Accurate graphene quantum Hall arrays for the new International System of UnitsShow others and affiliations
2022 (English)In: Nature Communications, E-ISSN 2041-1723, Vol. 13, no 1, article id 6933Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Graphene quantum Hall effect (QHE) resistance standards have the potential to provide superior realizations of three key units in the new International System of Units (SI): the ohm, the ampere, and the kilogram (Kibble Balance). However, these prospects require different resistance values than practically achievable in single graphene devices (~12.9 kΩ), and they need bias currents two orders of magnitude higher than typical breakdown currents IC ~ 100 μA. Here we present experiments on quantization accuracy of a 236-element quantum Hall array (QHA), demonstrating RK/236 ≈ 109 Ω with 0.2 part-per-billion (nΩ/Ω) accuracy with IC ≥ 5 mA (~1 nΩ/Ω accuracy for IC = 8.5 mA), using epitaxial graphene on silicon carbide (epigraphene). The array accuracy, comparable to the most precise universality tests of QHE, together with the scalability and reliability of this approach, pave the road for wider use of graphene in the new SI and beyond. © 2022, The Author(s).
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Research , 2022. Vol. 13, no 1, article id 6933
Keywords [en]
graphene, silicon carbide, Article, controlled study, intermethod comparison, international standard unit, measurement accuracy, quantization, quantum chemistry
National Category
Condensed Matter Physics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-61363DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34680-0Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85141995185OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-61363DiVA, id: diva2:1717531
Note
Funding details: Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning, SSF, GMT14-0077, RMA15-0024; Funding details: VINNOVA; Funding text 1: This work was jointly supported by VINNOVA (Ref. 2020-04311 H.H. and 2021-04177 H.H.), the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) (Nos. GMT14-0077 S.K. and RMA15-0024 S.K.), 2D TECH VINNOVA competence Center (Ref. 2019-00068 S.L.), and Chalmers Excellence Initiative Nano S.L. This work was performed in part at Myfab Chalmers.; Funding text 2: This work was jointly supported by VINNOVA (Ref. 2020-04311 H.H. and 2021-04177 H.H.), the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF) (Nos. GMT14-0077 S.K. and RMA15-0024 S.K.), 2D TECH VINNOVA competence Center (Ref. 2019-00068 S.L.), and Chalmers Excellence Initiative Nano S.L. This work was performed in part at Myfab Chalmers.
2022-12-082022-12-082025-09-23Bibliographically approved