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  • 1.
    Achtel, Christian
    et al.
    Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany.
    Jedvert, Kerstin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF. Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany.
    Kosan, Birgit
    TITK Thuringian Institute of Textile and Plastics Research, Germany.
    Seoud, Omar. A.El
    University of São Paulo, Brazil.
    Heinze, Thomas
    Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany.
    Dissolution capacity of novel cellulose solvents based on triethyloctylammonium chloride2017In: Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, ISSN 1022-1352, E-ISSN 1521-3935, Vol. 218, no 21, article id 1700208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dissolution of cellulose from various sources (microcrystalline cellulose and different dissolving grade pulp fibers) is investigated in solvent systems based on triethyl(n-octyl)ammonium chloride (N2228Cl). Clear cellulose solutions are obtained with N2228Cl in a variety of solvents, e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and acetone. It is possible to prepare clear cellulose solutions from pulp fibers with concentrations up to 15 wt%. However, it is found that the cellulose is degraded, especially when neat (i.e., molten) N2228Cl is used as a solvent. The present work includes comprehensive rheological characterization of the cellulose solutions, both with shear and extensional rheology. In most cases, the viscosity values are low (complex viscosities below 100 Pa s for 5–10 wt% dissolved cellulose), and the solutions show more Newtonian than viscoelastic behavior. 

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  • 2.
    Achtel, Christian
    et al.
    Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.
    Jedvert, Kerstin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Kostag, Marc
    University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    El Seoud, Omar A.
    University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
    Heinze, Thomas
    Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.
    Surprising Insensitivity of Homogeneous Acetylation of Cellulose Dissolved in Triethyl(n-octyl)ammonium Chloride/Molecular Solvent on the Solvent Polarity2018In: Macromolecular materials and engineering, ISSN 1438-7492, E-ISSN 1439-2054, Vol. 303, no 5Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The homogeneous acetylation of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride in triethyl(n-octyl)ammonium chloride (N2228Cl)/molecular solvents (MSs) is investigated. The reaction with both acylating agents shows the expected increase of the degree of substitution (DS) on reaction temperature and time. Under comparable reaction conditions, however, DS is surprisingly little dependent on the MS employed, although the MSs differ in empirical polarity by 7 kcal mol−1 as calculated by use of solvatochromic probes. The empirical polarities of (MCC + N2228Cl + MS) differ only by 0.8 kcal mol−1. The formation a polar electrolyte sheath around cellulose chains presumably contributes to this “leveling-off” of the dependence DS on the polarity of the parent MS employed. N2228Cl recovery and recycling is feasible. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

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  • 3.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF, Keramer.
    Zirconia in applications with bone contact2016Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Lyckfeldt, Ola
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Johansson, Emil
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Visible-Light Curable Ceramic Suspensions for Additive Manufacturing of Dense Ceramic Parts2016Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Shen, James Zhijian
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Defect Minimization in Prosthetic Ceramics2014In: Advanced Ceramics for Dentistry, Elsevier Inc. , 2014, p. 359-373Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mechanical reliability and aesthetic appearance of ceramic dental prostheses are strongly influenced by the presence of defects. When several processes are used during fabrication of ceramic dental prostheses, additional defects are unavoidably introduced in each process step; these are in addition to the ones that already exist in raw materials. To avoid the degeneration of material performance by the accumulated defect population, process optimization is needed to minimize the defects introduced. Standardized mechanical evaluations are usually performed on samples with carefully prepared surfaces in order to minimize the influence from the defects usually induced by fabrication processes. The results from such mechanical evaluation indicate the strength level that is achievable by the material with the given population of bulk defects. In order to avoid a reduction in the performance of the ceramic material by the additional defects normally induced by the fabrication process, it must be understood how these defects are introduced, and solutions must be found to reduce their size and frequency through modifications of the material and processes. The aim of this chapter is to elucidate the sources of defects that are common for ceramic dental prostheses and to determine how to minimize them.

  • 6.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Shen, James Zhijian
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Effects of granule density on strength and granule related defects in zirconia2012In: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, ISSN 0955-2219, E-ISSN 1873-619X, Vol. 32, no 11, p. 2653-2659Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A suspension of zirconia powder (TZ3YSE) with a solids loading of 50. vol% was prepared by ball milling. Binders were added and some of the suspension was diluted to 40, 30 and 20. vol% before freeze granulation was performed. A spray dried material (TZ3YSEB) was used as a reference. The pore size distribution of the different granules was evaluated and from the microstructure it was shown that inhomogeneities were present in both the freeze granulated as well as in the spray dried granules. In addition, the density, microstructure as well as the strength of sintered materials prepared from the granules were studied. The results showed that a high green density or sintered density was not sufficient in order to achieve a high strength material. It was further shown that the strength was significantly influenced by the granule density and not by the inhomogeneities found in the granules.

  • 7.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Tönnäng, Lenny
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    The effect of softmachining parameters on the mechanical strength of zirconia2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Venturini, Francesca
    ZHAW School of Engineering, Switzerland.
    Schönherr, Veit
    ZHAW School of Engineering, Switzerland .
    Rey, Julien
    ZHAW School of Engineering, Switzerland .
    Characterization oflight-gas interaction in strongly-scattering nanoporous materials and itsimplications for tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy2016In: Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, 2016, Vol. 123, p. 123-136Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Through the confinement of gas in nanoporous materials, it is possible to significantly increase the path length for light–gas interaction. This enables the observation of much stronger absorption features for the confined gas molecules. In this work, we systematically characterized a variety of disordered strongly scattering ZrO2 and Al2O3 nanoporous ceramic materials to exploit the potential of gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy. As a result, we identified a material with an unprecedented performance in terms of optical path length enhancement. In ZrO2 with thicknesses above 6 mm, the path enhancement exceeds 1000. The results obtained with near-infrared absorption spectroscopy on oxygen were validated by time-of-flight measurements at 700 nm, thus demonstrating their robustness. Finally, we report quantitative oxygen concentration measurement using nanoporous materials as miniaturized random-scattering multipass cell with an extremely simple and low-cost setup.

  • 9.
    Akbari, Saaed
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Lövberg, Andreas
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Tegehall, Per-Erik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Brinkfeldt, Klas
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Andersson, Dag
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Effect of PCB cracks on thermal cycling reliability of passive microelectronic components with single-grained solder joints2019In: Microelectronics and reliability, ISSN 0026-2714, E-ISSN 1872-941X, Vol. 93, p. 61-71Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lead-free tin-based solder joints often have a single-grained structure with random orientation and highly anisotropic properties. These alloys are typically stiffer than lead-based solders, hence transfer more stress to printed circuit boards (PCBs) during thermal cycling. This may lead to cracking of the PCB laminate close to the solder joints, which could increase the PCB flexibility, alleviate strain on the solder joints, and thereby enhance the solder fatigue life. If this happens during accelerated thermal cycling it may result in overestimating the lifetime of solder joints in field conditions. In this study, the grain structure of SAC305 solder joints connecting ceramic resistors to PCBs was studied using polarized light microscopy and was found to be mostly single-grained. After thermal cycling, cracks were observed in the PCB under the solder joints. These cracks were likely formed at the early stages of thermal cycling prior to damage initiation in the solder. A finite element model incorporating temperature-dependant anisotropic thermal and mechanical properties of single-grained solder joints is developed to study these observations in detail. The model is able to predict the location of damage initiation in the PCB and the solder joints of ceramic resistors with reasonable accuracy. It also shows that the PCB cracks of even very small lengths may significantly reduce accumulated creep strain and creep work in the solder joints. The proposed model is also able to evaluate the influence of solder anisotropy on damage evolution in the neighbouring (opposite) solder joints of a ceramic resistor.

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  • 10.
    Akbari, Saeed
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Sakhaei, A. H.
    Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore; University of Exeter, UK.
    Panjwani, S.
    Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore.
    Kowsari, K.
    Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore.
    Serjourei, A.
    Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore.
    Ge, Q.
    Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore.
    Multimaterial 3D Printed Soft Actuators Powered by Shape Memory Alloy Wires2019In: Sensors and Actuators A-Physical, ISSN 0924-4247, E-ISSN 1873-3069, Vol. 290, p. 177-189Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been widely used to fabricate soft actuators by embedding SMA wires into various soft matrices manufactured by conventional moulding methods or novel three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques. However, soft matrices of SMA based actuators are typically fabricated from only one or two different materials. Here, we exploit the great manufacturing flexibility of multimaterial 3D printing to fabricate various bending, twisting and extensional actuators by precisely controlling the spatial arrangements of different printing materials with different stiffnesses. In order to achieve a broad range of deformations, ten different printing materials were characterized and used in the actuators design. In addition, we developed a finite element model to simulate complex deformations of the printed actuators and facilitate the design process. The model incorporates a user defined material subroutine that describes the nonlinear temperature dependant behavior of SMAs. The results show the efficiency and flexibility of multimaterial 3D printing in tailoring the deformed shape of the SMA based soft actuators, which cannot be accomplished using conventional manufacturing methods such as moulding.

  • 11.
    Akesson, D.
    et al.
    University of Borås.
    Skrifvars, M.
    University of Borås.
    Walkenström, Pernilla
    RISE, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Preparation of thermoset composites from natural fibres and acrylate modified soybean oil resins2009In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 114, no 4, p. 2502-2508Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Structural composites with a high content of renewable material were produced from natural fibres and an acrylated epoxidized soybean oil resin. Composites were prepared by spray impregnation followed by compression moulding at elevated temperature. The resulting composites had good mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength and flexural strength. Tensile testing as well as dynamical mechanical thermal analysis showed that increasing the fibre content, increased the mechanical properties. The resin can be reinforced with up to 70 wt % fibre without sacrifice in processability. The tensile modulus ranged between 5.8 and 9.7 GPa depending on the type of fibre mat. The study of the adhesion by low vacuum scanning electron microscopy shows that the fibres are well impregnated in the matrix. The aging properties were finally evaluated. This study shows that composites with a very high content of renewable constituents can be produced from soy bean oil resins and natural fibres. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  • 12.
    Albinsson, Ola
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Lundevall, Åsa
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Sehati, Parisa
    Linköpings universitet.
    Stålhanske, Christina
    RISE.
    Sundberg, P
    Mattsson, Lards-Göran
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology .
    Sjövall, Peter
    Rise.
    The influence of surface composition and plasma treatment on adhesion2015In: Proceedings of GPD Glass Performance Days 2015, 2015, p. 11-14Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 13. Almström, Peter
    et al.
    Andersson, Carin
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Ericsson Öberg, Anna
    Hammersberg, Peter
    Kurdve, Martin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Landström, Anna
    Shahbazi, Sasha
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Wiktorsson, Magnus
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Windmark, Christina
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Winroth, Mats
    Zackrisson, Mats
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF, Energi och miljö.
    Sustainable and Resource Efficient Business Performance Measurement Systems: - The Handbook2017Report (Other academic)
  • 14.
    Alt Murphy, Margit
    et al.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Bergquist, Filip
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Hagström, Bengt
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Hernández, Niina
    University of Borås, Sweden.
    Johansson, Dongni
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ohlsson, Fredrik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, ICT, Acreo.
    Sandsjö, Leif
    University of Borås, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Wipenmyr, Jan
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, ICT, Acreo.
    Malmgren, Kristina
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.
    An upper body garment with integrated sensors for people with neurological disorders – early development and evaluation2019In: BMC Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 1, article id 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background

    In neurology and rehabilitation the primary interest for using wearables is to supplement traditional patient assessment and monitoring in hospital settings with continuous data collection at home and in community settings. The aim of this project was to develop a novel wearable garment with integrated sensors designed for continuous monitoring of physiological and movement related variables to evaluate progression, tailor treatments and improve diagnosis in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease and stroke.

    Methods

    In this paper the early development and evaluation of a prototype designed to monitor movements and heart rate is described. An iterative development process and evaluation of an upper body garment with integrated sensors included: identification of user needs, specification of technical and garment requirements, garment development and production as well as evaluation of garment design, functionality and usability. The project is a multidisciplinary collaboration with experts from medical, engineering, textile, and material science within the wearITmed consortium. The work was organized in regular meetings, task groups and hands-on workshops. User needs were identified using results from a mixed-methods systematic review, a focus group study and expert groups. Usability was evaluated in 19 individuals (13 controls, 6 patients with Parkinson’s disease) using semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis.

    Results

    The garment was well accepted by the users regarding design and comfort, although the users were cautious about the technology and suggested improvements. All electronic components passed a washability test. The most robust data was obtained from accelerometer and gyroscope sensors while the electrodes for heart rate registration were sensitive to motion artefacts. The algorithm development within the wearITmed consortium has shown promising results.

    Conclusions

    The prototype was accepted by the users. Technical improvements are needed, but preliminary data indicate that the garment has potential to be used as a tool for diagnosis and treatment selection and could provide added value for monitoring seizures in epilepsy, fluctuations in PD and activity levels in stroke. Future work aims to improve the prototype further, develop algorithms, and evaluate the functionality and usability in targeted patient groups. The potential of incorporating blood pressure and heart-rate variability monitoring will also be explored.

  • 15.
    Altmann, Brigitte
    et al.
    University of Freiburg, Germany.
    Karygianni, Lamprini
    University of Freiburg, Germany.
    Al-Ahmad, Ali
    University of Freiburg, Germany.
    Butz, Frank
    University of Freiburg, Germany.
    Bächle, Maria
    University of Freiburg, Germany.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Fürderer, Tobias
    Courtois, Nicolas
    Palmero, Paola
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
    Follo, Marie
    University of Freiburg, Germany.
    Chevalier, Jérôme
    Université de Lyon, France.
    Steinberg, Thorsten
    University of Freiburg, Germany.
    Kohal, Ralf Joachim
    University of Freiburg, Germany.
    Assessment of Novel Long-Lasting Ceria-Stabilized Zirconia-Based Ceramics with Different Surface Topographies as Implant Materials2017In: Advanced Functional Materials, ISSN 1616-301X, E-ISSN 1616-3028, Vol. 27, no 40, article id 1702512Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of long-lasting zirconia-based ceramics for implants, which are not prone to hydrothermal aging, is not satisfactorily solved. Therefore, this study is conceived as an overall evaluation screening of novel ceria-stabilized zirconia-alumina-aluminate composite ceramics (ZA8Sr8-Ce11) with different surface topographies for use in clinical applications. Ceria-stabilized zirconia is chosen as the matrix for the composite material, due to its lower susceptibility to aging than yttria-stabilized zirconia (3Y-TZP). This assessment is carried out on three preclinical investigation levels, indicating an overall biocompatibility of ceria-stabilized zirconia-based ceramics, both in vitro and in vivo. Long-term attachment and mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition of primary osteoblasts are the most distinct on porous ZA8Sr8-Ce11p surfaces, while ECM attachment on 3Y-TZP and ZA8Sr8-Ce11 with compact surface texture is poor. In this regard, the animal study confirms the porous ZA8Sr8-Ce11p to be the most favorable material, showing the highest bone-to-implant contact values and implant stability post implantation in comparison with control groups. Moreover, the microbiological evaluation reveals no favoritism of biofilm formation on the porous ZA8Sr8-Ce11p when compared to a smooth control surface. Hence, together with the in vitro in vivo assessment analogy, the promising clinical potential of this novel ZA8Sr8-Ce11 as an implant material is demonstrated. 

  • 16.
    Altmann, Brigitte
    et al.
    University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
    Rabel, Kerstin
    University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
    Kohal, Ralf J.
    University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
    Proksch, Susanne
    University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
    Tomakidi, Pascal
    University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Bernsmann, Falk
    NTTF Coatings GmbH, Germany.
    Palmero, Paola
    Politecnico di Torino, Italy.
    Fürderer, Tobias
    MOESCHTER GROUP Holding GmbH, Germany.
    Steinberg, Thorsten
    University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany.
    Cellular transcriptional response to zirconia-based implant materials2017In: Dental Materials, ISSN 0109-5641, E-ISSN 1879-0097, Vol. 33, no 2, p. 241-255Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Objective To adequately address clinically important issues such as osseointegration and soft tissue integration, we screened for the direct biological cell response by culturing human osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts on novel zirconia-based dental implant biomaterials and subjecting them to transcriptional analysis. Methods Biomaterials used for osteoblasts involved micro-roughened surfaces made of a new type of ceria-stabilized zirconia composite with two different topographies, zirconium dioxide, and yttria-stabilized zirconia (control). For fibroblasts smooth ceria- and yttria-stabilized zirconia surface were used. The expression of 90 issue-relevant genes was determined on mRNA transcription level by real-time PCR Array technology after growth periods of 1 and 7 days. Results Generally, modulation of gene transcription exhibited a dual dependence, first by time and second by the biomaterial, whereas biomaterial-triggered changes were predominantly caused by the biomaterials’ chemistry rather than surface topography. Per se, modulated genes assigned to regenerative tissue processes such as fracture healing and wound healing and in detail included colony stimulating factors (CSF2 and CSF3), growth factors, which regulate bone matrix properties (e.g. BMP3 and TGFB1), osteogenic BMPs (BMP2/4/6/7) and transcription factors (RUNX2 and SP7), matrix collagens and osteocalcin, laminins as well as integrin ß1 and MMP-2. Significance With respect to the biomaterials under study, the screening showed that a new zirconia-based composite stabilized with ceria may be promising to provide clinically desired periodontal tissue integration. Moreover, by detecting biomarkers modulated in a time- and/or biomaterial-dependent manner, we identified candidate genes for the targeted analysis of cell-implant bioresponse during biomaterial research and development.

  • 17.
    Andersson, Dag
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Brinkfeldt, Klas
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Simulations and Fabrication of a SiC-Based Power Module with Double SidedCooling: in Proceedings of the IMAPS Nordic Annual Conference 20152015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 18.
    Andersson, Dag
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Brinkfeldt, Klas
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Nord, Stefan
    Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Sweden.
    Ottosson, Jonas
    Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Sweden.
    Lampic, Gorazd
    Elaphe Propulsion Technologies Ltd, Slovenia.
    Gotovac, Gorazd
    Elaphe Propulsion Technologies Ltd, Slovenia.
    Zschieschang, Olaf
    Fairchild Semiconductor GmbH, Germany.
    Baumgartel, Hauke
    Hella Fahrzeugkomponenten GmbH, Germany.
    Brusius, Matthias
    Sensitec GmbH, Germany.
    Kaulfersch, Eberhard
    Berliner Nanotest und Design GmbH, Germany.
    Hilpert, Florian
    Fraunhofer IISB, Germany.
    Otto, Alexander
    Fraunhofer ENAS, Germany.
    Frankeser, Sophia
    Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany.
    COSIVU - Compact, smart and reliable drive unit for fully electric vehicles2016In: 2016 Pan Pacific Microelectronics Symposium (Pan Pacific), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2016, article id 7428413Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    COSIVU is a three year collaborative research project that ended in September 2015 and which has been funded within the European Green Car Initiative (now the European Green Vehicle Initiative). COSIVU addresses one of the most critical technical parts in fully electrical vehicles (FEV) besides the energy storage system: the mechatronic drive-train unit. The COSIVU project has delivered a new system architecture for multiple wheel drive-trains by a smart, compact and durable single-wheel drive unit with integrated electric motor, full silicon carbide (SiC) power electronics (switches and diodes), a novel control and health monitoring module with wireless communication, and an advanced ultra-compact cooling solution. DfR utilizing FEM simulations ensures first time right solutions. This paper presents the main results including the architecture of the drive train solution as well as the modular design of the inverter based on Inverter Building Blocks, one per phase. Performance tests are presented here for the first time for both the heavy duty commercial vehicle solution performed in a test rig by Volvo, and the tests of the COSIVU solution adapted to a passenger car done by Elaphe.

  • 19.
    Andersson, Dag
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Carlström, Elis
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Orlenius, Jessica
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Zackrisson, Mats
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Avellán, Lars
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    LCA as a Strategic Tool for Technology Development – Li Ion Battery Case2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 20.
    Andersson, Dag
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Grönqvist, Hans
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Mayora, Kipa
    Arrasate-Mondragón, Spain.
    Tijero, Maria
    Arrasate-Mondragón, Spain.
    Voirin, Guy
    CSEM SA, Switzerland.
    Steinke, Arndt
    CiS Forschungsinstitut für Mikrosensorik GmbH, Germany.
    Albrecht, Andreas
    CiS Forschungsinstitut für Mikrosensorik GmbH, Germany.
    Wunscher, Heike
    CiS Forschungsinstitut für Mikrosensorik GmbH, Germany.
    Frank, Thomas
    CiS Forschungsinstitut für Mikrosensorik GmbH, Germany.
    Moore, Eric
    Tyndall Institute, Ireland.
    Wang, Yineng
    Tyndall Institute, Ireland.
    Cao, Xi
    Tyndall Institute, Ireland.
    Vazquez, Patricia
    Tyndall Institute, Ireland.
    Hogan, Anna
    Tyndall Institute, Ireland.
    Belcastro, Marco
    Tyndall Institute, Ireland.
    Billat, Sophie
    Hahn Schickard Villingen, Germany.
    Karmann, Stephan
    Hahn Schickard Villingen, Germany.
    Gunzler, Rainer
    Hahn Schickard Villingen, Germany.
    Weiler, Petra
    VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH, Germany.
    Smart access to small lot manufacturing for systems integration2018In: 2018 Pan Pacific Microelectronics Symposium, Pan Pacific 2018, 2018, p. 1-9Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The three year EU project SMARTER-SI that ends in January 2018 has tested a new concept for small lot manufacturing for SMEs which we call the Cooperative Foundry Model (CFM). During previous research, all RTOs have completed building blocks, i.e. components or parts of systems which are readily available and characterized by their high Technology Readiness Level (TRL). These building blocks are combined and integrated in so-called Application Experiments (AEs), thereby creating innovative Smart Systems that serve the SMEs' needs. Four pre defined AEs have been presented before [1] and in this paper, six additional AEs will be presented: i) a smart sensor for pneumatic combined clutch and brakes, ii) smart well plates for tissue engineering integrating continuous, non-invasive TEER iii) microclimate sensor for moisture applications, iv) LTCC-Si-Pressure Sensor, v) miniaturized capillary electrophoresis system for bio analysis, and vi) a MEMS sensor module for respiratory applications. Finally, a brief description of ongoing standardization efforts is presented.

  • 21.
    Andersson, Dag
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Nilsson, Erik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Wetter, Göran
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Interconnection of electrically conductive fibersfor application in smart textiles2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 22.
    Andersson, Dag
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Tegehall, Per-Erik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Wetter, Göran
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    The impact of conformal coatings on the environmental protection of PCBassemblies and the reliability of solder joints2018Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 23.
    Andersson, Dag
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Weiler, Petra
    VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH, Germany.
    Mayora, Kepa
    IK4-Ikerlan, Spain.
    Kunze, Michael
    Hahn Schickard, Germany.
    Günzler, Rainer
    Hahn Schickard, Germany.
    Karmann, Stephan
    Hahn Schickard, Germany.
    Steinke, Arndt
    CiS Forschungsinstitut für Mikrosensorik GmbH, Germany.
    Winzer, Andreas
    CiS Forschungsinstitut für Mikrosensorik GmbH, Germany.
    Thronicke, Nicole
    CiS Forschungsinstitut für Mikrosensorik GmbH, Germany.
    Vazquez, Patricia
    Tyndall Institute, Ireland.
    Felemban, Shifa
    Tyndall Institute, Ireland.
    Moore, Eric
    Tyndall Institute, Ireland.
    Voirin, Guy
    CSEM SA, Switzerland.
    Scolan, Emmanuel
    CSEM SA, Switzerland.
    Smadja, Rita
    CSEM SA, Switzerland.
    SMARTER-SI - Smart access to manufacturing for Systems Integration2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The three year EU project SMARTER-SI that started in February 2015 has developed and tested a new production platform for smart systems that offer SMEs and “mid-cap” companies help to manufacture small and medium volumes. The ultimate goal of this project is to test a new concept for small lot production, which we call the Cooperative Foundry Model (CFM). The CFM is tested by combining components or parts of systems (building blocks) already developed by the RTOs involved in the project in so-called Application Experiments (AEs), thereby creating innovative Smart Systems which serve SMEs' product needs. During the first two years, four predefined AEs have been developed that consist of i) a multi-parametric point of care testing (POCT) device, ii) a dew-point measurement system, iii) a CO2 measurement system, and iv) a portable device that can be used to screen water quality.

  • 24.
    Andersson, Mattias
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Oxfall, Henrik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Nilsson, Camilla
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Mapping and Evaluation of some Restricted Chemical Substances in Recycled Plastics Originating from ELV and WEEE Collected in Europe2019Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Recycling of plastics is a critical step toward the realisation of a sustainable society. Plastic is a fitting material to recycle, as it often can easily be melted and formed into new products. Plastic recycling is therefore an easy process with pure plastics, however, most of the plastics that are recycled today are not pure and contain additives and/or impurities. Some of these additives can be hazardous substances that could be harmful for both humans and the environment. It is therefore important that these hazardous substances are not recycled and transferred into new products. To ensure a safe use of plastics, these substances are today regulated in new products, but old products could still contain these substances (legacy chemicals). To comply with legislation it is therefore critical that these substances are removed during the recycling process. There are however many hazardous substances that are yet not regulated, which may also be present in products and therefore recycled material. 

    Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment (WEEE) and End-of-Life Vehicles (ELV) are two of the materials streams that contains a high amount of legacy chemicals. These streams have been associated with spreading legacy chemicals after recycling. In several reports WEEE plastics have been identified as the source of brominated flame retardants (BRF) found in toys and everyday items. According to the EU regulation the use of certain BFRs is not permitted in new products or articles above a certain value. Recyclers and resellers of the recycled plastic often specified that the products should not be used in toys, medical equipment of food contact application, yet BFRs from WEEE can still be found in these products. This could mean that either producers that use recycled material in new products do not follow the recommendations from the recyclers, or that the recycled material does not fulfil the regulations. Another possibility for the findings of legacy chemicals in these items could be a meagre follow-up on imported plastics.

    In this study the Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE) has, on behalf of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Naturvårdsverket), investigated the content of legacy chemicals in recycled plastics that have been processed in a recycling facility. The plastics originated from WEEE and ELV and have been gathered from recyclers across Europe. A number of different legacy chemicals were investigated, both inorganic (Cd, Pb, Hg) and organic substances (flame retardants and plasticisers). To simulate a real case scenario and to get better measurement accuracy, all samples were injection moulded. The analysis of the samples was performed using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and Gas chromatography with a Mass spectrometer (GC-MS). All the processing and analysis (except for SCCP/MCCP)) were done by RISE which gives good control over the analysis process, which are important when interpreting the results. In total 54 samples of PE, PP, ABS and PS, were gathered and tested. It was found that all but two samples contained legacy chemicals below the regulated values. The two samples that did not meet the legal limit had a HBCDD content above 100 ppm. All the tested materials contained detectable amounts of bromine, and 15 samples contained detectable amounts of regulated BFRs. None of the detected regulated BRFs were above 186 ppm.  Most of the materials also contained detectable amounts of cadmium and lead.

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  • 25.
    Andersson Trojer, Markus
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF. Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Germany.
    Ananievskaia, Anna
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gabul-Zada, Asvad A.
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nordstierna, Lars
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Blanck, Hans
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Polymer Core-Polymer Shell Particle Formation Enabled by Ultralow Interfacial Tension Via Internal Phase Separation: Morphology Prediction Using the Van Oss Formalism2018In: Colloid and Interface Science Communications, ISSN 2215-0382, Vol. 25, p. 36-40Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The internal phase separation technique is a versatile method for liquid core-polymer shell formation, yet limited to very hydrophobic core materials and actives. The use of polymeric cores instead circumvents this restriction due to the absent mixing entropy for binary polymer mixtures which allows the polymeric core (and the active) to approach the polarity of the shell. Polystyrene core-shell and janus particles were formulated using polymethylmethacrylate, poly(lactic acid), poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), poly(ε-caprolactone) or cellulose triacetate as shell-forming polymers. The morphology and the partitioning was experimentally determined by selectively staining the core and the shell with β-carotene and methylene blue respectively. In addition, the van Oss formalism was introduced to theoretically predict the thermodynamic equilibrium morphology. As elucidated using the theoretical predictions as well as experimental optical tensiometry, it was found that the driving force for core-shell morphology is, in contrast to liquid core-polymer shell particles, a low core-shell interfacial tension.

  • 26.
    Andersson Trojer, Markus
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF. Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Germany.
    Andersson, Mats
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden; Flinders University, Australia.
    Bergenholtz, Johan
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Gatenholm, Paul
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Quantitative Grafting for Structure-Function Establishment: Thermoresponsive Poly(alkylene oxide) Graft Copolymers Based on Hyaluronic Acid and Carboxymethylcellulose2019In: Biomacromolecules, ISSN 1525-7797, E-ISSN 1526-4602, Vol. 20, no 3, p. 1271-1280Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A series of thermoresponsive graft copolymers, gelling at physiological conditions in aqueous solution and cell growth media, have been synthesized using quantitative coupling between a small set of amino-functionalized poly(alkylene oxide) copolymers (PAO) and the carboxylate of the biologically important polysaccharides (PSa) carboxymethylcellulose and the less reactive hyaluronate. Quantitative grafting enables the establishment of structure-function relationship which is imperative for controlling the properties of in situ gelling hydrogels. The EDC/NHS-mediated reaction was monitored using SEC-MALLS, which revealed that all PAOs were grafted onto the PSa backbone. Aqueous solutions of the graft copolymers were Newtonian fluids at room temperatures and formed reversible physical gels at elevated temperatures which were noncytotoxic toward chondrocytes. The established structure-function relationship was most clearly demonstrated by inspecting the thermogelling strength and the onset of thermogelling in a phase diagram. The onset of the thermogelling function could be controlled by the global PAO concentration, independent of graft ratio.

  • 27.
    Andersson Trojer, Markus
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF. Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Germany.
    Gabul-Zada, Asvad
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Ananievskaia, Anna
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Nordstierna, Lars
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Östman, Marcus
    Umeå University, Sweden.
    Blanck, Hans
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Use of anchoring amphiphilic diblock copolymers for encapsulation of hydrophilic actives in polymeric microcapsules: methodology and encapsulation efficiency2019In: Colloid and Polymer Science, ISSN 0303-402X, E-ISSN 1435-1536, Vol. 297, no 2, p. 307-313Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aqueous core-shell particles based on polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate) or polycaprolactone have been formulated using a facile double emulsion-based solvent evaporation method. The size distribution is narrow, and the morphology control is remarkable given the simple characteristics of the encapsulation method. The inner droplets are stabilized by oil-soluble poly(ethylene oxide)-based block copolymers which are anchored in the polymeric shell by using hydrophobic blocks of the same type as that of the shell-forming polymer. This facilitates the efficient encapsulation of dyes and hydrophilic biocides. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

  • 28.
    Andersson Trojer, Markus
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Olsson, Carina
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Bengtsson, Jenny
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Hedlund, Arthur
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Bordes, Romain
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Directed self-assembly of silica nanoparticles in ionic liquid-spun cellulose fibers.2019In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, ISSN 0021-9797, E-ISSN 1095-7103, Vol. 553, p. 167-176, article id S0021-9797(19)30648-4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The application range of man-made cellulosic fibers is limited by the absence of cost- and manufacturing-efficient strategies for anisotropic hierarchical functionalization. Overcoming these bottlenecks is therefore pivotal in the pursuit of a future bio-based economy. Here, we demonstrate that colloidal silica nanoparticles (NPs), which are cheap, biocompatible and easy to chemically modify, enable the control of the cross-sectional morphology and surface topography of ionic liquid-spun cellulose fibers. These properties are tailored by the silica NPs' surface chemistry and their entry point during the wet-spinning process (dope solution DSiO2 or coagulation bath CSiO2). For CSiO2-modified fibers, the coagulation mitigator dimethylsulphoxide allows for controlling the surface topography and the amalgamation of the silica NPs into the fiber matrix. For dope-modified fibers, we hypothesize that cellulose chains act as seeds for directed silica NP self-assembly. This results for DSiO2 in discrete micron-sized rods, homogeneously distributed throughout the fiber and for glycidoxy-surface modified DSiO2@GLYEO in nano-sized surface aggregates and a cross-sectional core-shell fiber morphology. Furthermore, the dope-modified fibers display outstanding strength and toughness, which are both characteristic features of biological biocomposites.

  • 29.
    Anderud, Jonas
    et al.
    Malmö University, Sweden; Region Halland, Sweden.
    Abrahamsson, Peter
    Region Halland, Sweden.
    Jimbo, Ryo
    Malmö University, Sweden.
    Isaksson, Sten
    Region Halland, Sweden.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Malmström, Johan
    Region Halland, Sweden.
    Naito, Yoshihito
    University of Tokushima, Japan.
    Wennerberg, Ann
    Malmö University, Sweden.
    Guided bone augmentation using ceramic space-maintaining devices: The impact of chemistry2015In: Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, E-ISSN 1179-1357, Vol. 7, p. 45-53Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The purpose of the study was to evaluate histologically, whether vertical bone augmentation can be achieved using a hollow ceramic space maintaining device in a rabbit calvaria model. Furthermore, the chemistry of microporous hydroxyapatite and zirconia were tested to determine which of these two ceramics are most suitable for guided bone generation. 24 hollow domes in two different ceramic materials were placed subperiosteal on rabbit skull bone. The rabbits were sacrificed after 12 weeks and the histology results were analyzed regarding bone-to-material contact and volume of newly formed bone. The results suggest that the effect of the microporous structure of hydroxyapatite seems to facilitate for the bone cells to adhere to the material and that zirconia enhance a slightly larger volume of newly formed bone. In conclusion, the results of the current study demonstrated that ceramic space maintaining devices permits new bone formation and osteoconduction within the dome.

  • 30.
    Anderud, Jonas
    et al.
    Malmö University, Sweden; Region Halland, Sweden.
    Jimbo, Ryo
    Malmö University, Sweden.
    Abrahamsson, Peter
    Region Halland, Sweden.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Malmström, Johan
    Region Halland, Sweden.
    Wennerberg, Ann
    Malmö University, Sweden.
    The impact of surface roughness and permeability in hydroxyapatite bone regeneration membranes2015In: Clinical Oral Implants Research, ISSN 0905-7161, E-ISSN 1600-0501, Vol. 27, no 8, p. 1047-1054Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Background: One of the crucial aspects in guided bone regeneration is the space maintenance. This is normally created by a membrane, which should primarily be accepted by the surrounding tissues without causing any adverse reactions. The impact of surface topography, biological acceptance as well as permeability of these membranes has been carefully discussed in the literature. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the bone forming properties inside of hollow hydroxyapatite space-maintaining devices with different inner surfaces and different permeabilities in an animal calvaria model in vivo. Materials and methods: A total of 36 hollow domes with three different designs made of hydroxyapatite were surgically attached to the skulls of rabbits. Group 1 had a moderately rough inner surface. Group 2 had a smooth inner surface. Group 3 had the same properties as Group 1 but had macroscopic holes on the top. The domes were left to heal for 12 weeks and were then processed for undecalcified ground sectioning. Histological evaluations were performed using a light microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The bone-implant contact (BIC) percentage along the device was calculated. Results: The median percentage of BIC was higher for Group 1 compared with Group 2 (P = 0.004). Group 1 produced a larger median BIC compared with Group 3 (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Within the limits of this preclinical study, these findings suggest that a moderately rough inner surface of a ceramic membrane along with a non-permeable device produces more bone than a smooth inner surface.

  • 31.
    Aronsson Rindby, Anna Cornelia
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology.
    Sahlin, Augusta
    Chalmers University of Technology.
    Troell, Eva
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Kristoffersen, Hans
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Compilation and validation of heat transfer coefficients of quenching oils2012In: Proceedings of the 6th International Quenching and Control of Distortion Conference Including the 4th International Distortion Engineering Conference, 2012Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 32.
    Arvidsson, Niklas
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019).
    Bolin, Lisa
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Built Environment, Energy and Circular Economy.
    Lindberg, Siv M
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019).
    Linder, Marcus
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019).
    Mellquist, Ann-Charlotte
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019).
    Norefjell, Fredric
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019).
    Nyström, Thomas
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019).
    Rex, Emma
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Built Environment, Energy and Circular Economy.
    Norrblom, Hans-Lennart
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Tööj, Lars
    Industrial Development Center, Sweden.
    Cirkulära möbelflöden: Hur nya affärsmodeller kan bidra till hållbar utveckling inom offentliga möbler2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Sverige har en stark möbelindustri och en stolt tradition av att tillverka tidlösa och högkvalitativa möbler, ofta av naturmaterial. 2016 producerade Sverige möbler för 22,8 miljarder SEK, varav kontorsmöbler stod för nästan en fjärdedel1. Det saknas idag statistik över vad som händer med dessa möbler när de inte längre används, men det står klart att många av dem slängs i förtid när verksamheter flyttar eller när deras behov ändras. Samtidigt syns en tydlig utveckling mot att kunder mer och mer efterfrågar återbrukade eller renoverade möbler som en del i sitt hållbarhetsarbete. Denna utveckling var startpunkten för projektet ”Affärsmodell-innovation för cirkulära möbelflöden”.

    Affärsmodellinnovation för cirkulära möbelflöden är ett Vinnovafinansierat projekt som under åren 2015-2017 arbetat med att utveckla och testa koncept för cirkulära affärsmodeller för i första hand offentliga möbler. I projektet har tjugo aktörer från hela värdekedjan, från underleverantörer, möbelproducenter, återförsäljare och användare till forskare och branschorgan, samarbetat kring affärsutveckling, kundincitament, produktdesign, logistik, hållbarhets- och certifieringsfrågor.

    Den här skriften belyser hur nya affärsmodeller för mer cirkulära möbelflöden kan bidra till en mer hållbar utveckling och ger smakprov på slutsatser från projektet. Skriften riktar sig framför allt till producenter och återförsäljare av möbler för offentliga miljöer, men även kunder och inköpare tror vi kan ha stor nytta av skriften. Vi hoppas att den även kan fungera som inspiration för andra industrier och branscher som funderar på en övergång till mer cirkulära affärsekosystem.

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  • 33.
    Asnafi, N.
    et al.
    Örebro University, Sweden.
    Rajalampi, J.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Aspenberg, D.
    DYNAmore Nordic, Sweden.
    Design and Validation of 3D-Printed Tools for Stamping of DP6002019In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Physics Publishing , 2019, no 1Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper is focused on automotive stamping tools & dies and the impact of 3D metal printing on design and production of such tools & dies. Forming (U-bend) and trimming/cutting/blanking tools & dies designed both conventionally and by topology optimization were 3D-printed, using Laser-based Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), in the maraging steel DIN 1.2709. These 3D-printed tools were then used to form (U-bend) and trim/cut/blank 2-mm thick hot-dip galvanized DP600. An approval of the forming tool required that 50,000 U-bends were formed in 2-mm thick DP600 without any surface scratches on the sheet metal part. An approval of the trimming/cutting/blanking tool required 100,000 trimming strokes with this tool, where the maximum (sheet metal) burr height was lower than 0.2 mm (lower than 10% of the sheet thickness (2 mm in this study)). The 3D-printed forming and trimming/cutting/blanking tools & dies - both the conventionally designed and the topology optimized versions - managed the criteria mentioned above and were therefore approved. The approval means that these concepts can now be used to make production stamping tools and dies. This paper describes the topology optimization, the forming & trimming/cutting/blanking testing, the results yielding an approval of the 3D-printed tool concepts, and the 3D-printed production tools for stamping of DP600. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

  • 34.
    Bartkowiak, T.
    et al.
    Poznan University of Technology, Poland.
    Berglund, Johan
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Brown, C. A.
    Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA.
    Establishing functional correlations between multiscale areal curvatures and coefficients of friction for machined surfaces2018In: Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, ISSN 2051-672X, Vol. 6, no 3, article id 034002Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The objective of this research is to determine the strengths of correlation, and their variation with scale, between friction coefficients and topographic characterization parameters, calculated using statistical representations of multiscale areal curvatures. The surfaces are created by milling and manual polishing. Coefficients of friction were measured during bending under tension tests. Surfaces were measured with a white light interferometer. Curvature tensors were calculated using a normal based method adapted for multiscale analysis. Three different regions were analyzed from each of eight samples. Curvature tensor parameters: principal, mean, and Gaussian curvatures were calculated for scales between 0.78 and 47.08 μm. These statistical measures of the curvatures were regressed against the coefficient of friction. Three different analyses were performed, taking into account entire curvature distributions, only negative or positive values and curvatures of top heights. Strong correlations (R2 &gt; 0.85 for many and as large as 0.96) were found for the standard deviations for all four curvature measures when entire distributions were considered. These results suggest that the frictional responses of surfaces could be related to the variance of their topographic curvatures. Average curvature parameters correlate strongly with coefficients of friction for negative values. Curvatures calculated from top regions present strong correlations for both mean and standard deviation of maximal, mean and Gaussian curvatures. This supports the use of multiscale curvature tensor methods for characterizing interactions between surface topography and tribological performance.

  • 35. Bartkowiak, T.
    et al.
    Berglund, Johan
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Brown, C.A.
    Establishing functional correlations between areal curvature and coefficient of friction for machined surfaces2017Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 36.
    Bengtsson, Andreas
    et al.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Bengtsson, Jenny
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Olsson, Carina
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Sedin, Maria
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy, Papermaking and Packaging.
    Jedvert, Kerstin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Theliander, Hans
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Sjöholm, Elisabeth
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy, Biobased Materials.
    Improved yield of carbon fibres from cellulose and kraft lignin2018In: Holzforschung, ISSN 0018-3830, E-ISSN 1437-434X, Vol. 72, no 12, p. 1007-1016Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To meet the demand for carbon-fibre-reinforced composites in lightweight applications, cost-efficient processing and new raw materials are sought for. Cellulose and kraft lignin are each interesting renewables for this purpose due to their high availability. The molecular order of cellulose is an excellent property, as is the high carbon content of lignin. By co-processing cellulose and lignin, the advantages of these macromolecules are synergistic for producing carbon fibre (CF) of commercial grade in high yields. CFs were prepared from precursor fibres (PFs) made from 70:30 blends of softwood kraft lignin (SW-KL) and cellulose by dry-jet wet spinning with the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIm][OAc]) as a solvent. In focus was the impact of the molecular mass of lignin and the type of cellulose source on the CF yield and properties, while membrane-filtrated kraft lignin and cellulose from dissolving kraft pulp and fully bleached paper-grade SW-KP (kraft pulp) served as sources. Under the investigated conditions, the yield increased from around 22% for CF from neat cellulose to about 40% in the presence of lignin, irrespective of the type of SW-KL. The yield increment was also higher relative to the theoretical one for CF made from blends (69%) compared to those made from neat celluloses (48-51%). No difference in the mechanical properties of the produced CF was observed.

  • 37.
    Bengtsson, Andreas
    et al.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Bengtsson, Jenny
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Sedin, Maria
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy, Papermaking and Packaging.
    Sjöholm, Elisabeth
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy, Biobased Materials.
    Carbon Fibers from Lignin-Cellulose Precursors: Effect of Stabilization Conditions2019In: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, E-ISSN 2168-0485, Vol. 7, no 9, p. 8440-8448Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    There is an increasing demand for lightweight composites reinforced with carbon fibers (CFs). Due to its high availability and carbon content, kraft lignin has gained attention as a potential low-cost CF precursor. CFs with promising properties can be made from flexible dry-jet wet spun precursor fibers (PFs) from blends (70:30) of softwood kraft lignin and fully bleached softwood kraft pulp. This study focused on reducing the stabilization time, which is critical in CF manufacturing. The impact of stabilization conditions on chemical structure, yield, and mechanical properties was investigated. It was possible to reduce the oxidative stabilization time of the PFs from about 16 h to less than 2 h, or even omitting the stabilization step, without fusion of fibers. The main reactions involved in the stabilization stage were dehydration and oxidation. The results suggest that the isothermal stabilization at 250 °C override the importance of having a slow heating rate. For CFs with a commercial diameter, stabilization of less than 2 h rendered in tensile modulus 76 GPa and tensile strength 1070 MPa. Impregnation with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate significantly increased the CF yield, from 31-38 to 46-50 wt %, but at the expense of the mechanical properties.

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  • 38.
    Bengtsson, Jenny
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy, Biobased Materials. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Jedvert, Kerstin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Hedlund, Artur
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Köhnke, Tobias
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Theliander, Hans
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Mass transport and yield during spinning oflignin-cellulose carbon fiber precursors2019In: Holzforschung, ISSN 0018-3830, E-ISSN 1437-434X, Vol. 73, no 5, p. 509-516Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lignin, a substance considered as a residue in biomass and ethanol production, has been identified as a renewable resource suitable for making inexpensive carbon fibers (CFs), which would widen the range of possible applications for light-weight CFs reinforced composites. Wet spinning of lignin-cellulose ionic liquid solutions is a promising method for producing lignin-based CFs precursors. However, wet-spinning solutions containing lignin pose technical challenges that have to be solved to enable industrialization. One of these issues is that a part of the lignin leaches into the coagulation liquid, which reduces yield and might complicate solvent recovery. In this work, the mass transport during coagulation is studied in depth using a model system and trends are confirmed with spinning trials. It was discovered that during coagulation, efflux of ionic liquid is not hindered by lignin concentration in solution and the formed cellulose network will enclose soluble lignin. Consequently, a high total concentration of lignin and cellulose in solution is advantageous to maximize yield. This work provides a fundamental understanding on mass transport during coagulation of lignin-cellulose solutions, crucial information when designing new solution-based fiber forming processes.

  • 39.
    Bengtsson, Jenny
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Jedvert, Kerstin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Köhnke, Tobias
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Theliander, Hans
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Dry-jet wet-spun lignin-based carbon fibre precursors2018Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Bengtsson, Jenny
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Jedvert, Kerstin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Köhnke, Tobias
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Theliander, Hans
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Identifying breach mechanism during air-gap spinning of lignin–cellulose ionic-liquid solutions2019In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, article id 47800Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    To be able to produce highly oriented and strong fibers from polymer solutions, a high elongational rate during the fiber-forming process is necessary. In the air-gap spinning process, a high elongational rate is realized by employing a high draw ratio, the ratio between take-up and extrusion velocity. Air-gap spinning of lignin–cellulose ionic-liquid solutions renders fibers that are promising to use as carbon fiber precursors. To further improve their mechanical properties, the polymer orientation should be maximized. However, achieving high draw ratios is limited by spinning instabilities that occur at high elongational rates. The aim of this experimental study is to understand the link between solution properties and the critical draw ratio during air-gap spinning. A maximum critical draw ratio with respect to temperature is found. Two mechanisms that limit the critical draw ratio are proposed, cohesive breach and draw resonance, the latter identified from high-speed videos. The two mechanisms clearly correlate with different temperature regions. The results from this work are not only of value for future work within the studied system but also for the design of air-gap spinning processes in general.

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  • 41.
    Bengtsson, Jenny
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Jedvert, Kerstin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Köhnke, Tobias
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Theliander, T
    Coagulation of dry-jet wet-spun lignin-based carbon fibre precursors2018In: Proceedings of the 15th European workshop on lignocellulosics and pulp, 2018, p. 123-126Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 42.
    Bengtsson, Jenny
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Olsson, Carina
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Hedlund, Artur
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Köhnke, Tobias
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Bialik, Erik
    Molecules in Motion, Sweden.
    Understanding the Inhibiting Effect of Small-Molecule Hydrogen Bond Donors on the Solubility of Cellulose in Tetrabutylammonium Acetate/DMSO2017In: Journal of Physical Chemistry B, ISSN 1520-6106, E-ISSN 1520-5207, Vol. 121, no 50, p. 11241-11248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Certain ionic liquids are powerful cellulose solvents, but tend to be less effective when small-molecule hydrogen bond donors are present. This is generally attributed to competition with cellulose for hydrogen bonding opportunities to the anion of the ionic liquid. We show that the solubility of cellulose in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions of tetrabutylammonium acetate is less strongly affected by water than by ethanol on a molar basis, contrary to what can be expected based on hydrogen bond stoichiometry. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the higher tolerance to water is due to water-cellulose interactions that improves solvation of cellulose and, thereby, marginally favors dissolution. Through Kirkwood-Buff theory we show that water, but not ethanol, improves the solvent quality of DMSO and partly compensates for the loss of acetate-cellulose hydrogen bonds.

  • 43.
    Bengtsson, Jenny
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Olsson, Carina
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Idström, Alexander
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Köhnke, Tobias
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Impact of non-solvents in the tetrabutylammonium acetate: dimethyl sulfoxide-cellulose system2016In: The 7th Workshop on cellulose, regenerated cellulose and cellulose derivatives, 2016, p. 19-22Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This work examines the potential of tetrabutylammonium acetate: dimethyl sulfoxide (TBAAc:DMSO) as a solvent used in a process for producing man-made cellulose fibers. The tolerance towards nonsolvents is an important step to evaluate the recyclability of the solvent. TBAAc:DMSO was in this work further confirmed to be an efficient solvent for cellulose. Non-solvent tolerance depended on cellulose concentration, TBAAc:DMSO ratio and type of non-solvent. There was no significant change in mechanical properties for filaments regenerated from solutions containing 2 wt% non-solvent compared to those spun from virgin solvent. With 4 wt% ethanol present in solution very brittle filaments were produced, not suitable for use as textile fibers.

  • 44.
    Bengtsson, Jenny
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Olsson, Carina
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Köhnke, Tobias
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Bialik, Erik
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Elucidating the effect of non-solvents on the TBAAc/DMSO-cellulosesolvent system2017In: Cellulosic material properties and industrial potential: Final meeting in COST FP1205, 2017Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 45.
    Bengtsson, Marcus
    et al.
    Volvo Construction Equipment, Sweden; Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Kurdve, Martin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Machining Equipment Life Cycle Costing Model with Dynamic Maintenance Cost2016In: Procedia CIRP, E-ISSN 2212-8271, Vol. 48, p. 102-107Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper presents how a Life cycle cost or Total cost of ownership analysis has been performed on machining equipment in a Swedish company. Life cycle cost models used in case studies are compared to an empirical model, used at the company, where dynamic energy, fluid, and maintenance cost are included. Linear and variable factors in the models are analyzed and discussed regarding data availability and estimation, especially with emphasis on maintenance. The life cycle cost aspect of the equipment give guidelines to consider operation, maintenance, tools, energy, and fluid cost in addition to acquisition cost, when designing/specifying the equipment.

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  • 46.
    Berg, Helena
    et al.
    AB Libergreen, Sweden.
    Zackrisson, Mats
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Perspectives on environmental and cost assessment of lithium metal negative electrodes in electric vehicle traction batteries2019In: Journal of Power Sources, ISSN 0378-7753, E-ISSN 1873-2755, Vol. 415, p. 83-90Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using a lithium metal negative electrode may give lithium metal batteries (LMBs), higher specific energy density and an environmentally more benign chemistry than Li-ion batteries (LIBs). This study asses the environmental and cost impacts of in silico designed LMBs compared to existing LIB designs in a vehicle perspective. The life cycle climate and cost impacts of LMBs show a similar pattern: the use phase has more climate and cost impacts than the production phase. As compared to LIBs and with respect to the positive electrode, Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) is preferable to Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP). The cell cost is highly dependent on the cost of lithium metal; a cost reduction of 50% causes a cell cost reduction of 8–22% depending on the choice of positive electrode material and if the cell is optimised for power or energy. For electric vehicle usage, the total cost per km is mainly dependent on the energy consumption per km and the capacity of the positive electrode, representing cost saving potentials of about 10%. These generic results can be used as a base for investigations of other battery technology using lithium metal electrodes.

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  • 47.
    Berglund, J.
    et al.
    Sandvik Tooling.
    Wiklund, Daniel
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Rosén, B.-G.
    Halmstad University.
    A method for visualization of surface texture anisotropy in different scales of observation2011In: Scanning, ISSN 0161-0457, E-ISSN 1932-8745, Vol. 33, no 5, p. 325-331Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Anisotropy of functional surfaces can in many practical cases significantly influence the surface function. Tribological contacts in sheet forming and engine applications are good examples. This article introduces and exemplifies a method for visualization of anisotropy. In a single graph, surface texture properties related to the anisotropy as a function of scale are plotted. The anisotropy graph can be used to explain anisotropy properties of a studied surface such as texture direction and texture strength at different scales of observation. Examples of milled steel surfaces and a textured steel sheet surface are presented to support the proposed methodology. Different aspects of the studied surfaces could clearly be seen at different scales. Future steps to improve filtering techniques and an introduction of length-scale analysis are discussed. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  • 48.
    Berglund, Johan
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Blateyron, François
    Digital Surf, France.
    Using SEM quad BSE images for roughness measurement – calibration of reconstructed surfaces2016Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 49.
    Berglund, Johan
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Kjellberg, Mikael
    IUC Olofström, Sweden.
    Liljengren, Magnus
    IUC Olofström, Sweden.
    Kjellsson, Kenneth
    Volvo Cars, Sweden.
    New Test Method for Detection and Analysis of Burrs and Slivers in Trimming and Punching Aluminium Sheet Metal2014Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

     A large problem when trimming or punching aluminium sheet is thecreation of burrs and slivers which degrade the quality of the produced parts. A semiindustrial test for evaluating trimming of aluminium has been further developed toinclude pre-stressing and pre-straining of the sheet material before trimming. Thesemi-industrial test results now show good correlation to industrial productionoutcomes.

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  • 50.
    Berglund, Johan
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Söderberg, Rikard
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Wärmefjord, Kristina
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Industrial needs and available techniques for geometry assurance for metal AM parts with small scale features and rough surfaces2018In: Procedia CIRP, Elsevier B.V. , 2018, p. 131-136Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    From an industrial perspective this paper aims to explore the state of the art regarding GD&T for metal additive manufacturing, specifically regarding product definition and inspection. The available techniques for geometry assurance for parts with small scale features and rough surfaces are evaluated in terms of suitability for the task and readiness for industrial implementation. It is found that many of the remaining challenges seem to be related to processing of data rather than obtaining data. Current difficulties are related to issues such as calibration, surface determination and defining the most relevant parameters to tolerance and inspect.

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