francois
    et al.
    DTU Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Hornborg, Sara
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Ziegler, Friederike
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Gislason, Henrik
    DTU Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Eigaard, Ole R
    DTU Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Reducing the Fuel Use Intensity of Fisheries: Through Efficient Fishing Techniques and Recovered Fish Stocks2022In: Frontiers in Marine Science, E-ISSN 2296-7745, Vol. 9, article id 817335Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Understanding the drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in food production systems is becoming urgent. For wild capture fisheries, fuel use during the fishing phase generally dominates emissions and is highly variable between fisheries. Fuel use is also essential for the economy of the fisheries, but fuel-intensive fisheries can still be profitable due to fuel subsidies, in particular, if the target species is of high value. Developing an innovative bottom-up approach based on detailed catch and spatial fishing effort data, in the absence of direct fuel data, we analysed the fuel use intensity (fuel use per kg landed) and economic efficiency (landing value per litre fuel used) of Danish capture fisheries for the period 2005-2019. An overall decline in fishing effort did not significantly affect the overall fuel use intensity and efficiency, which was stable for most of the fleet segments and marine species. Robust differences in fuel use intensity among individual fisheries, reflected differential spatial accessibility and vulnerability of target species to fishing. In addition, different fishing techniques targeting the same set of species showed differences in fuel use per unit landed. Danish seining and gillnets had a lower fuel use intensity and higher economic efficiency than demersal trawling; and purse seining than pelagic trawling. The variability between stocks and fleets also indicates that there is generally potential for improvement in overall efficiency from improved stock status. Short-term management actions to promote the best available fuel-efficient fishing techniques combined with additional long-term actions to secure the recovery of stocks have the potential to reduce fishery greenhouse gas emissions. Sustainable fisheries and normative environmental management are crucial to developing incentives towards reducing fuel use whenever the fishing sector industry and science work jointly at implementing solutions, as incentives for the industry to reduce fuel use are limited as long as the fishing activity is profitable. Copyright © 2022 Bastardie, Hornborg, Ziegler, Gislason and Eigaard.

  • 34.
    Behaderovic, Danira
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Råberg, Tora
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Kolinlagring i jordbruket – en översikt över pågående arbete kring kolkrediter och affärsmodeller2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Jordbruks-, skogsbruks- och annan markanvändningssektor står för 25 % av de globala antropogena växthusgasutsläppen. För att kunna nå målet om högst 1,5 graders uppvärmning uppskattar IPCC att det, utöver emissionsreduktioner, kommer krävas upptag i skalan 100 miljarder till 1 biljon ton CO2 under 2000-talet. Här spelar jordbruket en viktig roll och Europeiska kommissionen föreslår ett mål om ett nettoupptag av 310 miljoner ton CO2-ekvivalenter i terrestra ekosystem till och med 2030, genom bland annat kolinlagrande jordbruk. Koldioxidavlägsnande genom kolinlagrande jordbruk skiljer sig från andra industriella metoder då det rör sig om processer som är svåra att kontrollera och som påverkas av flera naturgivna faktorer. Det saknas ekonomiskt genomförbara metoder för storskalig och frekvent kvantifiering och verifiering av kolinlagring. I dagsläget finns ett stort antal aktörer på den frivilliga koldioxidmarknaden för krediter skapade genom kolinlagring i jordbruksmark. Dessa aktörer följer många gånger olika program och tillhandahåller olika typer av krediter, exempelvis krediter för klimatkompensation (offset credits) eller krediter för att uppnå nationella eller globala klimatmål (contributional credits). Krediterna kan säljas under olika permanenskriterier, vanligast är att krediten ska ha en garanterad livslängd på 100 år. Då kolinlagring i marken är en reversibel process och kolet riskerar att återgå till atmosfären är det förknippat med stora osäkerheter att garantera en 100-årig livslängd för denna typ av krediter. En stigande global medeltemperatur utgör en risk, då nedbrytningen av markens organiska material sker snabbare under högre temperaturer och redan idag syns tecken på att kolinlagringen i matjorden försvagats i Finland till följd av stigande medeltemperaturer. Att kvantifiera och verifiera kolinlagring i jordbruksmark kommer med en rad svårigheter. De förändringar i markens kolhalt som sker är små och kan ta flera år innan de går att uppmäta. Att mäta små förändringar i markens kolhalt (% C) är kostsamt och svårt att säkerställa statistiskt. För att kvantifiera markens kolförråd (ton C/ha) behöver dessutom markens densitet mätas vilket är en ytterligare komplicerande faktor. Detta är inte samstämmigt med krav på regelbundna jordprover och årliga kvantifieringar av kolförrådet i marken. När teknologi så som fjärranalys och modellering kombinerat med få datapunkter blir tillräckligt mogen kommer det underlätta verifieringen och övervakning, dock går denna utveckling långsammare än vad klimatmålen kräver. Svårigheten i att garantera permanens samt kvantifiera och verifiera kolinlagring är några av skälen till att köpare av krediter inte är villiga att betala det pris som säljarna förväntar sig för att täcka åtgärdskostnaderna av en växtföljd där huvudfokus är kolinlagring. Åtgärdskostnaden för olika kolinlagrande åtgärder ligger mellan 200 – 4400 kr per ton CO2, där fånggröda har den lägsta åtgärdskostnaden medan vallodling/skyddszoner har den högsta. Per genererad kolkredit (motsvarande 1 ton CO2) kan lantbrukarna få en ersättning mellan 150–1000 kronor, beroende på program och certifiering. För att öka kolpoolens permanens är det möjligt att använda sig av biokol, vars kolsänka kan certifieras genom European Certificate C-sink. Kolinlagrande jordbruk har potential att bidra till fler mervärden, utöver koldioxidupptag, så som minskad övergödning, resiliens mot torka och översvämningar, This work is licensed under CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ bördig åkermark, biologisk mångfald och minskad vind-och vattenerosion. För att öka incitament för lantbrukare att tillämpa kolinlagrande jordbruk, och för att öka betalningsvilja hos potentiella kreditköpare, kommer det vara viktigt att lyfta fram och integrera dessa mervärden. Utöver de ekonomiska hindren, finns också hinder i form av naturgivna förutsättningar, t.ex. skiljer sig kolinlagringspotentialen mellan olika jordarter och initial mullhalt. Det kan även finnas odlingspraktiska hinder så som att mellangrödor kan bli ett ogräsproblem, eller uppföröka växtföljdssjukdomar. Vilka prioriteringar anser intressenter att en lantbrukare bör prioritera? Ökad livsmedelsproduktion eller satsa på åtgärder som framför allt maximerar kolinlagringen? En svårighet är också hur lantbrukare som redan har en hög kolhalt ska belönas för tidigare utförda åtgärder och för upprätthållandet av denna kolhalt. Det finns även miljörisker med kolinlagrande jordbruk, så som ökade lustgasutsläpp när kvävehalten i marken ökar. Samtliga aspekter behöver beaktas i utformningen av det kolinlagrande jordbruket.

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  • 35.
    Behaderovic, Danira
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Ziegler, Friederike
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Miljöavtrycket av odlade blåmusslor jämfört med vanliga proteinkällor2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Environmental footprint of farmed blue mussels compared to common protein sources The environmental footprint of a number of protein-rich food sources were evaluated from literature: Farmed blue mussels and Pacific oysters, wild-caught Atlantic cod and herring, northern shrimp, farmed Atlantic salmon, vegetarian protein sources as well as beef, pork and poultry. Studies were selected and major methodological choices aligned to render a reasonably comparable set of products. Due to lack of data and methodological consistency, the only environmental impact category that was possible to quantify across all products was greenhouse gas emissions, other environmental impacts are discussed qualitatively. Emissions were compared both per kg of edible product, per kg of protein and per recommended daily intake (RDI) of a number of key nutrients. The nutrients selected are nutrients for which seafood plays or could play an important role for intake: iodine, selenium, vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids and iron. Results show that both bivalves - blue mussels and Pacific oysters – together with herring are the lowest emission food sources included per kg of edible food. Vegetarian protein sources and cod are close, but somewhat higher. Poultry, pork, shrimp and salmon are intermediate, while beef caused the highest emission, the latter due to its high methane emissions from digestive processes. For fed species, i.e. the three landbased animal foods and salmon, production of feed represents a major part of emissions, in particular when consisting of a large proportion of soy from countries with expanding agricultural land. Bivalves have a lower protein content than the other foods (10-13% vs 18-22% for other animal foods and 15-17% for vegetarian foods) and therefore emissions per kg of protein are slightly higher than per kg edible food. When instead the RDI is used as the basis of comparison, the amount of each food needed to supply the RDI and associated emissions are presented. Mussels and oysters were again most low-carbon source for four out of the five nutrients analysed. For vitamin D, which mussels do not contain, oysters was the most carbon-efficient source, as a result of the combination of high content and low emissions. Mussels had the highest content of iron of all foods included. For other nutrients, content was high but not the highest and it is due to low emissions that mussels are the most climate efficient way of covering the RDI. Obviously, no one covers their RDI with only one type of food and this calculation was only done in order to compare across foods. The RDI represents an average value and there is variability between individuals and groups in the population with regard to specific needs. A given content of a nutrient does not necessarily have the same effect, as their bioavailability can differ between foods, but in general animal foods such as mussels have high bioavailability especially for minerals. The independence of feed is a major advantage of farmed bivalves and improvement options focus on increasing the edible yield as much as possible through farming and harvesting practices. All in all, mussels are shown to have a major potential as low-emission nutritious foods of the future, especially since worst-case assumptions for edible yield were made and if yield was higher, the difference would be even higher and mussel emissions even lower.

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  • 36.
    Ben Tobin, Aarti
    et al.
    CSIRO, Australia.
    Mihnea, Mihaela
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Hildenbrand, Marie
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Miljkovic, Ana
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Garrido Banuelos, Gonzalo
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Xanthakis, Epameinondas
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Lopez-Sanchez, Patricia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Bolus rheology and ease of swallowing of particulated semi-solid foods as evaluated by an elderly panel2020In: Food & Function, ISSN 2042-6496, E-ISSN 2042-650X, Vol. 11, no 10, p. 8648-8658Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Preparation of a bolus is a complex process with both food comminution and degree of lubrication with saliva playing an important role in a safe swallow. Swallowing disorders i.e. dysphagia, are especially present among the elderly population and often lead to choking and further health complications. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between the perception of ease of swallowing in the elderly and the rheological parameters of particulated foods, using broccoli purees as a model system. Particulated foods can be described as a concentrated dispersion of plant particles in a fluid phase. The effect of the fluid phase (Newtonian vs. shear thinning) and dispersed phase (plant particles with different size distribution and morphology) on the rheological properties of simulated boli was studied by characterising shear viscosity, viscoelasticity, yield stress, extensional viscosity and cohesiveness. Ease of swallowing and mouthfeel were evaluated by a semi trained healthy elderly panel (n = 19, aged 61 to 81). Ease of swallowing was correlated with the presence of yield stress and extensional viscosity in the bolus, characteristic of boli with xanthan gum as the fluid phase. Although the properties of the fluid phase played a dominant role in the ease of swallowing, compared to the dispersed phase, both components played a role in the rheological properties of the bolus and the perception of ease of swallowing by the elderly panel. These results provide insights into the design of personalised foods for populations with specific needs such as those suffering from swallowing disorders.

  • 37.
    Berg, Charlotte
    et al.
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Hansson, Helena
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Herlin, Anders
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Hultgren, Jan
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Jacobson, Magdalena
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Jansson, Anna
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Jamar, Anna
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Jeppson, Knut-Håkan
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Keeling, Linda
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Kolstrup, Christina
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Lindahl, Cecilia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Lundmark Hedman, Frida
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Rydhmer, Lotta
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Staaf Larsson, Birgitta
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Salomon, Eva
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Sandberg, Eva
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Steen, Margareta
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Wall, Helena
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Utegående nötkreatur och får2020Report (Other academic)
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  • 38.
    Bergentall, Martina
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Solid-state fermentation of side streams from Saccharina latissima2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The cultivation of brown macroalgae, such as Laminaria ssp. and Saccharina latissima, has increased extensively during the last decades; according to a report by Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations1 , the cultivation of brown seaweeds exceeded 16 M tons worldwide as per 2019. At the Swedish West coast, the most cultivated brown alga is S. latissima – Sugar kelp – and it is mainly produced for food purposes. The S. latissima body consists of a blade, a stipe and a holdfast. The holdfast and stipe are stiff and tough and not useful for food in its raw state; instead, they become a side stream in the production. Fermentation of the stipes and holdfasts could be a way of improving their food properties, but the traditionally used and food-safe microorganisms employed for fermentation of soybeans, cereals, and other plant-based substrates are adapted to grow on plant carbohydrates such as starch and cellulose. This could be an obstacle when attempting to use algae as a substrate, since they are mainly constituted of other carbohydrates, such as alginate, laminarin, fucoidan and mannitol. For fungi to grow on algal biomass there should be a need for enzymes that can degrade the algal carbohydrates to release sugar units to be taken up by the fungal cells, but we did not find any reports on known food-safe fungi specialized on algae. Therefore, we wanted to test different pre-treatments, with the aim to make the algal carbohydrates accessible for established and safe fungi, traditionally used for fermentation of plant material, so that they would be able to ferment the algal biomass. Our project aimed at assessing the feasibility of using side streams (stipes and holdfasts) from S. latissima as a substrate for solid-state fermentation and to make initial total protein analyses of the product. The goal was to present a proof-of-concept – a model product – for future studies of e.g. amino acid composition, nutritional value, bioavailability, sensorics and environmental impact. The long-term impact target was to enable sustainable and profitable valorization of a presently unused side stream.

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  • 39.
    Bergentall, Martina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Malafronte, Loredana
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. AstraZeneca, Sweden.
    As, Dorine
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. Hedelab, Belgium.
    Calmet, Emeline
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. Fleury Michon, France.
    Melin, Petter
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Reduction of malic acid in bilberry juice by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-mediated malolactic fermentation2024In: European Food Research and Technology, ISSN 1438-2377, E-ISSN 1438-2385, Vol. 250, no 3, p. 811-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus) are the most common wild berries in Northern Europe. A substantial amount of the berries are picked with the objective to extract highly valued products such as anthocyanins. A smaller amount of the bilberries is used to make jams and drinks, and these are generally restricted to the domestic market. One reason is the sour taste, partly as a result of the high content of malic acid. By using certain strains of lactic acid bacteria with the ability to convert malic acid to lactic acid, the taste is predicted to be more pleasant. This process is called malolactic fermentation, and historically it has mostly been used in winemaking. After testing five different starter cultures, we identified that the strain, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP58, can rapidly convert malic acid to lactic acid without any loss of sugar or citric acid, which strongly indicates a successful malolactic acid fermentation. As it has been reported that other strains of L. plantarum can be used as biopreservative agents, the resulting product was also tested in terms of microbial safety after prolonged storage, and by means of metagenome sequencing. The obtained product was quite tolerant to microbial growth, but this observation was rather due to an initial heat treatment than the addition of lactobacilli. Potentially, starter cultures with documented biopreservative activity can be combined with L. plantarum LP58 to obtain a more stable product. Until then, the fermented bilberry juice must be processed and preserved like non-fermented bilberry products. © 2023, The Author(s).

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  • 40.
    Bergentall, Martina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Niimi, Jun
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Persson, Ingela
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Calmet, Emeline
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    As, Dorine
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Plovie, Alexander
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Malafronte, Loredana
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Melin, Petter
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Malolactic fermentation in lingonberry juice and its use as a preservative2024In: Food microbiology (Print), ISSN 0740-0020, E-ISSN 1095-9998, Vol. 121, article id 104500Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lingonberry is a common wild berry that is often sold as jams and beverages. It naturally contains high amounts of the weak acid preservative benzoic acid making it an interesting ingredient for shelf-life extension. Despite this, their use as a raw ingredient is limited by the inherently intense sour taste. This study aimed to improve the taste of lingonberry juice by subjecting it to malolactic fermentation in order to reduce the sourness, and to investigate the benzoic acid in lingonberries as a natural preservative in juice blends by determining the microbial stability. After initial screening of lactic acid bacteria, a Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain was used as the starter for subsequent investigations. Upon raising the pH, all malic acid was completely converted to lactic acid after seven days. The fermented juice was mixed with blackcurrant juice in different proportions. Challenge tests of the blends showed Listeria monocytogenes could not grow in any juice samples, while Candida albicans only grew in the pure blackcurrant juice. Aspergillus brasiliensis growth was delayed in all samples containing benzoic acid in a concentration-dependent manner. The sourness and astringency were substantially reduced in the juice with added L. plantarum compared to the unfermented juice. © 2024 The Authors

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  • 41.
    Berglund, Maria
    et al.
    Hushållningssällskapet Halland, Sweden.
    Mjöfors, Kristina
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Emissionsfaktorer för metan vid gårdsbaserad rötning av stallgödsel och konventionell lagring av flytgödsel2024Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    I Sveriges växthusgasinventering används en nationellt anpassad metod för att skatta metan-emissioner från lagring av flytgödsel och rötning av stallgödsel i gårdsanläggningar (hela rötnings¬processen inklusive lagring av rötrest). Metoden består delvis av nationellt anpassade emissionsfaktorer och parametrar, och delvis av defaultvärden enligt IPCCs riktlinjer. Underlaget som ligger till grund för dagens inventering baseras på nationella emissionsmätningar som visar på högre metanutsläpp för rötad än för orötad gödsel. I växthusgas¬inventering¬en beräknas metanemissionerna från rötad gödsel vara cirka tre gånger högre än från orötad gödsel. Ser man på IPCCs standardvärden för metanemissioner för orötad flytgödsel respektive rötad gödsel så är förhållandet det omvända (IPCC, 2006; 2019). Sveriges nationella emissions¬faktor för orötad flytgödsel är dock väldigt låg i jämförelse med motsvarande värden i IPCCs riktlinjer. Vid denna studies genomgång av den vetenskapliga litteraturen, IPCCs riktlinjer och andra länders växthusgasinventeringar visas stora skillnader mellan emissionsfaktorer för flytgödsel¬lager och lager med rötat gödsel. Det saknas bra bakgrundsstudier om emissionsmätningar från gödsellager, särskilt studier som på ett rättvisande sätt jämför rötad och orötad gödsel. Generellt inom växthusgasinventeringen baseras många emissionsberäkningar på modell¬beräkningar och laboratorieförsök. Här saknas ofta bra dokumentation om modellerna, särskilt om indata och underlaget som använts för att bygga upp ekvationerna. Det görs även i flera fall antaganden som saknar kvalificerade argument, t ex att det inte kan bli några metanemissioner vid lagring av rötad gödsel eller att de måste vara mycket låga. Dessa antaganden kan dessutom ha stort genomslag i resultatet utan att det kommenteras eller problematiseras. Andra typer av referenser, som underlaget till förnybartdirektivet (Giuntoli m fl, 2017), ger inte heller någon extra information som kan ge större förståelse för emissioner från gödselhantering. Sveriges sätt att skatta metanemissioner från konventionell lagring av flytgödsel och lagring av rötad gödsel sticker ut på så sätt att MCF (metankonverteringsfaktorn) för flytgödsel är betydligt lägre än både andra länders nationella MCF och IPCC:s standardvärden medan förhållandet är det omvända för rötad gödsel där Sverige har ett högre MCF-värde. Vad vi kan se finns det stöd för att det är ett rimligt utfall för svenska förhållanden med tanke på vårt kalla klimat och snabba utgödsling från stall. Det är en fördel att Sverige redan har tagit fram egna MCF-värden, och att de baseras på försök och inte enbart på modellberäkningar, laboratorieförsök eller enkla antaganden. Vårt förslag är att Sverige fortsätter använda samma underlag till MCF som används idag, både för orötad och rötad gödsel. Det som kan förbättras i Sveriges underlag är att:

    - Se över B0-värdet för grisgödsel då nuvarande värde bedöms vara för högt. En justering av grisgödselns B0-värde skulle ge lägre skattade metanemissioner, allt annat lika.

    - Se över justeringen av reduktionen av VS och B0 vid rötning av gödsel, vilken bedömts vara underskattad. En högre reduktion av VS och B0 vid rötning av gödsel skulle ge lägre skattade metanemissioner vid rötning av stallgödsel i gårdsanläggningar, allt annat lika.

    - Uppdatera den så kallade Sverigemixen, det vill säga mixen av gödsel som rötas i gårds- och samrötningsanläggningar, så att den följer statistiken från gödselgasstödet och därmed speglar hur gödselmixen förändrats över tid. Säkerställ korrekt omräkning mellan biogasstatistikens uppgifter om mängd rötad gödsel (ton våtvikt) och uppgifter som behövs i växthusgasinventeringen (ton VS i träck). Detta skulle förbättra data-kvaliteten och skattningarna av metanemissioner, särskilt som mixen ändrats över tid och mängden rötad fast- och djupströgödsel ökar.

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  • 42.
    Bergman Bruhn, Å
    et al.
    Dalarna University, Sweden.
    Lindahl, Cecilia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Andersson, I
    Dalarna University, Sweden.
    With the stable as a workplace – about attractive, healthy and sustainable employments in the Swedish equine sector.2022Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 43. Bergman Bruhn, Å
    et al.
    Lindahl, Cecilia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Andersson, Karin
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Abtahi, F
    Forsman, M
    Petters, Frida
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Postural work exposure and ergonomics of riding school employees measured with smart workwear.2024Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 44.
    Bergman Bruhn, Åsa
    et al.
    University Dalarna, Sweden.
    Lindahl, Cecilia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Andersson, Ing-Marie
    University Dalarna, Sweden.
    Safety climate assessment in the equine sector – a study of Swedish riding schools and trotting stables2021Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Background and purpose The equine sector has grown strongly in recent years in Sweden as well as in many European countries. The Swedish equine sector includes a wide variety of activities, e.g. businesses related to breeding, competition, tourism and training, and more non-profit activities such as association-run riding schools and leisure. Work environment issues are a major concern for the sector since it is labor-intensive, and a majority of the work tasks are still performed manually leading to high workloads and physical strain. Furthermore, working with and handling horses is hazardous, and the sector has a relatively high occupational injury rate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety climate at riding schools and trotting stables through the validated Nordic questionnaire on safety climate (NOSACQ-50). Methods The questionnaire, consisting of 50 statements across 7 safety climate dimensions, was handed out to employees at 11 workplaces, six riding schools and five trotting stables. Results and discussion The results are based on data from 62 employees. The analysis of all the participants’ responses showed that one of the seven dimensions, “workers’ safety priority and risk non-acceptance”, needs to be developed in comparison to the other six. Furthermore, the preliminary results indicate that there are differences in the perceived safety climate dependent on working experience of the employee. Some significant differences were also found between riding schools and trotting stables in the dimension “workers trust in the efficacy of safety systems”. Conclusions Understanding the safety climate in the equine sector is a first step to find approaches to enhance safety and in the longer-term increase sustainability in horse-related occupations. The study is part of two joint projects with the aim to improve the work environment in the Swedish equine sector, funded by AFA Insurance and The Swedish-Norwegian Foundation for Equine Research.

  • 45.
    Bergman Bruhn, Åsa
    et al.
    Dalarna University, Sweden.
    Lindahl, Cecilia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Andersson, Ing-Marie
    Dalarna University, Sweden.
    The double-sided nature of lifestyle-oriented work in the Swedish equine industry2021Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The equine industry faces problems in terms of recruitment and retention of employees when it comes to fostering decent working conditions and sustainable employments, despite the obvious advantage of offering a lifestyle-oriented work with the privilege of personal leisure interests. The overall aim is to gain knowledge of how employees in the equine industry – here including riding schools and trotting stables – experience their work and work environment. The study is part of two larger research projects, financed by the Swedish-Norwegian Foundation for Equine Research and AFA Insurance, where the purpose is to, in close collaboration with the equine industry, identify and implement methods and tools for a systematic work environment management. The study includes data from a questionnaire, individual interviews and observations. The results showed that the employees considered their work as one of the most important things in life, that they primarily worked for self-realization and good quality of life and that they perceived their current work both attractive and meaningful. Love of horses, passion for the sport, practical work in an outdoor setting, significant, stimulating and varied tasks as well as workplace relations, are the most important factors for the attractiveness and meaningfulness of the work. Nevertheless, imbalance between work and leisure time as well as high physical workload and lack of adequate equipment challenges the experience of an attractive, meaningful and sustainable work. The experiences differed somewhat between the two groups examined, i.e. employees in riding schools and trotting stables.

  • 46.
    Bergman Bruhn, Åsa
    et al.
    Dalarna University, Sweden.
    Lindahl, Cecilia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Andersson, Ing-Marie
    Dalarna University, Sweden.
    Rosén, Gunnar
    Dalarna University, Sweden.
    Motivational factors for occupational safety and health improvements: A mixed-method study within the Swedish equine sector2023In: Safety Science, ISSN 0925-7535, E-ISSN 1879-1042, Vol. 159, article id 106035Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A well-functioning systematic occupational safety and health management is beneficial for both individuals and organizations, and employee motivation seems to be crucial for positive outcomes. Occupational safety and health issues are a major concern for the Swedish equine sector since the work environment in horse stables is known to be characterized by low mechanization, high physical workloads, and high injury risks. The purpose of this study was to gain an increased understanding of how systematic occupational safety and health management is performed and which factors that influence motivation for occupational safety and health improvements in the Swedish equine sector. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods study, based on quantitative data from questionnaires and qualitative data from semi-structured interviews, was conducted. Various statistical analyses were performed to obtain quantitative data and an abductive applied thematic analysis was applied for the qualitative data. The results indicate that both intrinsic motivators, i.e. attitudes, values, and influence, as well as contextual factors such as motivational management, occupational culture, and workplace resources, influence compliance in systematic occupational safety and health management and participation in occupational safety and health improvements, which in turn affect workplace outcomes regarding safety and health. The positive relationship found between an implemented and functioning systematic occupational safety and health management and employee motivation for occupational safety and health improvements indicate the importance of employee involvement and participation. Understanding the motivational factors for occupational safety and health improvements from an employee perspective is an important step to creating healthy and sustainable workplaces.

  • 47.
    Bergman Bruhn, Åsa
    et al.
    Dalarna University, Sweden.
    Lindahl, Cecilia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Andersson, Karin
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Abtahi, Farhad
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Forsman, Mikael
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Ergonomi och arbetsställningar hos anställda på ridskolor: en ny mätmetod med smarta arbetskläder2024Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 48.
    Bergman Bruhn, Åsa
    et al.
    Dalarna University, Sweden.
    Rydell, Alexis
    Dalarna University, Sweden.
    Andersson, Ing-Marie
    Dalarna University, Sweden.
    Lindahl, Cecilia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Med stallet som arbetsplats: om attraktivt arbete i hästnäringen2020In: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv, ISSN 1400-9692, E-ISSN 2002-343X, Vol. 26Article in journal (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Tidigare studier har visat att det finns både utmaningar och brister gällande arbetsmiljö och arbetsförhållanden inom hästnäringen. Syftet med den här artikeln är att identifiera hur anställda i hästnäringen upplever sitt nuvarande arbete och vilka faktorer de anser vara viktiga för att ett arbete ska upplevas som attraktivt, samt att undersöka skillnader mellan det nuvarande arbetet och anställdas idealbild av ett attraktivt arbete. Studien baseras på en enkätundersökning med sammantaget 150 svar från anställda i travstall och ridskolor. I artikeln diskuteras utmaningar och möjligheter för att skapa attraktiva arbeten i hästnäringen.

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  • 49.
    Bergman, Kristina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Henriksson, Patrik
    Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden; Stockholm University, Sweden; Worldfish, Malaysia.
    Hornborg, Sara
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Troell, Max
    Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden; Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Borthwick, Louisa
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Jonell, Malin
    Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden; Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Philis, Gaspard
    NTNU, Norway.
    Ziegler, Friederike
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Recirculating Aquaculture Is Possible without Major Energy Tradeoff: Life Cycle Assessment of Warmwater Fish Farming in Sweden2020In: Environmental Science and Technology, ISSN 0013-936X, E-ISSN 1520-5851, Vol. 54, no 24, p. 16062-16070Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Seafood is seen as promising for more sustainable diets. The increasing production in land-based closed Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RASs) has overcome many local environmental challenges with traditional open net-pen systems such as eutrophication. The energy needed to maintain suitable water quality, with associated emissions, has however been seen as challenging from a global perspective. This study uses Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to investigate the environmental performance and improvement potentials of a commercial RAS farm of tilapia and Clarias in Sweden. The environmental impact categories and indicators considered were freshwater eutrophication, climate change, energy demand, land use, and dependency on animal-source feed inputs per kg of fillet. We found that feed production contributed most to all environmental impacts (between 67 and 98%) except for energy demand for tilapia, contradicting previous findings that farm-level energy use is a driver of environmental pressures. The main improvement potentials include improved by-product utilization and use of a larger proportion of plant-based feed ingredients. Together with further smaller improvement potential identified, this suggests that RASs may play a more important role in a future, environmentally sustainable food system.

  • 50.
    Bergman, Kristina
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Woodhouse, Anna
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Langeland, Markus
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food. SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Vidakovic, Aleksandar
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Alriksson, Björn
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Biorefinery and Energy.
    Hornborg, Sara
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Environmental and biodiversity performance of a novel single cell protein for rainbow trout feed2024In: Science of the Total Environment, ISSN 0048-9697, E-ISSN 1879-1026, Vol. 907, article id 168018Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Seafood has an important role to play to achieve a sustainable food system that provides healthy food to a growing world population. Future seafood production will be increasingly reliant on aquaculture where feed innovation is essential to reduce environmental impacts and minimize feed and food competition. This study aimed to investigate whether a novel single cell protein feed ingredient based on Paecilomyces variotii grown on a side stream from the forest industry could improve environmental sustainability of farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by replacing the soy protein concentrate used today. A Life Cycle Assessment including commonly addressed impacts but also the rarely assessed biodiversity impacts was performed. Furthermore, feeding trials were included for potential effects on fish growth, i.e., an assessment of the environmental impacts for the functional unit ‘kg feed required to produce 1 kg live-weight rainbow trout’. Results showed that the best experimental diet containing P. variotii performed 16–73 % better than the control diet containing soy protein concentrate in all impact categories except for energy demand (21 % higher impact). The largest environmental benefits from replacing soy protein with P. variotii in rainbow trout diets was a 73 % reduction of impact on biodiversity and halved greenhouse gas emissions. The findings have high relevance for the aquaculture industry as the production scale and feed composition was comparable to commercial operations and because the effect on fish growth from inclusion of the novel ingredient in a complete diet was evaluated. The results on biodiversity loss from land use change and exploitation through fishing suggest that fishery can dominate impacts and exclusion thereof can greatly underestimate biodiversity impact. Finally, a novel feed ingredient grown on side streams from the forest industry has potential to add to food security through decreasing the dependence on increasingly scarce agricultural land resources. 

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