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  • 1.
    Abdelaziz, Omar
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden. Lund University, Sweden.
    Capanema, Ewellyn
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Ajao, Olumoye
    Canmet ENERGY, Canada.
    Kristensen, Tove
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Hosseinaei, Omid
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Benali, Marzouk
    Canmet ENERGY, Canada.
    Hulteberg, Christian
    Lund University, Sweden.
    A Rapid and Tunable Approach for the Fractionation of Technical Kraft Lignin2023In: Chemical Engineering Transactions, ISSN 1974-9791, E-ISSN 2283-9216, Vol. 99, p. 67-72Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reducing the heterogeneity of technical lignin is essential to obtain predictable and high-performance polymeric materials that are suitable for high-value applications. Organic solvents with different polarities and solubilities can be used to fractionate lignin and reduce the complexity and diversity of its chemical structure. Among the various solvents and solvent mixtures, acetone-water mixtures offer an energy-efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly means of lignin fractionation. In the present study, temperature-induced acetone-water fractionation was investigated to refine the properties of a technical softwood Kraft lignin, i.e., LignoBoost™ lignin. Relatively mild operating conditions were tested, namely, temperatures of 70-110°C and autogenous pressure. A factorial experimental design was developed using the Design-Expert® software, and three factors (temperature, time, and acetone concentration) were investigated. It was found that temperature-induced fractionation could increase lignin homogeneity and maintain high lignin solubilization with a short processing time (<1 h). It was also possible to tune the properties of the soluble lignin fraction (yield and weight-average molecular weight) based on the factorial models developed. The techno-economic evaluation confirmed the commercial viability of this fractionation process. 

  • 2.
    Abrahamsson, Camilla
    et al.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Rissler, Jenny
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design. Lund University, Sweden.
    Hedmer, Maria
    Lund University, Sweden.
    KÃ¥redal, Monica
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Isaxon, Christina
    Lund University, Sweden.
    77 Aerosolized Particulate Matter from Fragmentation of Carbon Nanotube-Enhanced Concrete2023In: Annals of Work Exposures and Health, Vol. 67, no Supplement_1, p. i94-i95Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 3. Acciaro, R.
    et al.
    Aulin, C.
    RISE, Innventia.
    Wågberg, L.
    Lindström, T.
    RISE, Innventia.
    Claesson, P.M.
    Varga, I.
    Investigation of the formation structure and release characteristics of self-assembled composite films of cellulose nanofibrils and temperature responsive microgels2011In: Soft Matter, ISSN 1744-683X, E-ISSN 1744-6848, no 4, p. 1369-1377Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 4.
    Achtel, Christian
    et al.
    Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany.
    Jedvert, Kerstin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF. Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany.
    Kosan, Birgit
    TITK Thuringian Institute of Textile and Plastics Research, Germany.
    Seoud, Omar. A.El
    University of São Paulo, Brazil.
    Heinze, Thomas
    Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Germany.
    Dissolution capacity of novel cellulose solvents based on triethyloctylammonium chloride2017In: Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics, ISSN 1022-1352, E-ISSN 1521-3935, Vol. 218, no 21, article id 1700208Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Dissolution of cellulose from various sources (microcrystalline cellulose and different dissolving grade pulp fibers) is investigated in solvent systems based on triethyl(n-octyl)ammonium chloride (N2228Cl). Clear cellulose solutions are obtained with N2228Cl in a variety of solvents, e.g., dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and acetone. It is possible to prepare clear cellulose solutions from pulp fibers with concentrations up to 15 wt%. However, it is found that the cellulose is degraded, especially when neat (i.e., molten) N2228Cl is used as a solvent. The present work includes comprehensive rheological characterization of the cellulose solutions, both with shear and extensional rheology. In most cases, the viscosity values are low (complex viscosities below 100 Pa s for 5–10 wt% dissolved cellulose), and the solutions show more Newtonian than viscoelastic behavior. 

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  • 5.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF, Keramer.
    Zirconia in applications with bone contact2016Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Lyckfeldt, Ola
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Johansson, Emil
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Visible-Light Curable Ceramic Suspensions for Additive Manufacturing of Dense Ceramic Parts2016Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Shen, James Zhijian
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Defect Minimization in Prosthetic Ceramics2014In: Advanced Ceramics for Dentistry, Elsevier Inc. , 2014, p. 359-373Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The mechanical reliability and aesthetic appearance of ceramic dental prostheses are strongly influenced by the presence of defects. When several processes are used during fabrication of ceramic dental prostheses, additional defects are unavoidably introduced in each process step; these are in addition to the ones that already exist in raw materials. To avoid the degeneration of material performance by the accumulated defect population, process optimization is needed to minimize the defects introduced. Standardized mechanical evaluations are usually performed on samples with carefully prepared surfaces in order to minimize the influence from the defects usually induced by fabrication processes. The results from such mechanical evaluation indicate the strength level that is achievable by the material with the given population of bulk defects. In order to avoid a reduction in the performance of the ceramic material by the additional defects normally induced by the fabrication process, it must be understood how these defects are introduced, and solutions must be found to reduce their size and frequency through modifications of the material and processes. The aim of this chapter is to elucidate the sources of defects that are common for ceramic dental prostheses and to determine how to minimize them.

  • 8.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, IVF.
    Shen, James Zhijian
    Stockholm University, Sweden.
    Effects of granule density on strength and granule related defects in zirconia2012In: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, ISSN 0955-2219, E-ISSN 1873-619X, Vol. 32, no 11, p. 2653-2659Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A suspension of zirconia powder (TZ3YSE) with a solids loading of 50. vol% was prepared by ball milling. Binders were added and some of the suspension was diluted to 40, 30 and 20. vol% before freeze granulation was performed. A spray dried material (TZ3YSEB) was used as a reference. The pore size distribution of the different granules was evaluated and from the microstructure it was shown that inhomogeneities were present in both the freeze granulated as well as in the spray dried granules. In addition, the density, microstructure as well as the strength of sintered materials prepared from the granules were studied. The results showed that a high green density or sintered density was not sufficient in order to achieve a high strength material. It was further shown that the strength was significantly influenced by the granule density and not by the inhomogeneities found in the granules.

  • 9.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Tönnäng, Lenny
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    The effect of softmachining parameters on the mechanical strength of zirconia2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Venturini, Francesca
    ZHAW School of Engineering, Switzerland.
    Schönherr, Veit
    ZHAW School of Engineering, Switzerland .
    Rey, Julien
    ZHAW School of Engineering, Switzerland .
    Characterization oflight-gas interaction in strongly-scattering nanoporous materials and itsimplications for tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy2016In: Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, 2016, Vol. 123, p. 123-136Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Through the confinement of gas in nanoporous materials, it is possible to significantly increase the path length for light–gas interaction. This enables the observation of much stronger absorption features for the confined gas molecules. In this work, we systematically characterized a variety of disordered strongly scattering ZrO2 and Al2O3 nanoporous ceramic materials to exploit the potential of gas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy. As a result, we identified a material with an unprecedented performance in terms of optical path length enhancement. In ZrO2 with thicknesses above 6 mm, the path enhancement exceeds 1000. The results obtained with near-infrared absorption spectroscopy on oxygen were validated by time-of-flight measurements at 700 nm, thus demonstrating their robustness. Finally, we report quantitative oxygen concentration measurement using nanoporous materials as miniaturized random-scattering multipass cell with an extremely simple and low-cost setup.

  • 11. Agnihotri, S.
    et al.
    Johnsen, I.A.
    RISE, Innventia, PFI – Paper and Fiber Research Institute.
    Moe, S.
    Gregersen, Ø.
    More selective biorefining of softwood by combined hot water and ethanol organosolv pretreatment2011Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 12. Ahlberg, C.
    et al.
    Lundell, F.
    Söderberg, L. Daniel
    RISE, Innventia.
    Self-organization of fibers in a suspension between two counter-rotating discs2009In: Proceedings of the ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Conference 2009, 2009, Vol. 1, no PART A, p. 585-592Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The behavior of fibers suspended in a flow between two flat counter-rotating discs has been studied experimentally. Captured images of the fibers in the flow were analyzed by steerable filters, to extract positions and orientations of the fibers. Experiments were performed for gaps between the discs of less than one fiber length, and for equal absolute values of the angular velocities for the discs. The length-to-diameter ratio of the fibers was approximately 14. During certain conditions, the fibers organized themselves in a distinct manner, which we will denote as fiber trains, in which three or more fibers are aligned next to each other, at the same radial position, with a short fiber-to-fiber distance. The direction of the individual fibers is radial and the direction of the whole train is tangential. Trains containing more than 60 fibers have been observed and are quite impressing.

  • 13.
    Ahlroth, Mikael
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy.
    Bialik, Marta
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy. RISE, Innventia.
    Jansson, Mikael
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy. Andritz, Sweden.
    Rosenqvist, Kristian
    ÅF, Sweden.
    Bark and wood powder firing in the recovery boiler for maximum power generation2017In: International chemical recovery conference, May 24-26, 2017, Halifax, Canada, PAPTAC , 2017Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of co-firing bark or wood powder in a recovery boiler is studied. The effect of increased NPEs in the liquor and lime cycles, the FMT and sticky dust and the smelt composition is assessed by using simulation tools. The results indicate that generating an additional 22-39% HP steam for power production by firing wood powder in the recovery boiler is a viable option, if Cl and K are purged from the ESP dust by a treatment unit. The smelt is enriched with the same proportion of NPEs as the as-fired liquor.

  • 14.
    Ahlroth, Mikael
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy.
    Bialik, Marta
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy.
    Jensen, Anna
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy.
    Hydrothermal carbonisation of effluent sludge2017In: The 7th Nordic Wood Biorefinery Conference held in Stockholm, Sweden, 28-30 Mar. 2017: NWBC 2017, Stockholm: RISE Bioekonomi , 2017, p. 156-158Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Research was carried out to investigate hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) treatment of different effluent sludges from the pulp and paper industry in a Parr-reactor. Sludge samples were evaluated from a thermomechanical paper (TMP) mill and a kraft market pulp mill (NSWBK). The issues studied included HTC treatment time; addition of acid and alkali; dewatering properties of the resulting slurry; and non-process element (NPE) concentration in the original sludge, the filtrate and the filter cake. It was found that HTC improved the fuel quality. Alkali metals were depleted in TMP and NSWBK sludge and in both cases, the sludge was easier to dewater. The yield was better for TMP than NSWBK sludge and the yield losses had a negative impact on the NSWBK sludge. TMP sludge was already a viable boiler fuel and the treatment improved the fuel qualities even more. The HTC treatment of the NSWBK sludge resulted in lower chlorine and potassium, with lower fuel-nitrogen resulting in lower nitrous oxide. Although HTC treatment improved the low heating value of the sludge, this was counteracted by yield loss. Compared with untreated NSWBK, the overall energy impact was negative. HTC treatment offered mixed opportunities from the viewpoint of the recovery cycle.

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  • 15.
    Ahlström, Johan
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, KIMAB.
    Aluminium i betong - Litteraturstudie och experimentella försök2012Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    I dagens byggprojekt används en mängd olika material för att bygga konstruktioner. Det förekommer att komponenter av aluminium gjuts in i betong vilket medför en risk att täckskiktet spricker p.g.a. korrosionsprodukternas stora volym. Därför är det viktigt att klargöra vilka korrosionsegenskaper aluminium har ingjuten i betong.

  • 16.
    Ahlström, Johan
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, KIMAB.
    Atmosfäriska korrosionsegenskaper för rostfritt stål med olika ytstruktur2011Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    Generellt sett så har rostfria stål en hög korrosionsresistens i atmosfärisk miljö p.g.a. den mycket tunna oxidfilmen på ytan, en film som fungerar som en barriär och försvårar initieringen av en korrosionsprocess på stålets yta. Dock så kan rostfria stål få svåra gropfrätningsangrepp i vissa aggressiva atmosfärer där t.ex. klorider och SO2 finns närvarande. Olika ytstrukturer kan ge ytan olika egenskaper som vätbarhet, ytråhet och ytsammansättning. En yta som har hög vätbarhet har en tjockare fuktfilm på ytan jämfört med en yta som har låg vätbarhet. Det är i fuktfilmen på ytan som korrosionsprocesserna sker, aggressiva partiklar och gaser kan tas upp i fuktfilmen från atmosfären och öka korrosionshastigheten. Ytråheten påverkar både vätbarhet och hur mycket partiklar som fastnar på en yta, därmed påverkar ytråheten korrosionshastigheten. Ytsammansättning anger vilka och hur mycket det finns av ett ämne i den skyddande oxidfilmen, ämnen som kan ha betydelse för hur lätt korrosion uppstår, t.ex. så kan olika sulfider fungera som initieringsyta för korrosionsangrepp. I litteraturen har det dragits olika slutsatser om vilken ytegenskap som har störst betydelse för korrosionens omfattning. Vissa studier säger att ytråheten har störst betydelse medan andra säger att ytsammansättningen har störst betydelse. Särskilt låglegerade ferritiska rostfria stål kan få svår gropfrätning i aggressiva miljöer och då har typen av ytstruktur liten betydelse för hur stora korrosionsangreppen blir. För de mer legerade austenitiska stålen kan typen av ytstruktur ha stor betydelse för storleken på korrosionsangrepp. Höglegerade stål som innehåller molybden har generellt sett små korrosionsangrepp och typen av ytstruktur har liten betydelse för korrosionsangreppens omfattning. Sammantaget tycks det dock vara så att ytråheten ändå har relativt stor inverkan på korrosionsresistensen, dock har relativt få studier genomförts där ytråheten verkligen mätts.

  • 17.
    Ahlström, Johan
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, KIMAB.
    Rostfritt stål i betong med hög fukt och kloridhalt - Provningsmetod för rostfritt stål i betong: Delrapport IV2011Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [sv]

    För betongkonstruktioner som är exponerade i aggressiva miljöer kan korrosionsskador uppstå som kräver kostsamma reparationer. Aggressiva miljöer kan t.ex. vara konstruktioner i kontakt med havsvatten där klorider kan transporteras genom betongskiktet fram till armeringen och där orsakar korrosionsskador. För att förhindra vissa korrosionsskador kan armering av kolstål (som är det vanligaste armeringsmaterialet) bytas ut mot armering i rostfritt stål. Idag finns en mängd olika rostfria stål, med olika korrosionsegenskaper, tillgängliga på marknaden och det är därför viktigt att kunna klassificera korrosionshärdigheten för dessa stål. I en tidigare litteraturstudie ”Elektrokemiska metoder för utvärdering av armeringskorrosion samt kritisk kloridjonkoncentration för rostfritt stål i betong” [1] så undersöktes vad som har rapporterats i litteraturen om provningsmetoder för att undersöka korrosionshärdigheten för rostfritt stål i betong. Det framgick av litteraturstudien att en potentiostatisk metod med polarisering till +200 mV kan vara lämplig. I denna studie har en liknande potentiostatisk metod tillämpats och utvärderats. Provkropparna placerades i ett vattenbad där temperaturen ökade med 5°C per 14 dagar från lägst 20°C till maximalt 40°C. Två austenitiska och tre duplexa stål har undersökts och resultaten visar att stålen EN 1.4301 (304), EN 1.4162 (2101), EN 1.4436 (316) fick korrosionsangrepp vid 4 vikt-% Cl per cementvikt när temperaturen på vattenbadet var mellan 20 och 30°C. Det mer legerade duplexa stålet EN 1.4362 (2304) fick korrosionsangrepp vid 6 vikt-% Cl per cementvikt vid en temperatur på 35°C. Det högst legerade stålet EN 1.4462 (2205) fick inga korrosionsangrepp vid10 vikt-% Cl per cementvikt som var den högsta kloridkoncentrationen.

  • 18.
    Ahlström, Johan
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, KIMAB.
    Tidblad, Johan
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, KIMAB.
    Sandberg, Bertil
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, KIMAB.
    Wadsö, Lars
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Galvanic corrosion properties of steel in water saturated concrete2015In: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion, ISSN 0947-5117, E-ISSN 1521-4176, Vol. 66, no 1, p. 67-75Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Aluminum-based sacrificial anodes were installed to reinforced concrete to stop ongoing corrosion in cooling water tunnels in a Swedish nuclear power plant. The steel rebars were also unintentionally connected to stainless steel water pumps. Therefore, the consumption rate of the sacrificial anodes was higher than predicted. An experimental and a field study were performed to assess if the steel rebar suffer from galvanic corrosion and if the stainless steel pumps are responsible alone for the high consumption rate. It was found from the experimental study that there is an increased risk of galvanic corrosion for steel rebar when the corrosion potential is raised to -200mV (SCE) for samples with 1% CL- by mass of cement and -500mV (SCE) for samples with 2% Cl- by mass of cement. The experimental results were compared with the corrosion potential measured in the cooling water tunnel where sacri ficial anodes were in use and not mounted at all. The cooling water tunnel without sacrificial anodes had generally more anodic corrosion potentials compared to the tunnel with anodes. The tunnel with anodes had also more anodic potentials closer to the stainless steel pumps than further away which means that the rebar is affected by the stainless steel pumps. However, the measured corrosion potentials in the tunnels were not as anodic as the potentials needed for high galvanic current measured in the experimental study.

  • 19.
    Ahlsén, Ulf
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, CBI - Cement- och betonginstitutet.
    Bellander, Ulf
    Uppskattning av armerings läge och diameter i färdig konstruktion1979Report (Refereed)
  • 20.
    Ahlsén, Ulf
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, CBI - Cement- och betonginstitutet.
    Klevbo, Göran
    Provningsmetod för plattsättningsbruk1979Report (Refereed)
  • 21.
    Ahlsén, Ulf
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, CBI - Cement- och betonginstitutet.
    Montin, Stefan
    Metoder för bestämning av komprimeringsgrad hos färsk betong1979Report (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Ahmadkhaniha, Donya
    et al.
    Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Leisner, Peter
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Electronics. Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Zanella, Caterina
    Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Pinate, Santiago
    Jönköping University, Sweden.
    Electrodeposition of Ni high P composite coatings containing nano and submicron ceramic particles2017Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 23.
    Ail, Ujwala
    et al.
    Linköpings Universitet, Sweden.
    Khan, Zia Ullah
    Linköpings Universitet, Sweden.
    Granberg, Hjalmar
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy. RISE, Innventia.
    Berthold, Fredrik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy. RISE, Innventia.
    Parasuraman, Rajasekar
    Indian Institute of Science, India.
    Umarji, Arun M.
    Indian Institute of Science, India.
    Slettengren, Kerstin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy. RISE, Innventia.
    Pettersson, Henrik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy. RISE, Innventia.
    Crispin, Xavier
    Linköpings Universitet, Sweden.
    Room temperature synthesis of transition metal silicide-conducting polymer micro-composites for thermoelectric applications2017In: Synthetic metals, ISSN 0379-6779, E-ISSN 1879-3290, Vol. 225, p. 55-63Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Organic polymer thermoelectrics (TE) as well as transition metal (TM) silicides are two thermoelectric class of materials of interest because they are composed of atomic elements of high abundance; which is a prerequisite for mass implementation of thermoelectric (TE) solutions for solar and waste heat recovery. But both materials have drawbacks when it comes to finding low-cost manufacturing. The metal silicide needs high temperature (&gt;1000 °C) for creating TE legs in a device from solid powder, but it is easy to achieve long TE legs in this case. On the contrary, organic TEs are synthesized at low temperature from solution. However, it is difficult to form long legs or thick films because of their low solubility. In this work, we propose a novel method for the room temperature synthesis of TE composite containing the microparticles of chromium disilicide; CrSi2 (inorganic filler) in an organic matrix of nanofibrillated cellulose- poly(3,4-ethyelenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonate (NFC-PEDOT:PSS). With this method, it is easy to create long TE legs in a room temperature process. The originality of the approach is the use of conducting polymer aerogel microparticles mixed with CrSi2 microparticles to obtain a composite solid at room temperature under pressure. We foresee that the method can be scaled up to fabricate and pattern TE modules. The composite has an electrical conductivity (σ) of 5.4 ± 0.5 S/cm and the Seebeck coefficient (α) of 88 ± 9 ΌV/K, power factor (α2σ) of 4 ± 1 ΌWm−1K−2 at room temperature. At a temperature difference of 32 °C, the output power/unit area drawn across the load, with the resistance same as the internal resistance of the device is 0.6 ± 0.1 ΌW/cm2.

  • 24.
    Ajpi, Cesario
    et al.
    UMSA Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Bolivia; KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Leiva, Naviana
    UMSA Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Bolivia.
    Vargas, Max
    UMSA Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Bolivia.
    Lundblad, Anders Olof
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Electrification and Reliability.
    Lindbergh, Göran
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Cabrera, Saul
    UMSA Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Bolivia.
    Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of NiII coordination network: Poly-[tris(µ4-Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato)-tetrakis(µ1-dimethylformamide-κ1O)-trinickel(II)] as material for lithium ion batteries2022In: Journal of Molecular Structure, ISSN 0022-2860, E-ISSN 1872-8014, Vol. 1265, article id 133316Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The compound Ni3(C8H4O4)3(C3H7NO)3, poly-[tris(µ4-Benzene-1,4-dicarboxylato)-tetrakis(µ1-dimethylformamide-κ1O)-trinickel(II)], was synthesized by the solvothermal method prepared via reaction between NiCl2•6H2O and terephthalic acid using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The structure was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy analyses. The electrochemical properties as a potential active material in lithium-ion batteries were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and galvanostatic charge-discharge curves in a battery half-cell. The characterization results show that the coordination network contains one independent structure in the asymmetric unit. It is constructed from Ni2+ ions, terephthalate bridges and in-situ-generated DMF ligands, forming two similar two-dimensional (2D) layer structures. These similar 2D layers are in an alternating arrangement and are linked with each other by dense H—H interactions (45%) to generate a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular framework with ordered and disordered DMF molecules. The electrochemical measurements, conducted in the potential range of 0.5–3.5 V vs Li/Li+, show that Ni3(C8H4O4)3(C3H7NO)4 has good electrochemical properties and can work as anode in lithium-ion batteries. The material presents an initial specific capacity of ∼420 mAh g−1, which drops during consecutive scans but stabilizes at ∼50 mAh g−1. However, due to the wide potential range there are indications of a gradual collapse of the structure. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows an increase of charge transfer resistance from 24 to 1190 Ohms after cycling likely due to this collapse.

  • 25.
    Akbari, Saeed
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Smart Hardware.
    Sakhaei, A. H.
    University of Kent, UK.
    Panjwani, S.
    Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore.
    Kowsari, K.
    Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore.
    Ge, Q.
    Southern University of Science and Technology, China.
    Shape memory alloy based 3D printed composite actuators with variable stiffness and large reversible deformation2021In: Sensors and Actuators A-Physical, ISSN 0924-4247, E-ISSN 1873-3069, Vol. 321, article id 112598Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Soft composite actuators can be fabricated by embedding shape memory alloy (SMA) wires into soft polymer matrices. Shape retention and recovery of these actuators are typically achieved by incorporating shape memory polymer segments into the actuator structure. However, this requires complex manufacturing processes. This work uses multimaterial 3D printing to fabricate composite actuators with variable stiffness capable of shape retention and recovery. The hinges of the bending actuators presented here are printed from a soft elastomeric layer as well as a rigid shape memory polymer (SMP) layer. The SMA wires are embedded eccentrically over the entire length of the printed structure to provide the actuation bending force, while the resistive wires are embedded into the SMP layer of the hinges to change the temperature and the bending stiffness of the actuator hinges via Joule heating. The temperature of the embedded SMA wire and the printed SMP segments is changed sequentially to accomplish a large bending deformation, retention of the deformed shape, and recovery of the original shape, without applying any external mechanical force. The SMP layer thickness was varied to investigate its effect on shape retention and recovery. A nonlinear finite element model was used to predict the deformation of the actuators. 

  • 26.
    Akesson, D.
    et al.
    University of Borås.
    Skrifvars, M.
    University of Borås.
    Walkenström, Pernilla
    RISE, Swerea, Swerea IVF.
    Preparation of thermoset composites from natural fibres and acrylate modified soybean oil resins2009In: Journal of Applied Polymer Science, ISSN 0021-8995, E-ISSN 1097-4628, Vol. 114, no 4, p. 2502-2508Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Structural composites with a high content of renewable material were produced from natural fibres and an acrylated epoxidized soybean oil resin. Composites were prepared by spray impregnation followed by compression moulding at elevated temperature. The resulting composites had good mechanical properties in terms of tensile strength and flexural strength. Tensile testing as well as dynamical mechanical thermal analysis showed that increasing the fibre content, increased the mechanical properties. The resin can be reinforced with up to 70 wt % fibre without sacrifice in processability. The tensile modulus ranged between 5.8 and 9.7 GPa depending on the type of fibre mat. The study of the adhesion by low vacuum scanning electron microscopy shows that the fibres are well impregnated in the matrix. The aging properties were finally evaluated. This study shows that composites with a very high content of renewable constituents can be produced from soy bean oil resins and natural fibres. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  • 27.
    Alakalhunmaa, Suvi
    et al.
    University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Parikka, Kristi
    University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Penttilä, Paavo A.
    University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Cuberes, M. Teressa
    University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
    Willför, Stefan
    Åbo Akademi University, Finland.
    Salmen, Lennart
    RISE, Innventia.
    Mikkonen, Kristi S.
    University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Softwood-based sponge gels2016In: Cellulose, ISSN 0969-0239, E-ISSN 1572-882X, Vol. 23, no 5, p. 3221-3238Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Crosslinking-aided gelation was utilized to prepare hydrogels from softwood polysaccharides, with spruce galactoglucomannans (GGM)—a group of largely unexploited hemicelluloses—as the main component, aiming at conversion into sponge-like aerogels. Cellulose nanofibrils were used for the formation of a reinforcing network, which was further crosslinked together with a GGM matrix by ammonium zirconium carbonate, an inorganic salt that is regarded as safe for use in food packaging. The hydrogels were freeze-dried into stiff, low-density aerogels with 98 % of their volume composed of air-filled pores. When immersed in water, the aerogels absorbed water up to 37 times their initial weight, demonstrating elasticity and repeatable and reversible sponge capacity. The developed concept reassembles the wood polysaccharides in a new way, creating interesting possibilities for utilizing the abundant “green gold,” GGM. The obtained biobased materials could find application potential, for example, in the field of food packaging and could contribute in the reduction of the usage of petroleum-based plastics in the future.

  • 28.
    Alberts, Claes
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, CBI - Cement- och betonginstitutet.
    Strömberg, Uno
    Skador på betongbalkonger.: Uppföljning av tidigare utförda lagningar1980Report (Refereed)
  • 29.
    Alberts, D.
    et al.
    University of Oviedo.
    Vega, V.
    University of Oviedo.
    Pereiro, R.
    University of Oviedo.
    Bordel, N.
    University of Oviedo.
    Prida, V.M.
    University of Oviedo.
    Bengtson, Arne
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Materials and Production, KIMAB.
    Sanz-Medel, A.
    University of Oviedo.
    In-depth profile analysis of filled alumina and titania nanostructured templates by radiofrequency glow discharge coupled to optical emission spectrometry2010In: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, ISSN 1618-2642, E-ISSN 1618-2650, Vol. 396, no 8, p. 2833-2840Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of highly ordered and self-assembled magnetic nanostructures such as arrays of Fe or Ni nanowires and their alloys is arousing increasing interest due to the peculiar magnetic properties of such materials at the nanoscale. These nanostructures can be fabricated using nanoporous anodic alumina membranes or self-assembled nanotubular titanium dioxide as templates. The chemical characterization of the nanostructured layers is of great importance to assist the optimization of the filling procedure or to determine their manufacturing quality. Radiofrequency glow discharge (RF-GD) coupled to optical emission spectrometry (OES) is a powerful tool for the direct analysis of either conducting or insulating materials and to carry out depth profile analysis of thin layers by multi-matrix calibration procedures. Thus, the capability of RF-GD-OES is investigated here for the in-depth quantitative analysis of self-aligned titania nanotubes and self-ordered nanoporous alumina filled with arrays of metallic and magnetic nanowires obtained using the template-assisted filling method. The samples analysed in this work consisted of arrays of Ni nanowires with different lengths (from 1.2 up to 5 μm) and multilayer nanowires of alternating layers with different thicknesses (of 1-2 μm) of Ni and Au, or Au and FeNi alloy, deposited inside the alumina and titania membranes. Results, compared with other techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, show that the RF-GD-OES surface analysis technique proves to be adequate and promising for this challenging application. © 2009 Springer-Verlag.

  • 30. Albertsson, A.-C.
    et al.
    Voepel, J.
    Edlund, U.
    Dahlman, Olof
    RISE, Innventia.
    Söderqvist-Lindblad, M.
    Design of renewable hydrogel release systems from fiberboard mill wastewater2010In: Biomacromolecules, ISSN 1525-7797, E-ISSN 1526-4602, Vol. 11, no 5, p. 1406-1411Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A new route for the design of renewable hydrogels is presented. The soluble waste from masonite production was isolated, fractionized, and upgraded. The resulting hemicellulose rich fraction was alkenyl-functionalized and used in the preparation of covalently cross-linked hydrogels capable of sustained release of incorporated agents. Said hydrogels showed a Fickian diffusion-based release of incorporated bovine serum albumin. Also, a method for the coating of seeds with hydrogel was developed. The sustained release of incorporated growth retardant agents from the hydrogel coating on rape seeds was shown to enable the temporary inhibition of germination.

  • 31.
    Albinsson, Ola
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Lundevall, Åsa
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Sehati, Parisa
    Linköpings universitet.
    Stålhanske, Christina
    RISE.
    Sundberg, P
    Mattsson, Lards-Göran
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology .
    Sjövall, Peter
    Rise.
    The influence of surface composition and plasma treatment on adhesion2015In: Proceedings of GPD Glass Performance Days 2015, 2015, p. 11-14Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 32.
    Aldaeus, Fredrik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy, Biobased Materials.
    The Bioeconomy Research Programme 2018-20202018In: The 8th Nordic Wood Biorefinery Conference: NWBC 2018: proceedings / [ed] Hytönen Eemeli, Vepsäläinen Jessica, Espoo: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , 2018, p. 83-Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Aldaeus, Fredrik
    et al.
    RISE, Innventia.
    Dedic, Dina
    RISE, Innventia.
    Karpenja, Tatjana
    RISE, Innventia.
    Magnusson, Mikael
    RISE, Innventia.
    Modorato-Rosta, Caroline
    RISE, Innventia.
    Rosén, Fredrik
    RISE, Innventia.
    Sundin, Konstantin
    RISE, Innventia.
    Lindström, Mikael
    RISE, Innventia.
    Lucisano, Marco
    RISE, Innventia.
    Towards a cellulose-based society: current trends, future scenarios, and the role of the wood biorefinery2016In: Proceedings of the 14th European workshop on lignocellulosics and pulp, 2016, Vol. 2, p. 125-127Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    There is a great need to maintain research for a future in which the traditional value chains of the forest industry are combined with the needs and demands of a bio-based economy. In such a future, the pulp mill biorefinery will be a crucial node. In order to map the transformation from a fossil-based society to a cellulose-based society, a global consumer survey has been made. In addition, interviews and workshops with various players throughout the bio-economy field have been accomplished. Several current trends that affect the road to a cellulose-based society have been identified. These trends are describing the effects of urbanization, consumer behaviour, new business models, material recycling, open innovation, and the need for early demonstration of new research. The trends have been combined with uncertainties into a number of plausible scenarios describing the society and the role of cellulose in the year 2030.

  • 34.
    Aldaeus, Fredrik
    et al.
    RISE, Innventia.
    Larsson, Karolina
    RISE, Innventia.
    Stevanic Srndovic, Jasna
    RISE, Innventia.
    Kubat, Mikaela
    RISE, Innventia. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Karlström, Katarina
    RISE, Innventia.
    Norberg, Lars
    RISE, Innventia.
    Anadolyan, Shant
    RISE, Innventia.
    Peciulyte, Ausra
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Olsson, Lisbeth
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Larsson, Per Tomas
    RISE, Innventia.
    The supramolecular structure of cellulose-rich wood and wheat straw pulps can be a determinative factor for enzymatic hydrolysability2016In: The 7th Workshop on cellulose, regenerated cellulose and cellulose derivatives, 2016, p. 39-39, article id 11Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Conversion of biomass to biofuels and other products is a research area that is currently attracting a great amount of interest, particularly because such production may be envisaged as a key part of any bio-based economy. Lignocellulosic biomass is abundant and sustainable, and can therefore potentially support large-scale production of biofuel as an alternative to petroleum-based fuel.

    The enzymatic hydrolysability of three industrial pulps, five lab made pulps, and one microcrystalline cellulose powder was assessed using commercial cellulolytic enzymes. To gain insight into the factors that influence the hydrolysability, a thorough characterization of the samples was done, including their chemical properties (cellulose content, hemicellulose content, lignin content, and kappa number), their macromolecular properties (peak molar mass, number-average molar mass, weight-average molar mass, polydispersity, and limiting viscosity) and their supramolecular properties (fibre saturation point, specific surface area, average pore size, and crystallinity). The hydrolysability was assessed by determination of initial conversion rate and final conversion yield, with conversion yield defined as the amount of glucose in solution per unit of glucose in the substrate. Multivariate data analysis revealed that for the investigated samples the conversion of cellulose to glucose was mainly dependent on the supramolecular properties, such as specific surface area and average pore size. The molar mass distribution, the crystallinity, and the lignin content of the pulps had no significant effect on the hydrolysability of the investigated samples.

    In addition, experiments were carried out aiming at identifying suitable conditions for pre-treatment of wheat straw, for the purpose of making cellulose rich pulps with improved enzymatic reactivity. Two sets of conditions for pre-treatment of wheat straw were identified; a combination of low temperature alkaline washing and acid pre-hydrolysis, or high temperature acid pre-hydrolysis. Both bleached wheat straw pulps showed similar enzymatic reactivity. However, the enzymatic reactivity of both bleached wheat straw pulps was found to be significantly less than what has been achieved for wood pulps. A probable explanation for the low enzymatic reactivity of the bleached wheat straw pulp can be the small pore size, limiting the access for enzymes to the cellulose surfaces in the fibre wall interior.Text, figures and tables in an extended abstract (< 4 pages with title and references).

  • 35.
    Aldaeus, Fredrik
    et al.
    RISE, Innventia.
    Larsson, Karolina
    RISE, Innventia.
    Stevanic Srndovic, Jasna
    RISE, Innventia.
    Kubat, Mikaela
    RISE, Innventia. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Karlström, Katarina
    RISE, Innventia.
    Peciulyte, Ausra
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Olsson, Lilsbeth
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Larsson, Per Tomas
    RISE, Innventia.
    The supramolecular structure of cellulose-rich wood pulps can be a determinative factor for enzymatic hydrolysability2015In: Cellulose, ISSN 0969-0239, E-ISSN 1572-882X, Vol. 22, no 6, p. 3991-4002Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The enzymatic hydrolysability of three industrial pulps, five lab made pulps, and one microcrystalline cellulose powder was assessed using commercial cellulolytic enzymes. To gain insight into the factors that influence the hydrolysability, a thorough characterization of the samples was done, including their chemical properties (cellulose content, hemicellulose content, lignin content, and kappa number), their macromolecular properties (peak molar mass, number-average molar mass, weight-average molar mass, polydispersity, and limiting viscosity) and their supramolecular properties (fibre saturation point, specific surface area, average pore size, and crystallinity). The hydrolysability was assessed by determination of initial conversion rate and final conversion yield, with conversion yield defined as the amount of glucose in solution per unit of glucose in the substrate. Multivariate data analysis revealed that for the investigated samples the conversion of cellulose to glucose was mainly dependent on the supramolecular properties, such as specific surface area and average pore size. The molar mass distribution, the crystallinity, and the lignin content of the pulps had no significant effect on the hydrolysability of the investigated samples.

  • 36.
    Aldaeus, Fredrik
    et al.
    RISE, Innventia.
    Larsson, Karolina
    RISE, Innventia.
    Stevanic Srndovic, Jasna
    RISE, Innventia.
    Kubat, Mikaela
    RISE, Innventia. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Karlström, Katarina
    RISE, Innventia.
    Peciulyte, Ausra
    Olsson, Lisbeth
    The influence of various pulp properties on the enzymatic hydrolyzability2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 37.
    Aldaeus, Fredrik
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy. RISE, Innventia.
    Olsson, Anne-Mari
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy. RISE, Innventia.
    Stevanic Srndovic, Jasna
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy. RISE, Innventia.
    Miniaturized determination of ash content in kraft lignin samples using oxidative thermogravimetric analysis2017In: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, ISSN 0283-2631, E-ISSN 2000-0669, Vol. 32, no 2, p. 280-282Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A study has been made of several aspects of determination of ash content in kraft lignin samples using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Three different methods were used; with the main differences between the methods being that two have a temperature hold at 250 deg C to remove volatiles and that the three methods use different maximum temperatures, namely 525, 550 and 575 deg C, respectively. The three kraft lignins used were produced using the LignoBoost lignin isolation process. It has been demonstrated that the results obtained by the different temperature programmes showed no significant difference. The results were comparable with those from using oven ignition. Moreover, the limit of quantification was several orders of magnitude lower than when using oven ignition. It has been recommended that if TGA is used for determination of ash content, a temperature programme from a standard method should be used, which should be mentioned together with the results. The temperature programme in method one (corresponding to ISO 1762) was the shortest and the preferable method. A well as requiring less labour due to fewer movements in the analytical protocol, the TGA methods enabled a high sample throughput due to autosampling possibilities.

  • 38.
    Aldaeus, Fredrik
    et al.
    RISE, Innventia.
    Olsson, Anne-Mari
    RISE, Innventia.
    Stevanic Srndovic, Jasna
    RISE, Innventia.
    Miniaturized determination of ash content in kraft lignin samples using thermogravimetric analysis2015In: 18th International Symposium on Wood, Fiber and Pulping Chemistry, September 9-11, 2015, Vienna, 2015, p. 352-354Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in oxidative conditions is a promising alternative to ignition in oven for the determination of inorganic residue, commonly referred to as ash. It is here shown that TGA can be used with temperature programs resembling those in standardized methods for oven ignition, and obtainequivalent results even though the sample amount is several orders of magnitude lower. The precision and limit of quantification of TGA is also discussed.

  • 39.
    Aldaeus, Fredrik
    et al.
    RISE, Innventia.
    Schweinebarth, Hannah
    RISE, Innventia.
    Jacobs, Anna
    RISE, Innventia.
    Simplified determination of Klason lignin in black liquor and lignin samples2010In: 11th European workshop on lignocellulosics and pulp: EWLP 2010, 2010, p. 45-48Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Alexandersson, Johan
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, CBI - Cement- och betonginstitutet.
    Polymercementbetong: Polymer cement concrete1983Report (Refereed)
  • 41.
    Alexandersson, Johan
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, CBI - Cement- och betonginstitutet.
    Strength losses in heat cured concrete1972Report (Refereed)
  • 42.
    Alexandersson, Johan
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, CBI - Cement- och betonginstitutet.
    Strength losses in heat curing: causes and countermeasures1974Report (Refereed)
  • 43.
    Alexis, Jonas
    et al.
    RISE, Swerea, Swerea MEFOS.
    Björkvall, Johan.
    RISE, Swerea, Swerea MEFOS.
    Mathematical modeling of stirring for an optimized ladle furnace process2011In: AISTech - Iron and Steel Technology Conference Proceedings, 2011, p. 1389-1399Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    [No abstract available]

  • 44.
    Alexis, Jonas
    et al.
    MEFOS − Stiftelsen för Metallurgisk Forskning.
    Jönsson, P.
    Royal Institute of Technology.
    Jonsson, Lage
    MEFOS − Stiftelsen för Metallurgisk Forskning.
    Heating and electromagnetic stirring in a ladle furnace - a simulation model2000In: ISIJ International, ISSN 0915-1559, E-ISSN 1347-5460, Vol. 40, no 11, p. 1098-1104Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A three-dimensional simulation model coupling heating and induction stirring in an ASEA-SKF ladle furnace was developed. Data of the heat transfer from the arcs to the steel bath were predicted in a separate model and included as boundary conditions in a ladle model. The arc model considers the contributions of heat transferred by of each of the following mechanisms: radiation, convection, condensation and energy transported by electrons. Predictions were made to simulate the change of temperature distribution in the ladle during simultaneous heating with electrodes and stirring by induction. A first attempt was made to compare the predictions with measured temperatures from a 100 t ASEA-SKF ladle. The agreement was found to be fairly good when heat-flux data for a 25 cm arc length were used as input to the ladle model. This indicates that the model can be used for more in-depth studies of the effects of heating for ladles that are inductively stirred.

  • 45.
    Alexis, Jonas
    et al.
    MEFOS − Stiftelsen för Metallurgisk Forskning.
    Jönsson, P.G.
    KTH.
    Jonsson, Lage
    MEFOS − Stiftelsen för Metallurgisk Forskning.
    A model of an induction-stirred ladle accounting for slag and surface deformation1999In: ISIJ International, ISSN 0915-1559, E-ISSN 1347-5460, Vol. 39, no 8, p. 772-778Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A 3 dimensional 2-phase model of an induction stirred ladle has been developed. The model is based on fundamental transport equations and includes the solution of steel- and slag-phase. Predicted velocities are in very good agreement with experimental data. Predicted velocities and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation from the model are shown to have linear relationships with input stirring force for different cylindrical ladles. Linear equations forthese relations are presented. Further calculations have shown that these linear equations also are able to predict velocities for a conical ladle. © 1999 ISIJ.

  • 46.
    Alexis, Jonas
    et al.
    MEFOS − Stiftelsen för Metallurgisk Forskning.
    Jönsson, Pär
    MEFOS − Stiftelsen för Metallurgisk Forskning.
    A model of an inductively-stirred ladle1997In: Scandinavian journal of metallurgy, ISSN 0371-0459, E-ISSN 1600-0692, Vol. 26, no 2, p. 48-54Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A fully 3-dimensional model for an inductively-stirred ladle is presented. Since the fluid flow during induction stirring is not symmetric with respect to the centre of the ladle, this model gives a more accurate description of the real stirring conditions than more traditional models that use cylindrical or polar co-ordinates. Typical output from the model are steel velocities, turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy. The calculated steel velocities agree fairly well with experimental data. © Munksgaard, 1997.

  • 47.
    Alexis, Jonas
    et al.
    MEFOS − Stiftelsen för Metallurgisk Forskning.
    Ramirez, M.
    Massachusetts Inst. of Technology.
    Trapaga, G.
    Massachusetts Inst. of Technology.
    Jönsson, P.
    Royal Institute of Technology.
    Modeling of a DC Electric Arc Furnace - heat transfer from the arc2000In: ISIJ International, ISSN 0915-1559, E-ISSN 1347-5460, Vol. 40, no 11, p. 1089-1097Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A mathematical model describing heat and fluid flow in an electric arc has been developed and used to predict heat transfer from the arc to the steel bath in a DC Electric Arc Furnace. The arc model takes the separate contributions to the heat transfer from each involved mechanism into account, i.e. radiation, convection, condensation and energy transported by electrons. The model predicts heat transfer for different currents and arc lengths. Model predictions show that arc efficiency is higher for lower power input. The model also predicts shear stresses and current density distribution at the steel surface. This information can be used as boundary condition input to simulate the effect of heating with electrodes in a DC EAF on the heat and fluid flow in the steel bath.

  • 48.
    Alfthan, Johan
    RISE, Innventia.
    Experimental study of non-linear stress relaxation and creep of paper materials and the relation between the two types of experiments2010In: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, ISSN 0283-2631, E-ISSN 2000-0669, Vol. 25, no 3, p. 351-357Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The non-linear time-dependent mechanical behaviour of three different commercial paper grades was investigated. Stress relaxation and creep tests were carried out in MD and CD using different load levels. The strain in each test was split in a linear part and a non-linear part. From the stress and the linear part of the strain in the test, a stress relaxation modulus or a creep compliance was calculated. The stress relaxation moduli and creep compliances determined in this way were observed to be independent of the load level. The stress relaxation moduli and creep compliances for each paper were further independent of the loading direction (MD/CD) when scaled by the elastic modulus. It was also shown that the stress relaxation modulus was approximately equal to the inverse of the creep compliance, which is what would have been expected if linear viscoelastic theory had been applicable.

  • 49.
    Alfthan, Johan
    et al.
    RISE, Innventia.
    Björklund, Magnus
    Measuring creep with confidence2014Conference paper (Refereed)
  • 50.
    Alipour, Nazanin
    et al.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Strömberg, Emma
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Enebro, Jonas
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, Infrastructure and concrete technology.
    Hedenqvist, Mikael
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Release of micro- and nanoparticles from a polypropylene/clay nanocomposite, a methodology for controlled degradation and evaluation2021In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 319, article id 128761Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A methodology was developed for qualitative assessment and characterisation of particle losses from nanocomposites during service life. The methodology can be generalised to other systems where the material fragments during ageing and can be extended to quantitative analysis. A chamber was constructed for ageing of selected materials, which enabled effective collection and subsequent analysis of released particles. A combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was found to be suitable for characterising particles in terms of size, shape and content. The methodology was tested on a common nanoclay composite with polypropylene as the matrix. There was no need for physical/mechanical wear to generate particles, slow flow of air and elevated temperature led to cracking and fragmentation of the material, and subsequent release of nanocomposite particles containing embedded or protruding clay. The release of pure clay particles and polypropylene particles was also detected. Using the methodology, it was observed that even in ‘mild’ degradation conditions (pure thermo-oxidation with no wear), fillers and nanocomposite particles can be released to the environment, which is an environmental and health concern. © 2021 The Authors

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  • rtf