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Enhanced Aromatic Yield from WEEE via Ex Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis: A Comparative Study of HZSM-5, Fe/HZSM-5, and CaO Catalysts in Single and Dual Modes
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Biorefinery and Energy.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8284-4172
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, System Transition and Service Innovation.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9949-6274
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2025 (English)In: ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering, E-ISSN 2168-0485, Vol. 13, no 15, p. 5493-5505Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study investigated an efficient catalyst configuration to enhance the recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) fractions into aromatic hydrocarbons. Two engineered WEEE fractions, low-grade (LGEW) and medium-grade (MGEW), were used as feedstock in an ex situ catalytic pyrolysis process conducted in a two-stage lab-scale reactor. The first stage involved a batch pyrolyzer, followed by a fixed-bed catalytic reactor. The interaction between catalyst active sites and pyrolysis vapors played a key role in determining the chemical functionality of the surface intermediates. Five catalytic modes were tested: CaO, HZSM-5, Fe/HZSM-5, and a combination of CaO and HZSM-5 in mixed and separate bed configurations, with a catalyst-to-feedstock ratio of 0.15 w/w. The iron-loaded zeolite favored gas production, while CaO effectively converted acids into ketones. The dual-catalyst mixed bed of CaO and HZSM-5 exhibited the best catalytic synergy, enhancing the production of aromatic hydrocarbons and decarbonizing the process. However, metal doping increased catalyst coke formation due to more Lewis acid sites and the production of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Overall, this study provides a comparative analysis of catalyst activity during the thermochemical conversion of WEEE.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society , 2025. Vol. 13, no 15, p. 5493-5505
Keywords [en]
Aromatization; Computer resource management; Lasers; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Pyrolysis; Signal receivers; CaO/HZASM-5 catalyst; Catalytic mode; Catalytic pyrolysis; Comparatives studies; Dual modes; Efficient catalysts; Ex situ; Single mode; Waste electrical and electronic equipment; ]+ catalyst; Feedstocks
National Category
Chemical Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-78318DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c08759Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-105002985645OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-78318DiVA, id: diva2:2000131
Note

The authors express their gratitude to the Swedish EnergyAgency (Energimyndigheten) for financial support (projectnumber 51219−1).

Available from: 2025-09-23 Created: 2025-09-23 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved

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Shafaghat, HodaEvangelopoulos, Panagiotis

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