Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is a key enabling technology for 6G networks, as it unifies radar sensing and data transmission within a shared infrastructure. Analog radio-over-fiber (ARoF) has emerged as a crucial technology for extending radar coverage and enabling distributed radar sensing. By incorporating pulse position modulation (PPM), it is possible to simultaneously measure the target’s range and transmit data, thereby increasing the energy efficiency of such systems. In this research, we present a novel ARoF-based ISAC-capable pulse radar system that features a custom-built PPM modulator employing a digital-to-time converter, and a high-accuracy time tagger as the demodulator, allowing for pulse time of arrival measurements with an root mean square accuracy up to 1.5 ps. The experimental results show a 5 Mbit/s data transmission along with a bit error ratio less than 5.86 × 10−7 at a 95% confidence level, using a PPM slot duration of 750 ps in an optical system featuring more than 40 km of single-mode optical fiber and a simultaneous range measurement with error less than 0.86 cm. In addition to ISAC exploration, the impact of fiber-induced chromatic dispersion on the PPM signal is studied, and the system is validated in an outdoor environment with a moving target