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Full Density Powder Metallurgical Cold Work Tool Steel through Nitrogen Sintering and Capsule-Free Hot Isostatic Pressing
Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
Uddeholms AB, Sweden.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Manufacturing Processes.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4860-8763
Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
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2024 (English)In: Metals, ISSN 2075-4701, Vol. 14, no 8, article id 914Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Vanadis 4E (V4E) is a powder metallurgical cold work tool steel predominantly used in application with demand for wear resistance, high hardness, and toughness. It is of interest to have a processing route that enables full density starting from clean gas-atomized powder allowing component shaping capabilities. This study presents a process involving freeze granulation of powder to facilitate compaction by means of cold isostatic pressing, followed by sintering to allow for capsule-free hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and subsequent heat treatments of fully densified specimens. The sintering stage has been studied in particular, and it is shown how sintering in pure nitrogen at 1150 °C results in predominantly closed porosity, while sintering at 1200 °C gives near full density. Microstructural investigation shows that vanadium-rich carbonitride (MX) is formed as a result of the nitrogen uptake during sintering, with coarser appearance for the higher temperature. Nearly complete densification, approximately 7.80 ± 0.01 g/cm3, was achieved after sintering at 1200 °C, and after sintering at 1150 °C, followed by capsule-free HIP, hardening, and tempering. Irrespective of processing once the MX is formed, the nitrogen is locked into this phase and the austenite is stabilised, which means any tempering tends to result in a mixture of austenite and tempered martensite, the former being predominate during the sequential tempering, whereas martensite formation during cooling from austenitization temperatures becomes limited. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) , 2024. Vol. 14, no 8, article id 914
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Materials Engineering
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URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-75018DOI: 10.3390/met14080914Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85202634507OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-75018DiVA, id: diva2:1895642
Note

This study is performed within the project DENSE (contract no. 2018-02371) within theStrategic Innovation programme with support from Vinnova, FORMAS, and the Swedish EnergyAgency. Technical support from Uddeholms AB and support from the LIGHTer Academy project(contract no. 2020-04526) within the LIGHTer Strategic Innovation Programme with support fromVinnova, FORMAS, Swedish Energy Agency, as well as the Production Area of Advance at Chalmers,are acknowledged.

Available from: 2024-09-06 Created: 2024-09-06 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved

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Adolfsson, Erik

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