This report is developed as a part of the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) “Safe Transport of AFVs on Ro-Ro Ships” (STARRS) study. The main nature of the work is to provide scientific and technical knowledge on fire safety of Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) onboard of ships by carrying out a review of the state-of-the art, complemented by an experimental and numerical campaign. The final outcome of the study shall be to provide recommendations for further industry guidance and input to the development of International Maritime Organization (IMO) relevant instruments. This report is the result of the first part of the study. First, it provides an overview of the regulatory landscape governing the safe transportation of AFVs, including a review of regulations, rules and guidelines across both maritime and non-maritime domains. Then, the state-of-the-art of experimental findings on fire safety of AFVs in roro spaces, as well as prior research on numerical modelling and simulations, were reviewed and summarized. Finally, conclusions from the review are presented, including a summary of the scientific and technical knowledge identified in the form of a mapping. The results of the reviews will serve as technical justification for the development of recommendations in the upcoming parts of the STARRS study.