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Multiliter-Scale Photosensitized Dimerization of Isoprene to Sustainable Aviation Fuel Precursors
Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75120, Sweden.
Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75120, Sweden.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Biorefinery and Energy.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8524-8459
Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75120, Sweden.
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2025 (English)In: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, E-ISSN 2168-0485, Vol. 13, no 6, p. 2467-2476Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Synthetic routes to sustainable aviation fuels are needed to mitigate the environmental impacts of the aviation sector. Among several emerging methods, the use of light-driven reactions benefits from milder conditions and the possibility of using sunlight to directly irradiate reactants or, alternatively, to power LEDs with a high and constant light intensity. Dinaphthylketone-photosensitized dimerization of isoprene can afford C<inf>10</inf> cycloalkenes that, after hydrogenation, meet the required properties for jet fuels (strongly resembling Jet-A). Isoprene can be photobiologically produced by metabolically engineered cyanobacteria from the conversion of CO<inf>2</inf> and water by utilizing solar light, contributing to a carbon-neutral process. The scale-up of such a combined photobiological-photochemical route is essential to bring it closer to the commercial level. Herein, we present the optimization and scale-up of the photosensitized dimerization of isoprene. By designing different reactor setups, flow versus no-flow conditions, and LED lamps (λ<inf>max</inf> = 365 nm) versus sunlight as the light source, we reached a 2.6 L scale able to produce 61 mL of isoprene dimers per hour, which represents a 14-fold higher productivity compared to our previous results at a smaller scale. We also demonstrated a continuous feed process that converted isoprene into dimers with a 95% yield under LED irradiation. These advancements highlight the potential of light-driven processes to contribute to the energy transition and production of sustainable aviation fuels, making them more viable for commercial use and significantly reducing the environmental impact of the aviation sector.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society , 2025. Vol. 13, no 6, p. 2467-2476
Keywords [en]
cycloalkanes, flow photochemistry, monoterpenes, photoreactor design, triplet sensitization, upscaling, Jet fuel, Laser beams, Light sources, Photobioreactors, Photolysis, Synthetic fuels, Aviation fuel, Aviation sector, Cyclo-alkanes, Dimerizations, Light driven, Scale-up, Dimerization
National Category
Organic Chemistry Energy Systems
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-79492DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c08755Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85217109232OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-79492DiVA, id: diva2:2018487
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Article; Granskad

Available from: 2025-12-03 Created: 2025-12-03 Last updated: 2025-12-03Bibliographically approved

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Siljebo, WilliamGustafsson, Tomas

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