Cellulose has emerged as a promising sustainable material for advanced applications, including energy harvesting and sensing via triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Despite significant progress in cellulosic TENGs, the role of carbonaceous nanomaterials with different morphologies and surface chemistries remains insufficiently understood. In this study, regenerated cellulose was used as a matrix to incorporate different carbon allotropes, including nanodiamonds, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and graphene nanoplatelets, to systematically evaluate their effect on triboelectric performance. Cellulose was dissolved in cold alkaline solution, and composites containing 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20 wt% of nanoparticles were prepared and tested as tribolayers against PTFE in a TENG configuration. The results showed that graphene-, MWCNT-, and nanodiamond-based composites improved power output by up to 76%, 51%, and 40%, respectively, compared to pure cellulose (34.3 W m−2). Physical and structural analyses, including dielectric spectroscopy, electrical conductivity measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy, were employed to investigate the structure-property relationships of regenerated cellulose‑carbon allotrope composites. The findings provide insight into the role of carbon nanomaterials in tuning the triboelectric behavior of regenerated cellulose and offer guidance for the design of high-performance, sustainable functional composites