Energy crisis, climate crisis, economic crisis together mean that households and community planners must make more conscious sustainable choices. Housing and personal transport constitute a large part of society's energy use, climate impact and economy. Conscious choices are required from both housing seekers and community planners.

The web platform Bostadsläget (bostadslaget.com) enables housing seekers to find neighbourhoods throughout Sweden that have the qualities they want – where they want to live. At the same time, they can see their everyday energy use, energy costs, climate impact, housing and transport costs – where they can live.

The platform also enables community planners to analyse neighbourhoods and new housing projects. The trade-off between qualities and costs in different neighbourhoods is visualized. The platform calculates everyday energy use, energy costs, carbon dioxide emissions, housing prices and transport costs for new plans and regional comparisons. The housing situation will be available in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Uppsala in 2023 and will become nationwide with this project.

The platform builds on extensive research and analysis models on housing values, travel habits, energy use and climate impact. This report describes key figures and calculations that have been developed for housing and transport. The key figures are based on statistics from the Swedish Energy Agency, the Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning's energy declarations and climate database and reference values for buildings, as well as public transport within metropolitan regions.

In the Re-Membrane project, the project participants have developed and manufactured plastic film for buildings and tunnel membranes including recycled plastic raw material. RISE has performed testing the products for long-term applications. The following products and companies are included in this study. For example, a building film from three partners: Rani Plast, Draken, Trioworld. For example, a plastic membrane for tunnels from one partner: Oldroys DrainX.

The purpose this LCA study is to show the climate reduction potential for recycled plastics in building products and construction. A simplified Life Cycle Analysis has been carried out on the products to assess the climate reduction potential of replacing new raw materials with recycled ones. The data collection is built on companies own data derived from environmental products declarations EPDs and carbon footprint. The data collection builds also on the type of recycled plastics used, such as the use of spill, the use of consumer plastics and the use of ocean plastics. The results are also applied to construction of wooden and office buildings, as well as the Swedish Housing Agencies climate database and climate impact data for buildings of typical housing in Sweden and in the Nordic countries.

The results have shown that the climate reduction potential for plastic films between 20% and 80%, the reduction potential is reduced depend on recycling/transport are between 6,5% and up to 50% and that the reduction potential for plastics in buildings are between 0,5% - 19%. The climate reduction potential for plastics in buildings in the Nordic are 1,5-1,75 kg CO2/m2 heated living area.

The results have shown that there is a difference in data collection and functional unit, as well as databases that influence the climate impact. For example, the latest Ecoinvent database from 2024 has a 20-30% higher climate impacts for plastics.

In conclusion, the carbon footprint for recycled plastics in plastics film and tunnel membranes have been studied. The climate reduction potential for recycled plastics in buildings in in Sweden and the Nordic countries have also been included in this study.

Lösningar för klimatsmarta evenemang är ett projekt som genom ett flertal metoder har identifierat, samlat, strukturerat och testat olika åtgärder för evenemangsarrangörer att minska utsläppen från sina evenemang. Projektets övergripande syfte var undersöka hur man kan minska växthusgasutsläpp från evenemang och målet var att uppnå detta genom att ta fram, testa och utvärdera tjänster och lösningar som kan användas av evenemangsarrangörer för att planera och genomföra evenemang med lägre klimatpåverkan. Lösningar skulle samlas i ett nytt planeringsverktyg för evenemangsarrangörer.

I detta arbete används begreppet evenemang i vid bemärkelse som ett samlingsbegrepp för olika typer av event, så som konserter, idrottsevenemang, festivaler men också möten, kongresser och mässor.

Projektet har arbetat med utsläpp av växthusgaser kopplat till evenemang i fem kategorier; persontransporter, godstransporter, boende/övernattning, mat och dryck samt energi och resurser. Störst fokus har legat på transportrelaterade utsläpp då besökares resor till evenemang ofta står för det största andelen av de totala klimatutsläppen. Projektet har föreslagit vidare utveckling och demonstration av ett antal transportrelaterade lösningar som kan förenkla för evenemangsarrangörer att påverka besökares resval, men har också arbetat med lösningar inom andra kategorier så som mat och dryck, kläder och merchandise, samt engångsprodukter.

En betydande del av projektet har fokuserat på att utveckla ett digitalt verktyg för evenemangsarrangörer som skall hjälpa dem att planera och följa upp sina evenemang avseende totala utsläpp av växthusgaser. Det digitala verktyget finns i en version 1.0 som är tillgänglig för en mindre grupp arrangörer, men det finns också en ansökan om ett fortsättningsprojekt syftar till att färdigställa och implementera verktyget så att det går att sprida till evenemangsarrangörer i Sverige. Verktyget består idag av en beräkningsdel, en checklistedel, ett lösningsbibliotek och en del där arrangören kan avge klimatlöften.

Projektet har genomfört innovationslabb och expertledda workshops inom de fem utsläppkategorierna persontransporter, godstransporter, boende/övernattning, mat och dryck samt energi och resursanvändning för att identifiera klimatsmarta lösningar som redan används eller som kan användas av evenemangsbranschen för att minska utsläpp. En del av dessa lösningar har också testats vid evenemang och utvärderats under projektets gång.

Arbetet med testerna visar att besökare till evenemang önskar paketerade erbjudanden och rabatter som tillsammans utgör ett attraktivt alternativ till att åka bil. Paketerade erbjudanden kan innehålla biljettköp kombinerade med nationella och regionala tåg- och bussresor, rabatterade kollektivtrafikbiljetter, hotellerbjudanden och biljetter till övriga turistmål. Arbetet med testerna visar också att cirkulära lösningar har en stor potential att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser. Dock är det viktigt att utforma sådana lösningar med mycket eftertanke för hur tjänsten upplevs och ska användas av besökarna. Logistik och övriga praktiska element kan dessutom ha en stor påverkan på utsläpp. Genomförda tester under projektets gång visar också att kommunikation och marknadsföring av klimatsmarta lösningar kan vara en avgörande faktor. Återigen är det viktigt att anpassa lösningen till den tänkta målgruppen inklusive när och hur de bör informeras. Flera tester visar exempelvis att besökare planerar sina resor till evenemang i samband med biljettköpet och därför är det viktigt att sprida information om erbjudanden och eventuella paketerade lösningar redan vid köptillfället. I övrigt har projektet indikerat att miljöinformation som visar på möjlighet att göra val som minskar utsläppen av växthusgaser inte motiverar besökarna like mycket som exempelvis specialerbjudanden och rabatter. För mat och dryck visar ett av projektets sista tester att nudging (puffning) i form av menyplacering, lekfullhet och bibehållen valfrihet kunde öka försäljningen av veganska alternativ signifikant. Utformning av nudging-insatserna spelade dock stor roll för utfallet.

Under projektet har även två innovationslabb arrangerats, ett med fokus på persontransporter och ett där problemställningar kopplade till godstransporter behandlades. Bägge tillfällena genererade goda lösningsförslag. Godstransportlabbets initiala frågeställningar var mer preciserade och här resulterade också lösningsförslagen i vidare konceptutveckling av en digital plattform för hantering av godstransporter och kommunikation med leverantörer och chaufförer.

Circular economy is expected to transform the way we produced, use and operate, and provide recycle services. Circular economy encapsulates a wide range of services including repair service and collection services and recycling services. While the industry is developing better ways of saving energy and material, the efficient use of resources is still a challenge. How are circular economy implemented in the industry? The research projects include practical solutions and application in the automotive sector, in the plastics sector and in the building sector. The research method is based on a LCA based approach. The examples from industry show that the dominant use of impact in industry is the use of carbon footprint. Less is known on other sustainability aspects. For example, the use of secondary materials and critical or biobased resources. For example, the direct and indirect social benefits of circular solutions. The direct effect of more workforce locally on repairing service. The indirect effect of using less resources, such as critical resources and less mining. To promote the circular economy a broader sustainability approach is needed.

To assist the sustainable development of the building sector, designers require tools illustrating the most viable design options. This paper, starting by presenting the opportunities and limitations of the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology and Digital Product Passport (DPP) instrument when applied to Custom Modules for Curtain Walls, proposes a Semantic Data-driven Framework to facilitate the design of low-carbon and circular façade modules. Based on literature and the practical outcome of the H2020 project Basajaun, this framework integrates computer-aided technologies that manufacturing companies commonly employ to automate an efficient sustainability assessment process using primary data. This solution innovates industrial process management and architectural design and supports the creation of greener products. It also facilitates the output of documents supporting end-of-life scenarios. The development methodology involves investigating required quantitative project data, environmental factors, and circularity information, as well as the definition of flowcharts for the Life Cycle Inventory, extending a best practice for the façade module’s DPP. Furthermore, the methodology implicates data collection and IT implementation and organisation. This is through the definition of an ontology conceived for interconnection between digital systems. The findings shall contribute to implementing the LCA and DPP practices for custom prefabricated façade modules and suggest areas for further development. Challenges include obtaining and sharing data on environmental impacts and circularity, but involving stakeholders and addressing technical limitations can improve sustainability. 

Digitalisation is expected to transform the way we produce and provide services. Digitalisation encapsulates a wide range of systems including e.g. IoT systems with the choice of sensory equipment, algorithms and AI, data storage and integrations into ecosystems of health data. While the sector is developing smarter and digital solutions, less is known about the operation of such systems and the area of Product Service Systems (PSS). The research project includes practical operations of digital solution in the hospital service sector and includes the evaluation of environmental and the social benefits of home monitoring solutions. The research method is based on an LCA approach. The system includes IoT, AI and health service. The functional unit is multi-functional and include digital service and the service provided for patients. We used a modular approach and use several functional units to overcome the methodological challenges. By that we can relate results to different part of the digital service, or the health service provided. The preliminary results show that home monitoring will increase the use of digital equipment and data storage, while reducing transport of patient to and from the hospital. This has highlighted implications on both the product design (direct effects) and the service design (indirect effects). In hospital routine situations, the time is saved to a large extend, and IoT used for providing better service, while patients transport, and climate impacts are reduced. In an emergency, home monitoring might prevent the hospital transports and climate impacts reduced to a larger extend.

Denna rapport en del av projektet klimatsmart event finansierad av Vinnova (FFI). Projektet har letts av Kristina Holmgren (Elektromobilitet, RISE) som har erfarenheter av klimatsmarta transporttjänster. Projektet sker i samarbete med ett stort antal företag verksamma inom event (Got Event, Göteborg& Company, Svenska Mässan, etc)

Projektet har genomförts i samarbete med Erik Lundberg (Centrum för Turism, GU), som har tidigare erfarenheter kring klimatsmart semester och klimatsmart event. Han leder arbetspaket kring ett digitalt klimatverktyg. Projektet har genomförts i samarbete med Steven Sarasini (Sustainable Business, RISE), som har erfarenheter av klimatsmarta transporttjänster. Han leder arbetspaket klimatsmarta åtgärder.

Projektet har genomförts i samarbete med experter, så som Birgit Brunklaus (Energi och miljösystem analys, RISE), som är ansvarig för klimatsmart boende. Hon har varit med och granskade klimatdata från verktyget klimatsmart semester och har erfarenheter inom livscykelanalyser och klimatanalyser av konsert (LCA konsert 2023).

Resultaten visar klimatdata som ska användas inom det digitala verktyget (exkludera frukost):

- Hotellövernattning = 5,5 kg CO2 (4 star)

- Hotellövernattning = 3,1 kg CO2 (3 star)

- Vandrarhemsövernattning = 2,1 kg CO2 (2 star)

- Lägenhet (hyrd) = 1,8-2,3 kg CO2 (hyrd) eller enkel rum = 0,9-1,1 kg CO2 (hyrd)

- Lägenhet (privat)= 0,6-0,8 kg CO2 (Privat) eller enkel rum = 0,3-0,4 kg CO2 (Privat)

- Noll CO2 (ingen extra energi behövs)

Resultaten visar klimatdata som ska användas inom det digitala verktyget för frukost:

- Frukost = 1,4 kg CO2 (lyxfrukost inom ett 4 stjärnigt hotell)

- Frukost = 0,9 kg CO2 (normal frukost inom ett 3 stjärnigt hotell)

- Frukost = 0,354 kg CO2 (liten frukost 2 stjärnigt hotell eller vandrahemsnatt)

Resultaten visar möjliga åtgärder och goda exempel för klimatsmart hotell:

- Klimatsmart tvätt = 0,4 kg CO2 (tunnare sängkläder, minskad tvätt handdukar)

- Klimatsmart värme = 1,2 kg CO2 (Byte till fjärrvärme eller pellets)

- Klimatsmart el/städ = 0,05 kg CO2 (Byte elavtal fossilfritt/förnybart) - Klimatsmart köldmedel = 1 kg CO2 (Byte köldmedel)

- Klimatsmart frukost= 0,354 kg CO2 (liten), 0,9 kg CO2 (normal), 1,4 kg CO2 (lyx)

- Minska spill för frukost = 200g inköp och 100g spill till 40g spill = 50% till 20% Slutligen tas fram möjliga indikatorer och goda exempel för klimatsmart event.

More and more digital solutions are implemented on a municipality level. The potential to reduce time and reduce climate impact seems to be at hand. However, are digital solutions able to reduce time and climate impacts in general? The aim of this study is assessing the carbon footprint of digital solutions in three waste collection systems: Waste collection in the city centre, Textile collection and Recycling stations. The functional unit is one year of waste collection service with digital solutions (IoT). The climate impacts are allocated to different actors in the waste collection chain. The reason for that is to elaborate on the service part and the consumption part of the service. Therefore, an actor based LCA method is used to discern the climate impacts from the digital service, the collection service, and the citizen. The results for all three types of waste collection system show that the carbon footprint of the digital solution is neglectable. On the other hand, from the operator´s feedback, the operation time is saved in waste collection service, that can be used for providing a better service, while the major climate reduction cannot be reached through using recycled material for the plastic bags for city waste collection, as well as more efficient transport. The results also show that in both the textile waste collection and the recycling stations services, the major climate impacts come from transport of the citizens to the collection system. Instead of reducing climate impacts, the digital solutions for municipal services lead to better service for the citizens.

Chairs: Anna Furberg   Birgit Brunklaus   Kari-Anne Lyng   Reinout Heijungs    

The production, use and waste management of hardware and software are associated with significant environmental and social direct impacts. At the same time, digitalization and artificial intelligence (AI) can promote sustainability, for example by the optimization of processes leading to indirect effects like reduced energy demand. Uncertainties are extensive for this rapidly changing sector, as exemplified by contradictory results in future projections for the global Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector’s direct climate impact (Bieser et al., 2023) and the scarcity of LCAs on AI systems (Ligozat et al, 2022). Several key aspects in influencing the impacts of digitalisation, such as number of devices, data traffic and energy efficiency improvements, have been identified (Furberg & Finnveden, 2023) but further research is needed on how to model these aspects in future LCAs. The main focus of this session is on methodological developments and case studies for LCA of digital technologies.As digital services and AI systems often are multi-functional by nature, LCA of such services require special attention when it comes to definition of the functional unit (Shi et al., 2022). The functional unit and the system boundaries must be appropriate to the scope of the system: Is the study intended to give decision support on what to digitalise and what to use AI for, or to optimise an existing or planned system?Submissions that address and provide recommendations related to methodological challenges while considering direct and/or indirect impacts are highly suited for this session. Examples of expected case study areas for submissions include LCAs of currently fast-growing digital technologies, such as AI and the Internet of Things, and LCAs of software.

Bieser et al (2023). A review of assessments of the greenhouse gas footprint and abatement potential of information and communication technology. Environ Impact Assess Rev, 99, 107033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2022.107033Furberg, A., & Finnveden, G. (2023). Towards the identification of key aspects for future scenarios of the information and communication technology sector’s climate impact – Extended abstract. Joint Proceedings of ICT4S 2023 Doctoral Symposium, Demonstrations & Posters Track and Workshops. Rennes, France.Ligozat et al (2022) Unraveling the Hidden Environmental Impacts of AI Solutions for Environment Life Cycle Assessment of AI Solutions. Sustainability, 14, 5172.Shi et al (2022) Functionality‐based life cycle assessment framework: An information and communication technologies (ICT) product case study. Journal of industrial ecology, 26(3), pp.782-800.

Method Report Event & Klimat v 1.0

The digital tool Event & Climate has been developed within the framework of the Vinnova-funded project Climate-smart solutions for events. Within the project, a digital tool was developed to be able to carry out climate calculations. This report includes a method description and documentation of data collection and calculations developed within the project. The toolbox is web-based and has been named Event and Climate. The tool contains four main functions: calculation, a checklist, climate pledge and a library. The report focuses on the calculation function of the tool since it is mainly this part that contains climate data with the aim of calculating the total climate impact of an event and the climate impact per event participant. The calculation part includes climate data in the following areas: accommodation, passenger transport, freight transport, food, energy, purchasing of products and waste. Since the toolbox is intended for event planners and includes more modules than passenger transport and accommodation, a larger system perspective and company perspective is required when it comes to data collection. The purpose of data collection for the toolbox is to obtain climate data with equivalent assumptions and system boundaries: passenger transport and travel (lifecycle emissions from fuel and vehicle production), housing (lifecycle emissions from heating, electricity and laundry, and purchases of products), food (lifecycle emissions from meals and food production), goods (lifecycle emissions from purchases and production), freight transport (lifecycle emissions from fuel and vehicle production), waste (lifecycle emissions from waste management without new production and energy recovery), energy (lifecycle emissions from electricity and heat production). This report includes the documentation of the data collection by the experts and their method description and climate calculations. The report includes an introduction to the GHG protocol and its use within events. The report also includes a comparison and a reference to the GHG protocols. This is to obtain a consistent framework that includes assumptions and system boundaries for the different types of climate data used within the tool. The report also includes good examples and suggestions for improvement.