In a recent study, it was suggested that there could be direct associations between cellulose and lignin in mild alkaline cooked pulps. The observation was based on studies showing that the molecular straining of lignin was similar to that of cellulose. This finding has serious ramifications for technical production of pulps as it could expand on what is known about recalcitrant lignin removal during pulping. Herein, we investigate the possible interaction between cellulose and lignin discussing possible mechanisms involved at the nano- and molecular-scales, and present support for that the removal of hemicellulose by hot water extraction or mild kraft pulping causes strong interactions between lignin and cellulose.