An overview of Hydrogen assisted (Direct) recycling of Rare earth permanent magnetsShow others and affiliations
2023 (English)In: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, ISSN 0304-8853, E-ISSN 1873-4766, Vol. 588, no B, article id 171475Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Rare Earths (RE) permanent magnets are essential components for Europe’s successful green and digital transition However, the entire value chain of RE magnetic materials depends on imports, which are highly vulnerable in current global supply chain models. To mitigate this situation, EU Regulation plans that at least 15 % of the EU’s annual consumption of permanent magnets should be covered by recycling capacities by 2030. Researchers in the EU H2020 project SUSMAGPRO consortium have shown that hydrogen can be used as a very efficient recycling method to extract NdFeB magnet powder from various EOL Components in the IP protected Hydrogen-based Processing of Magnet Scrap (HPMS). On exposure to hydrogen the sintered NdFeB magnets break down into a friable, demagnetised, hydrogenated powder containing an interstitial hydride of Nd2Fe14BHX (10 mu m) and smaller particles (<1 <mu>m) from the grain-boundary phase NdH2.7. This process delivers a sustainable source of magnetic material for the production of sintered, polymer bonded and metal-injection moulded magnets. The paper will present numerous results along the whole value chain of magnet recycling, including automatic dismantling of magnet containing products, magnets extraction, HPMS recycling, production of recycled magnets and demonstrator testing. It will also discuss best practices and bottlenecks of the processes as an outlook for successful design-for-recycling of future applications.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
ELSEVIER , 2023. Vol. 588, no B, article id 171475
Keywords [en]
NdFeB; Permanent magnets; Magnet recycling; Hydrogen decrepitation (HD); Hydrogen Processing of Magnetic Scrap; (HPMS); Circular economy
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-70453DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171475OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-70453DiVA, id: diva2:1830042
Note
The author would like to thank all consortium members and partners of the EU funded projects SUSMAGPRO and REEsilience for their outstanding contributions to this article. SUSMAGPRO has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 821114. REEsilience has received funding from European Union’s Horizon EU research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 101058598.
2024-01-222024-01-222025-09-23Bibliographically approved