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Alfredsson, H. & Hagman, J. (2026). Nulägesanalys V2X. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Nulägesanalys V2X
2026 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Denna rapport gör en nulägesanalys av området V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything) och är framtagen av RISE på uppdrag av Energimyndigheten. I dialog med uppdragsgivaren identifierades ett flertal intressanta frågeställningar inom området som rapporten dyker djupare i. Rapporten ska även ses som en uppdatering av den tidigare syntesrapporten från 2023 på samma ämne, som då togs fram av Power Circle på uppdrag av Energimyndigheten. En huvudsaklig avgränsning i rapporten är att endast de delar inom V2X som rör dubbelriktad laddning (utbyte av el med omgivningen) inkluderas.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 2026. p. 54
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2026:45
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-81479 (URN)978-91-90109-74-8 (ISBN)
Note

QC 20260428

Available from: 2026-04-28 Created: 2026-04-28 Last updated: 2026-04-28Bibliographically approved
Martins Silva Ramos, É. & Hagman, J. (2026). Swedish EV Users’ Routines and Behaviors Without Home Charging Availability †. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 17(6)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Swedish EV Users’ Routines and Behaviors Without Home Charging Availability †
2026 (English)In: World Electric Vehicle Journal, E-ISSN 2032-6653, Vol. 17, no 6Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study investigates the charging behaviors, routines, and perceptions of Swedish electric vehicle (EV) users who lack access to home charging, a group that remains underrepresented in the EV adoption literature. Based on an online survey of 250 EV users—primarily located in Gothenburg—respondents were divided into two groups: those with and those without home charging availability. Nearly half of the sample (47.6%) reported not having access to charging at home. Comparative analyses, including linear regression models, were conducted to examine differences in sociodemographic characteristics, charging patterns, and perceptions of public charging. While the two groups were similar in terms of age, gender, vehicle type, charging frequency, and minimum state of charge preferences, significant differences emerged in perceived convenience, distance, and freedom to charge. Users without home charging availability reported lower access to workplace charging and evaluated public charging as less convenient and less accessible. Charging behavior in both groups was primarily goal-oriented and triggered by minimum state of charge rather than spontaneous opportunities. The findings highlight the structural disadvantages faced by users without home charging and underline the importance of adapting public charging infrastructure and policy strategies to support a broader and more equitable transition to electric mobility

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG, 2026
Keywords
charging behavior, electric vehicle, home charging
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-81990 (URN)10.3390/wevj17060305 (DOI)2-s2.0-105043132326 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding text: This research was funded by the Swedish Innovation Agency Vinnova, grant number 2023-00778.

Funding details: VINNOVA, VINNOVA, (2023-00778); VINNOVA, VINNOVA

Available from: 2026-07-16 Created: 2026-07-16 Last updated: 2026-07-16Bibliographically approved
Martins Silva Ramos, É., Lindgren, T., Andersson, J. & Hagman, J. (2026). Users’ Perspectives of Bidirectional Charging in Public Environments. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 17(4)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Users’ Perspectives of Bidirectional Charging in Public Environments
2026 (English)In: World Electric Vehicle Journal, E-ISSN 2032-6653, Vol. 17, no 4Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Technological advances such as Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) have the potential to support renewable energy integration and grid stability, but large-scale deployment depends on users’ willingness to participate, particularly in public charging environments. While prior research has examined V2G from technical feasibility and system-level perspectives, everyday public settings remain unexplored. This study investigates electric vehicle (EV) users’ willingness to engage in V2G services in public spaces, with a focus on incentives, expectations, and how participation aligns with existing routines and parking conditions. A mixed-method approach was applied, combining a survey of 544 car users with two waves of user-centered interviews. The survey data were analyzed using factor analysis and linear regression models, while the interview data were thematically analyzed. The results show that users’ evaluations of V2G are shaped by sustainability expectations, perceived efficiency, and uncertainties, and preferences for public V2G participation are strongly influenced by convenience, clarity of the offer, and perceived control. Home charging practices emerged as a key reference point shaping expectations of public V2G services. Across both methods, simple and transparent incentives, such as reduced charging or parking costs, were consistently preferred over more complex reward models, including point-based systems or dynamic energy trading. Concerns related to control over trips, battery degradation, trust in service providers, and added complexity remain important barriers to participation. The findings highlight the need for user-centered and socio-technical design of public V2G services that align with users’ everyday routines, parking conditions, and expectations to support broader adoption beyond the home context

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG, 2026
Keywords
bidirectional charging, charging behavior, electric vehicles, V2G
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-81571 (URN)10.3390/wevj17040176 (DOI)2-s2.0-105037049559 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2026-05-13 Created: 2026-05-13 Last updated: 2026-05-18Bibliographically approved
Martins Silva Ramos, É. & Hagman, J. (2025). Swedish EV users’ routines and behaviors without home charging availability. In: EVS3 8 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium: . Paper presented at EVS38. Göteborg, Sweden, June 15-18, 2025.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Swedish EV users’ routines and behaviors without home charging availability
2025 (English)In: EVS3 8 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium, 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

This paper presents the results of an online survey addressed to current EV users in Sweden. The aim of the paper is to improve knowledge of a previously overlooked group in the electric vehicle adoption literature – households that lack the possibility to install their own home charger. Of specific interest in this investigation is revealing the charging needs, behaviors, and perceptions of this group. The results of the study are based on an online survey with 250 EV users, the majority of whom were in Gothenburg. EV users were divided into two groups: a group with home charging availability and a group without home charging availability. Linear regression models comparing the two groups showed that users without home charging availability perceive public charging as less convenient, further from their homes, and they have a lower perception of freedom to charge.

Keywords
Electric Vehicles; Consumer behaviour; Social equity; Optimal charging locations
National Category
Civil Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-78732 (URN)
Conference
EVS38. Göteborg, Sweden, June 15-18, 2025
Note

We thank the Swedish Innovation Agency Vinnova for funding the project and participating project partners for assisting in the survey data gathering process.

Available from: 2025-08-14 Created: 2025-08-14 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Martins Silva Ramos, É., Lindgren, T., Andersson, J. & Hagman, J. (2025). Users’ perspectives of bi-directional charging in public environments. In: EVS3 8 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium: . Paper presented at EVS38. Göteborg, Sweden, June 15-18, 2025.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Users’ perspectives of bi-directional charging in public environments
2025 (English)In: EVS3 8 International Battery, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Symposium, 2025Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Vehicle users’ adoption of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is essential for the system's ability to perform V2G grid services. What charging preferences, needs and routines do EV users have and why? What future expectations do EV users have for bi-directional charging? To answer these research questions, a multimethod study is performed (interviews and survey). The following themes were identified as critical for the acceptance of V2G technology in the everyday life of the interviewees: Convenient and resilient home, minimum range for emergencies, fear of battery degradation, trust in system providers, economic and social incentives, user preferences and need for control. Linear regression models identified associations between sociodemographic characteristics and evaluations of V2G in terms of sustainability and efficiency. The interest in creating resilient homes among certain consumers and EV drivers suggests a demand for services that integrate technologies for home energy efficiency and V2G.

Keywords
Electric Vehicles; Consumer behaviour; V2H&V2G; Social equity; Optimal charging locations
National Category
Environmental Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-78733 (URN)
Conference
EVS38. Göteborg, Sweden, June 15-18, 2025
Note

We want to acknowledge the Swedish Energy Agency for funding the project and all project partners from the PEPP project: Lindholmen Science Park; Johanneberg Science Park; Volvo Cars; Chalmers; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden; CTEK Sweden; Easypark; Göteborgs stads Parkering; Mölndals Parkering; Göteborg Energi Nät; Mölndal Energi; Business Region Göteborg; MölnDala Fastighets AB.

Available from: 2025-08-14 Created: 2025-08-14 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Hagman, J., Hao Chen, B. & Carlson, A. (2023). Teknisk utveckling och beteende och påverkan på behov av infrastruktur.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Teknisk utveckling och beteende och påverkan på behov av infrastruktur
2023 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Denna slutrapport är resultatet av ett direktuppdrag som tilldelades RISE Research Institute of Sweden AB, efter avrop från ramavtal, av Energimyndigheten i maj 2023. Direktuppdraget är en delmängd av regeringsuppdraget ”Handlingsprogram för laddinfrastruktur och tankinfrastruktur för vätgas”. Uppdraget har genomförts av tre forskare från RISE under perioden juni till augusti år 2023 med en total budget på 250 029 kr. Det huvudsakliga syftet har varit att belysa sex teknik- och användartrender inom elektromobilitet som har potential att påverka utbyggnadsbehovet av laddinfrastruktur och tankinfrastruktur för vätgas. De sex teknik- och användartrenderna som identifierats är: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), batteribyten, laddhybrider 2.0, batteristorlek, bilpooler och vätgas. Teknik- och användartrenderna har analyserats individuellt genom omvärldsanalys där marknads- och teknikmognad, ledande länder/regioner och företag samt aktuell forskning är huvudsakliga källor. Vidare har varje teknik- och användartrend analyserats utifrån deras möjliga påverkan på utbyggnadsbehovet av laddinfrastruktur eller tankinfrastruktur för vätgas. I rapporten används begreppen DC snabbladdning och AC destinationsladdning. DC snabbladdning utgår ifrån EU:s definition vilket inkluderar DC laddning över 50 kW, i denna rapport innefattas även DC laddning över 150 kW vilket av EU benämns som Ultrasnabbladdning1. AC destinationsladdning syftar i denna rapport på AC laddning på upp till 22 kW, vilket av EU klassificeras som långsam (upp till 7,4 kW) och mediumsnabb AC laddning2. Arbetet bör ses som en övergripande nulägesbild över hur dessa teknik- och användartrender har utvecklats och en preliminär kvalitativ bedömning av dess möjliga påverkan på Sveriges framtida behov av infrastruktur för laddning och vätgas. För huvuddelen av teknik- och användartrenderna råder alltjämt stor osäkerhet kring framtida utveckling och den möjliga påverkan på utbyggnadsbehovet av laddinfrastruktur och tankinfrastruktur för vätgas. Området har hittills fått lite uppmärksamhet i den vetenskapliga litteraturen. Rapporten är uppdelad i sex kapitel, ett kapitel per teknik- och användartrend.

Publisher
p. 78
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-68141 (URN)
Available from: 2023-12-04 Created: 2023-12-04 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Leijon, J., Hagman, J., Alfredsson, H., Ghaem Sigarchian, S., Ollas, P., Aalhuizen, C., . . . Thomas, K. (2022). Airports with increased electrification – an ongoing project with case studies in Sweden. In: 35th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS35) Oslo, Norway, June 11-15, 2022: . Paper presented at 35th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS35) Oslo, Norway, June 11-15, 2022., 2022.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Airports with increased electrification – an ongoing project with case studies in Sweden
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2022 (English)In: 35th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS35) Oslo, Norway, June 11-15, 2022, 2022Conference paper, Published paper (Other academic)
Keywords
charging, electric drive, electricity, infrastructure, energy consumption, Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering, Elektroteknik och elektronik
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-62539 (URN)
Conference
35th International Electric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS35) Oslo, Norway, June 11-15, 2022., 2022
Available from: 2023-01-24 Created: 2023-01-24 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-5201-3362

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