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Fully screen printed stretchable liquid metal multilayer circuits using green solvents and scalable water-spray sintering
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Smart Hardware. Linköping University, Sweden.
Linköping University, Sweden.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Smart Hardware.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Smart Hardware.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7989-6027
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2025 (English)In: npj Flexible Electronics, ISSN 2397-4621, Vol. 9, no 1, article id 19Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Stretchable circuits based on liquid metals are promising for wearables but the lack of scalable processes for sintering of printed liquid metal dispersions constitutes a challenge for large-area and high-volume manufacturing. In this work, materials and methods for fully screen printed stretchable liquid metal multilayer circuits have been developed. The ink is based on liquid metal droplets dispersed in the green solvent propylene glycol using the harmless dispersion agent polyvinylpyrrolidone. The development of a scalable water-spray sintering method in combination with ink optimization yielded highly conductive prints of ≈7.3 × 105S/m. Interestingly, the printed conductors experienced a resistance increase of less than 10% during 50% strain cycling, which is far below the expected 125% increase due to the geometry factor. The process allows for printing of high-performance multilayer circuits, which is demonstrated by the development of printed stretchable near-field communication tags. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Research , 2025. Vol. 9, no 1, article id 19
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Materials Engineering
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URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-78344DOI: 10.1038/s41528-025-00394-8Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-86000100923OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-78344DiVA, id: diva2:1998247
Available from: 2025-09-16 Created: 2025-09-16 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved

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Strandberg, JanPetsagkourakis, IoannisHerlogsson, Lars

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