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The Performance of Bond Lines of Engineered Wood in Cone Heater Testing
Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety. Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8001-401x
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
Tallinn University of Technology, Estonia.
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2025 (English)In: Fire and Materials, ISSN 0308-0501, E-ISSN 1099-1018, Vol. 49, no 4, p. 455-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Engineered wood structures are widely used in modern buildings, for example, glued laminated timber, cross-laminated timber, finger-jointed solid wood, laminated veneer lumber, and so forth. These products often contain bond lines between the lamellae and/or within the lamellae. The most common types of bond lines are face bonding, finger joints, and edge bonding. The type of bond line can impact the behaviour of engineered wood in fire. At ambient temperatures, the bond line integrity is usually maintained; however, at elevated temperatures or in fire, the bond lines can lose their integrity. The new Eurocode 5 for fire design of timber structures will contain different design scenarios and parameters depending on the behaviour of adhesives at elevated temperatures. This paper aims to support the development of the new Eurocode 5. The bond line integrity was tested with 10 adhesives using two cone heater test methods and furnace tests with glulam. All specimens were made with softwood. Loaded finger-jointed specimens and unloaded face-bonded specimens were tested under the cone heater. Unloaded glued laminated timber specimens were tested in a model-scale furnace. The results are analysed and compared. Generally, a good correlation between the different types of tests was seen. The same adhesives tested in various experiments showed similar performance levels. Adhesive families may have different performances depending on various factors. To assess the adhesives and choose the appropriate calculation method, test methods for assessing the adhesives with cone heater are analysed, compared to fire test results, and proposed in this paper. © 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley and Sons Ltd , 2025. Vol. 49, no 4, p. 455-
Keywords [en]
Flammability testing; Gluing; Laminating; Softwoods; Timber; Veneers; Wooden buildings; Bond line; Bond line integrity in fire; Cone heater; Engineered woods; Finger joints; Fire designs; Glued-laminated timber; Glulam; Performance; Standard fire; Glues
National Category
Civil Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-78408DOI: 10.1002/fam.3295Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105000474890OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-78408DiVA, id: diva2:1999056
Note

The authors acknowledge RISE Fire Research AB, Ralph Zischka Holzleimbau, Studiengemeinschaft Holzleimbau e.V, Fachverband der Holzindustrie Österreichs, AkzoNobel Adhesives AB, BASF SE, Dynea AS, Henkel & Cie. AG, Kiilto Oy and FIRENWOOD project in ERANET Cofund Action ‘ForestValue—Innovating forest-based bioeconomy’. This work was partially supported by the Estonian Research Council grants (PRG820) and TAR 16012

Available from: 2025-09-18 Created: 2025-09-18 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved

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