This study analyses what the net zero transition of the Swedish heavy truck fleet will mean for overall emissions reductions from a lifecycle perspective (globally) and for Sweden’s national emissions inventory. The study considers direct tailpipe emissions and indirect emissions from fuels and vehicle production. The study provides a multi-layered perspective on how the transition of the Swedish heavy-duty transport fleet will potentially affect total emissions under different technological variables, and where emissions end up in terms of geographical regions. Results show the electrification of the Swedish truck fleet could be done without increasing emissions outside the country significantly, but that requires domestic low carbon steel and iron production as well as domestic battery production using renewable electricity. If carbon footprints of these components cannot be reduced significantly, there is a risk that vehicle production emissions will increase and end up in other countries’ emissions inventories.