To assess the environmental sustainability aspects of the IRIS technologies, ex-ante LCAs were carried out, considering a broad range of environmental impact categories like climate, resource efficiency and pollution (emissions to air, soil and water). The overall goal was to quantify the potential environmental effects from upscaling the technologies, in reference to a conventional benchmark considering the potential benefit of the IRIS innovations. A second goal was to identify critical issues of each technology early on, so that risks could be identified and IRIS could steer the development in the right direction. The data availability for the ex-ante LCAs varied greatly for different reasons, so each assessment should be discussed and interpreted separately. Biobased indigo: This ex-ante LCA is based on a recent internal study (2024). The alternative with the highest climate mitigation potential was the 2023 process (50%), followed by the fermentation process (46%) and finally the 2020 process (15%). The overall results from the study indicate that the proposed indigo solution has significant potential for environmental impact mitigation. Microbial dyes derived from atmospheric CO2 :This ex-ante LCA was modelled using specific process data obtained from partner’s pilot production. The results show that the climate impact of the biobased dye (2.5 kg CO2-eq/kg of dye) is 13% lower than the benchmark (2.9 kg CO2-eq/kg of dye). In general, the results indicate that microbial dye can reduce the environmental impact from the dyeing process, and the magnitude of this reduction depends on the synthetic dye chosen as benchmark. Moreover, further reductions could be achieved with further development and upscaling during the project.Upscaling encapsulated heat and light-sensitive biobased colorants: This ex-ante LCA of the encapsulated pigments corresponds to the results from an LCA carried out under the European project BARBARA. The results suggest that the encapsulated pigments could offer a reduction in environmental impact from synthetic dyes in 13 out of the 16 impact categories studied. The modifications to the process to be tested in IRIS are expected to reduce energy demand, which would also lead to further environmental impact mitigation. Upscaling enzymatic denim dyeing process: This ex-ante LCA was modelled using the results from a scientific study published recently. The results show that enzymatic dyeing could potentially reduce the climate impact from the denim dyeing process by 95%. In general, the results from the ex-ante LCA indicate that a significant potential for impact reduction can be achieved with this technology, and even further by a shift to a more circular feedstock which will be explored in IRIS.PVC free biobased print: This ex-ante LCA for biobased printing was modelled using specific data provided by CTB from their previous work and experience developing the technology, with the addition of energy demand estimations for heating and drying processes. The results suggest that there is potential for environmental impact reduction, but further research is needed to understand the true magnitude of this potential. Moving forward, more specific data for the stabilizer, PHA production and alternative feedstocks would improve the quality of results.