Health risks from exposure to chemicals in clothing - Non-regulated halogenated aromatic compoundsShow others and affiliations
2024 (English)In: Chemosphere, ISSN 0045-6535, E-ISSN 1879-1298, Vol. 363, article id 142930Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
The objective of the present study was to investigate some commonly detected halogenated textile pollutants for their bioavailability and hazardous properties. Release into artificial sweat and skin absorption in vitro were examined as well as mutagenic effects by Ames test, and skin-sensitizing properties from a peptide reactivity assay combined with a cell test. All investigated compounds were shown to migrate from the textile into sweat and be absorbed by the skin, although to a different extent. The experimental values for migration were found to be up to 390 times higher compared to literature values. Two of the studied compounds, 2,5-dinitrochlorobenzene and 3,5-dinitrobromobenzene, both exhibited mutagenic effects in the Ames test, while both 2,5-dinitrochlorobenzene and 2,6-dichlorobenzene-1,4-diamine were classified as skin sensitizers. The allergenic reactivity of the latter was found to be due to an oxidized transformation product. Risks for the induction of skin allergy and other non-carcinogenic effects from dermal exposure to the individual compounds were found low, even when considering clothing with the highest reported levels. However, the complex mixtures of chemicals often present in garments may still constitute a health risk, especially when considering the many hours of daily exposure. It is important to further study the toxicity of other frequently occurring chemicals as well as the synergistic effects of chemicals that co-occur in clothing.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV , 2024. Vol. 363, article id 142930
Keywords [en]
Biochemistry, Chemical detection, Halogenation, Health risks, Textiles, Ames test, Dermal exposure, Dinitrochlorobenzene, Halogenated aromatics, Halogenated pollutant, Mutageneic effect, Mutagenicity, Risks assessments, Skin sensitization, Textile chemicals, Risk assessment
National Category
Occupational Health and Environmental Health
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-74726DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142930Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85199943488OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-74726DiVA, id: diva2:1887465
Funder
Mistra - The Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research, 2018/11Swedish Research Council Formas, 2021-01540
Note
The authors thank the following funding agencies for financial support: Swedish Foundation for Strategic Environmental Research (MISTRA SafeChem, project number 2018/11) and the Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development (Formas, Grant No: 2021-01540).
2024-08-082024-08-082025-09-23Bibliographically approved