BETCRETE 3.0 - Alternative binders: development, verification and application

This report provides an overview of the development, verification, and potential application of alternative binders for concrete within the BETCRETE 3.0 framework. A range of natural and industrial by-products have been investigated, focusing on their ability to replace Portland cement clinker and reduce the environmental impact of concrete production. Heidelberg Materials Cement Sverige AB evaluated a volcanic pozzolan with high amorphous content. SCHWENK Sverige AB explored the use of a natural sedimentary pozzolan (Opoka) from Lithuania, characterized by high reactivity (high SiO2 content) and local availability. Strängbetong AB (Consolis) tested bio-ashes derived from rice husks. Ragn-Sells contributed with residual ash from waste processing (Ash2Salt), showing latent hydraulic or pozzolanic properties. Boliden AB investigated an industrial by-product from mining and metallurgical processes as potential low-carbon pozzolanic cement constituent. Swecem AB continued the implementation and testing of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The findings demonstrate promising fresh and hardened concrete properties, satisfactory durability performance regarding chloride resistance and alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and highlight the need for careful curing when using pozzolanic materials. The work also identifies future challenges in ensuring material availability, standardization, and optimization for broader industrial adoption.