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An Empirical Study of the Impact of Single and Multiple Bit-Flip Errors in Programs
(Dependable Transport Systems)ORCID-id: 0000-0001-9536-4269
University of British Columbia, Canada.
Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
2020 (engelsk)Inngår i: IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing, ISSN 1545-5971Artikkel i tidsskrift (Fagfellevurdert) Published
Abstract [en]

Recent studies have shown that technology and voltage scaling are expected to increase the likelihood that particle-induced soft errors manifest as multiple-bit errors. This raises concerns about the validity of using single bit-flips in fault injection experiments aiming to assess the program-level impact of soft errors. The goal of this paper is to investigate whether multiple-bit errors could cause a higher percentage of silent data corruptions (SDCs) compared to single-bit errors. Based on 2700 fault injection campaigns with 15 benchmark programs, featuring a total of 27 million experiments, our results show that single-bit errors in most cases either yield a higher percentage of SDCs compared to multiple-bit errors or yield SDC results that are very close to the ones obtained for the multiple-bit errors. Further, we find that only around 2% of the multiple-bit campaigns resulted in an SDC percentage that was more than 5 percentage points higher than that obtained for the corresponding single-bit campaigns. For most of these campaigns, the highest percentage of SDCs was obtained by flipping at most 3 bits. Based on our results, we also propose four techniques for error space pruning to avoid injection of multiple-bit errors that are either unlikely or infeasible to cause SDCs.

sted, utgiver, år, opplag, sider
IEEE, 2020.
Emneord [en]
Fault injection, transient hardware faults, single/multiple bit-flip errors, error space pruning, error space clustering
HSV kategori
Identifikatorer
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-55463DOI: 10.1109/TDSC.2020.3043023OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-55463DiVA, id: diva2:1579893
Prosjekter
VALU3S (Verification and Validation of Automated Systems’ Safety and Security)
Forskningsfinansiär
EU, Horizon 2020, 876852Tilgjengelig fra: 2021-07-12 Laget: 2021-07-12 Sist oppdatert: 2025-09-23bibliografisk kontrollert

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