During the last decade, uterus transplantation has evolved as the first treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility, caused by absence of a functional uterus. Current challenges in the area of uterus transplantation are organ shortage and side effects of immunosuppression. These hurdles may be solved with novel tissue engineering technologies to produce a uterus from stem cells. For example, the development of patient-specific grafts using a biomaterial together with the patient’s own cells might be utilized for a partial uterus repair therapy or a whole bioengineered uterus might be developed to replace an allogeneic graft in a uterus transplantation setting. During recent years, uterus bioengineering strategies with scaffolds based on decellularized tissue have been particularly assessed. Decellularization protocols were established for both small and large animal models, including the human uterus. Promising in vivo results using such scaffolds to repair a partially injured uterus showed restoration of fertility in rodent models. Scaffold generation protocols and recellularization methodologies including various cell sources are currently being optimized and translated to more clinically relevant injury models in large animals. This review provides a summary of the progress made to date, based on use of decellularized uterine tissue for uterus repair.