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Grahn, S. & Ribeiro, L. (2025). Enhancing Resource Efficiency through Effective Communication: A Workshop-Based Approach. Paper presented at 6th International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing, ISM 2024. Procedia Computer Science, 253, 912-921
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Enhancing Resource Efficiency through Effective Communication: A Workshop-Based Approach
2025 (English)In: Procedia Computer Science, E-ISSN 1877-0509, Vol. 253, p. 912-921Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

There are indications that digital transformation projects largely fail to meet the expected results. In the context of such failures it is important to analyze if the definition of desired results and value is correctly established during the start-up phase of such projects. This is particularly important in digital transformation projects with a pronounced focus on improving resource efficiency. This paper explores how proper specification of desired results in digital transformation projects with emphasis in resource efficiency can improve the projects’ outcomes. The results obtained are qualitative in nature, but insightful, and are based on findings from four technical workshops with industrial 6 companies and 2 higher education/technology transfer institutions, engaged in a joint project with heavy innovation and technological development efforts. The workshops identified barriers and opportunities for resource efficiency specification practices, aiming to reduce the high failure rate of digital transformation projects. The first workshop explored how desired "improvement"in production systems is specified, while subsequent ones examined how the desired increase of the Value/Resource ratio (V/R) is specified, and its impact on technical solutions for this objective. The final workshop discussed successful digitalization projects that increase V/R, even when the questions from the previous workshops remain unanswered. Key success factors included stakeholder collaboration, needs identification, flexibility in solutions, experience, competence, and luck. The findings underscore the importance of stakeholder interaction, adaptive decision-making, collective competence, and the ability of technology implementers to discern the ’desired value’ from the customer’s perspective even as this value is not specified by the customer. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V., 2025
Keywords
Digital transformation; Education technology; Effective communication; High educations; Industrial communications; Project outcomes; Resource efficiencies; Resource pool; Resource ratios; Start-up phase
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-78445 (URN)10.1016/j.procs.2025.01.153 (DOI)2-s2.0-105000485683 (Scopus ID)
Conference
6th International Conference on Industry 4.0 and Smart Manufacturing, ISM 2024
Note

This study was part of the Flap research project (Sustainable and Flexible Automation of Seasonal Production through Dynamic) Resource Management financed by the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (Vinnova) under the grant 2021-01283. The research was performed in the context of the XPRES environment at RISE AB and MDU.

Available from: 2025-09-16 Created: 2025-09-16 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Johansen, K. & Grahn, S. (2022). Digital Tools for Supporting Production Preparation: Reflections Related to Designing Human-Robot Collaboration Layouts. In: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering: . Paper presented at 29th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, TE 2022, 5 July 2022 through 8 July 2022 (pp. 301-309). IOS Press BV
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Digital Tools for Supporting Production Preparation: Reflections Related to Designing Human-Robot Collaboration Layouts
2022 (English)In: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, IOS Press BV , 2022, p. 301-309Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Accelerating technological developments and increasing competition make it important to secure the development of production solutions that allows for resource efficient layouts and continuous improvements. When developing production solutions, the usage of digital tools is an important asset that supports production preparation engineers in their work. However, the emerging possibilities to design production layouts where the operator and a robot collaboratively share a task, add more challenges for production preparation engineers. The production layout become more complex, with more parameters to analyze for a safe and secure working environment, supporting a safe interaction between technologies and operators. The design of human-robot-collaborative (HRC) layouts, with ever shorter product life cycles, could benefit from an increased use of digital tools, as ever more powerful simulation and design tools are available on the market. This paper will explore digital tools (such as simulation, emulation, visualization) and their potential contribution for different HRC layout designing steps. Based on this, the needs to be reflected in a guideline for a digitalized production preparation process will be explored from the perspective of developing a human-robot collaborative layout.. © 2022 The authors

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOS Press BV, 2022
Keywords
Digital tools, Human-Robot Collaboration, Industrialization, Production preparation, Production system, Digital devices, Life cycle, Product design, Robots, Continuous improvements, Human robots, Industrialisation, Production layout, Resource-efficient, Technological development, Machine design
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-61385 (URN)10.3233/ATDE220659 (DOI)2-s2.0-85142167261 (Scopus ID)9781614994398 (ISBN)
Conference
29th ISTE International Conference on Transdisciplinary Engineering, TE 2022, 5 July 2022 through 8 July 2022
Note

Funding details: VINNOVA; Funding details: Stiftelsen för Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling, KKS; Funding text 1: The authors acknowledge the Swedish Governmental Agency for Innovation Systems (Vinnova) its Strategic Innovation Program FFI for research project funding. The research was performed in the context of the XPRES environment at RISE AB and MDU in Sweden, as well as within the SPARK research environment at Jönköping University funded by the Knowledge Foundation in Sweden.

Available from: 2022-12-12 Created: 2022-12-12 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Grahn, S., Granlund, A. & Lindhult, E. (2021). Barriers to value specification when carrying out digitalization projects. Technology Innovation Management Review, 11(5), 54-64
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Barriers to value specification when carrying out digitalization projects
2021 (English)In: Technology Innovation Management Review, E-ISSN 1927-0321, Vol. 11, no 5, p. 54-64Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

If digitalization projects aim to effectively create value for a company, one precondition is having a shared view among company staff and project members of what the "desirable" value is. However, it has been shown that few companies fully understand the value that digitalization projects can create for them, while many companies still launch digitalization projects without this understanding. This contributes to the current "alarmingly" low success rate for digitalization projects. Development of effective methods to specify the desired values of digitalization projects is thus important. One step in developing improved specification methods is to ask what the possible barriers are to improving current value specification practices. The purpose of the current study is to address this. We analyzed several digitalization projects regarding how specifications of desired project value were carried out, finding that very limited resources are spent on specifying desired values in digitalization projects, and that this limits project success. Likewise, there are several barriers to increasing resources for specifying desired values. Our findings contribute to understanding the development of value specification methods that aim to overcome these barriers and thus could help improve the success rate of digitalization projects. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Carleton University, 2021
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-57374 (URN)10.22215/TIMREVIEW/1442 (DOI)2-s2.0-85108267562 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding details: VINNOVA; Funding text 1: This study was part of the research projects: Lean Automation Development (LEAD), “Automated design of production tools” (ADaPT), “Efficient automation for adapted products in Swedish factories” (e-Factory) financed by the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (Vinnova), and “Sustainable Textile Barriers” (Texbar) financed by Mistra Innovation. The research was performed in the context of the XPRES environment at RISE IVF AB and MDH.

Available from: 2021-12-22 Created: 2021-12-22 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Grahn, S., Granlund, A. & Lindhult, E. (2020). How to Deal with Differing Views of Resource Efficiency when Carrying out Digitalization Projects. Paper presented at 9th Swedish Production Symposium, SPS 2020, 7 October 2020 through 8 October 2020. Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, 13, 71-82
Open this publication in new window or tab >>How to Deal with Differing Views of Resource Efficiency when Carrying out Digitalization Projects
2020 (English)In: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering, ISSN 2352-751X, Vol. 13, p. 71-82Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Having project goals that are shared among project members are preconditions for resource efficient as well effective projects and operations. However, specifying and communicating project goals require an ability to identify goals that are indeed commonly shared. Rapid technological developments may require digitalization projects that lead to large portions of existing company staff being redundant, making it possible to assume that the quest of finding a commonly shared view of what is resource-efficient' will be increasingly challenging. Development of methods to specify project goals that are incentivizing for all project members and staff can hence be assumed to be important. One step in developing improved specification methods is to ask how the process to specify desired value from digitalization projects handles possible disagreements of what is desired value'. The purpose of this study was to answer this question. We analyzed several digitalization projects, and how specifications of desired project results impacted project outcomes. We found that potential disagreements regarding desirable project outcomes generally are avoided by avoiding specification of what a desirable resource efficiency outcome is, and how actual project outcomes should be measured. However, we also found that this practice also led to unsatisfying project outcomes regarding resource-efficiency improvements, and that improved methods to specify desired value from digitalization projects should be developed. Our findings support earlier findings that the general failure rate of digitalization projects is high, often due to insufficient specification of desired projects outcomes before the projects are initiated. Our findings contribute to the understanding that despite this, there are also perceived benefits of spending limited resources on specification of desired outcomes. If attempts to improve the success rate of digitalization projects by improving specifications of desired project outcomes is to succeed, these perceived benefits must be considered. © 2020 The authors

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOS Press BV, 2020
Keywords
automation, digitalization, effectiveness, resource-efficiency, Value, Efficiency, Failure analysis, Project management, Failure rate, Perceived benefits, Project goals, Project outcomes, Resource efficiencies, Resource-efficient, Technological development, Specifications
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-51952 (URN)10.3233/ATDE200144 (DOI)2-s2.0-85098646351 (Scopus ID)9781614994398 (ISBN)
Conference
9th Swedish Production Symposium, SPS 2020, 7 October 2020 through 8 October 2020
Note

Funding details: VINNOVA; Funding text 1: This study was part of the research projects: ‘Automated design of production tools’ (ADaPT) and ‘Efficient automation for adapted products in Swedish factories’ (e-Factory) financed by the Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems (Vinnova). And ‘Sustainable Textile Barriers’ (Texbar) financed by Mistra Innovation. The research was performed in the context of the XPRES environment at Rise IVF AB and Mälardalen University.

Available from: 2021-01-28 Created: 2021-01-28 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Centerholt, V., Kjiddero, F., Saarikko, T. & Grahn, S. (2020). Value Chains vs. Ecosystems: Current Perspectives among Swedish SMEs Entering the Interconnected World of IoT. In: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering at SPS2020: . Paper presented at 9th Swedish Production Symposium, SPS 2020, 7 October 2020 through 8 October 2020 (pp. 489-500). IOS Press BV
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Value Chains vs. Ecosystems: Current Perspectives among Swedish SMEs Entering the Interconnected World of IoT
2020 (English)In: Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering at SPS2020, IOS Press BV , 2020, p. 489-500Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Smart connected industrial products and the Internet of Things (IoT) are transforming the industrial business landscape in a radical way. To reach the full potential of IoT-Technologies manufacturing firms are forced to rethink almost every aspect of their value creation process. To utilize this promising digital technology and to cope with the new market conditions of IoT environments, research shows that industrial firms have to make a fundamental shift in value creation logic and break free from the value chain perspective of business. Instead they have to embrace a view where value is co-created within ecosystems in both a vertical and a horizontal manner. By exploring the value creation logic of small and medium sized (SME) Swedish industrial machinery manufacturers, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of how manufacturing firms view their value creation processes and how aligned this logic is to the latest research in IoT. The study found that Swedish industrial machine manufacturers do understand the transformative force of IoT-Technologies and see great business opportunities to utilize IoT in their business. The study, however, identified a lack of co-creation and difficulties in embracing an ecosystem perspective. While quick to embrace change on a technical level, respondents still adhere to a firm-centric and linear perspective of value creation, with a strong attachment to the value chain concept. The study suggests that it is not a lack of technical proficiency or engineering know-how, but rather an adherence to goods-dominant logic and attachment to the value chain concept that prevent Swedish SME manufacturers from fully embracing the growing market of industrial IoT. Hence, we see an urgent need for both practitioners and academia to shift their attention from the dazzling potential of cutting-edge technologies to the nitty-gritty business of incorporating co-creation and ecosystem-Thinking into current business practices. © 2020 The authors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOS Press BV, 2020
Keywords
Dominant Logic, Internet of Things, Qualitative Study, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Value Creation, Commerce, Computer circuits, Ecosystems, Industrial research, Machinery, Manufacture, Technology transfer, Business opportunities, Cutting edge technology, Digital technologies, Industrial machinery, Industrial machines, Internet of thing (IOT), Manufacturing firms, Value creation process, Industrial internet of things (IIoT)
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-51895 (URN)10.3233/ATDE200187 (DOI)2-s2.0-85098634848 (Scopus ID)9781614994398 (ISBN)
Conference
9th Swedish Production Symposium, SPS 2020, 7 October 2020 through 8 October 2020
Available from: 2021-01-22 Created: 2021-01-22 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Grahn, S., Gopinath, V., Wang, X. V. & Johansen, K. (2018). Exploring a Model for Production System Design to Utilize Large Robots in Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly Cells. Paper presented at 8th Swedish Production Symposium, SPS 2018, 16-18 May 2018, Stockholm, Sweden. Procedia Engineering, 25, 612-619
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Exploring a Model for Production System Design to Utilize Large Robots in Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly Cells
2018 (English)In: Procedia Engineering, E-ISSN 1877-7058, Vol. 25, p. 612-619Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

It has been shown that large robots can be safely installed for human-robot collaborative assembly cells in experimental setups. It has also been found that these installations require demanding considerations of a significant number of layout and safety parameters. This indicates that successful commercial implementations will require a resource efficient model for production system design that anticipates utilization of large robots in collaborative settings. Experiences from experimental setups have been used to explore a basic model for such production system design, to stimulate a discussion regarding what model characteristics should be tested and validated in future research.

Keywords
Automation, Human-Robot Collaboration; Production Design, Modeling
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-34928 (URN)10.1016/j.promfg.2018.06.094 (DOI)2-s2.0-85065662763 (Scopus ID)
Conference
8th Swedish Production Symposium, SPS 2018, 16-18 May 2018, Stockholm, Sweden
Available from: 2018-08-23 Created: 2018-08-23 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Grahn, S. (2017). Roadmap för samverkande robotar.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Roadmap för samverkande robotar
2017 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Många exempel finns på industriell automation, där en arbetsuppgift utförs med robotar som samverkar med andra robotar. Människan har dock regelmässigt hållits på avstånd, genom att omgärda robotar med staket, ljusbommar etc. Med senare års utveckling, har tekniska lösningar möjliggjort att människa och robot kan arbeta sida vid sida utan någon bur emellan, eller i direkt samverkan, för att lösa en arbetsuppgift. Detta brukar betecknas kollaborativa eller samverkande robotar, den senare beteckningen används i denna rapport. Generellt berör samverkan mellan människa och maskin ett mycket brett kunskapsoch kompetensområde. Att bara fråga sig vilka områden som bör utvecklas för att åstadkomma säker och kostnadseffektiv samverkan mellan människa och maskin är en utmaning i sig och denna rapport ger framförallt en beskrivning av viktiga utvecklingsområden som identifierats, med en ytlig redogörelse för forskningsfronten inom varje enskilt område. Vissa områden är relevanta att beakta för alla typer av produktionsinstallationer och har redan utvecklats långt medan andra områden är specifikt relevanta för samverkansinstallationer, där behov av vidare utveckling är tydligt för att samverkande robotinstallationer skall få maximal kommersiell framgång. Denna rapport ger en guidning i hur man kan identifiera områden som bör beaktas för att samverkande robotar skall kunna utvärderas på ett relevant sätt i jämförelse med alternativa industriella produktionsåtgärder, installeras och nyttjas kostnadseffektivt och säkert. Då operatörssäkerheten vid samverkansinstallationer både är beroende av operatörens agerande och av att tekniska styrsystem fungerar fullt ut är det av helt avgörande vikt att säkerhetsutmaningarna hanteras. Ett utvecklingsområde av stor betydelse för säkerheten likväl som för produktiviteten för samverkande robotar, är framtagande av bra lösningar för parallella och därmed potentiellt konfliktande styrinstruktioner. Detta omfattar både programmerade instruktioner och flera olika typer av fysiska instruktioner från operatör till robot. Små samverkande robotar har redan visat sig kommersiellt framgångrika då deinstalleras i ett existerande produktionsflöde, framförallt för enklare monteringsuppgifter. Små samverkande robotar har redan visat sig kommersiellt framgångrika då de installeras i ett existerande produktionsflöde, framförallt för enklare monteringsuppgifter. Med utveckling av framförallt effektivare säkerhetslösningar och metoder för optimerad design av layout för samverkande produktionsceller kan man anta att allt större samverkande robotar kommer kunna användas kommersiellt framgångsrikt inom en relativt snar framtid. Kunskap behövs, för att bygga både produktiva och ergonomiskt genomtänkta installationer. Ett viktigt utvecklingsområde är framtagande av modeller för hur man skall hantera det faktum, att: • Den tekniska utvecklingen kontinuerligt ökar möjligheten för produktiva installationer av samverkande robotar • Den tekniska utvecklingen minskar behovet av sådana installationer, eftersom fronten för vad som är tekniskt och ekonomiskt möjligt att automatisera till 100 % kontinuerligt flyttas framåt. En särskild utmaning med ökad grad av automatiserad tillverkning är att de människor som behövs för att driva, ställa om och underhålla utrustningen, blir allt viktigare nyckelpersoner, med allt högre krav avseende kompetens och tillgänglighet. Här kan stöd som effektiv distanskommunikation och digitala hjälpmedel få ökad betydelse.

Publisher
p. 30
Series
Swerea IVF-skrift 17802, ISSN 0349-0653
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-78540 (URN)978-91-86401-19-1 (ISBN)
Available from: 2025-06-05 Created: 2025-06-05 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Grahn, S., Langbeck, B., Johansen, K. & Backman, B. (2016). Potential Advantages Using Large Anthropomorphic Robots in Human-robot Collaborative, Hand Guided Assembly. Paper presented at 6th CIRP Conference on Assembly Technologies and Systems (CATS 2016), May 16-18, 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden. Procedia CIRP, 44, 281-286
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Potential Advantages Using Large Anthropomorphic Robots in Human-robot Collaborative, Hand Guided Assembly
2016 (English)In: Procedia CIRP, E-ISSN 2212-8271, Vol. 44, p. 281-286Article in journal, Meeting abstract (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Collaborative robot installations often mean man-machine workspace sharing. This mode of operation can lead to reductions of tact time and work space requirements. We have analyzed potential further benefits of man-machine collaboration, where operators and powerful robots share workspace, cooperating when lifting and handling large objects. We found that this mode of operation has the potential to generate economic advantages by reducing the need for manual operators and lifting tools and by offering new opportunities for component logistics.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier, 2016
Keywords
Anthropomorphic robots, Human computer interaction, Collaborative robots, Economic advantages, Human Machine Interface, Human robots, Human-robot collaboration, Man-machine collaboration, Mode of operations, Robot safety, Robots
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-30173 (URN)10.1016/j.procir.2016.02.036 (DOI)2-s2.0-84994120835 (Scopus ID)
Conference
6th CIRP Conference on Assembly Technologies and Systems (CATS 2016), May 16-18, 2016, Gothenburg, Sweden
Available from: 2017-08-01 Created: 2017-08-01 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Grahn, S. & Lagerholm, B. (2016). Tjänstefiering i tillverkande företag.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Tjänstefiering i tillverkande företag
2016 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Hårdare konkurrens, alltmer omfattande miljökrav och allt snabbare teknisk utveckling innebär stora utmaningar och driver företag att söka nya sätt att göra affärer och skapa värde för befintliga och nya kunder. Nya konsumentbeteenden som t ex delningsekonomi (sharing economy) och teknologisk utveckling inom exempelvis digitalisering, additiv tillverkning och förnyelsebar energiproduktion skapar också möjligheter till nya affärer och ökad hållbarhet. Med dessa scenarier på väg att förverkligas kommer det inte att räcka för kommersiella aktörer att bli bättre. De måste ha ett mer radikalt förhållningssätt till sin verksamhet och fråga sig vad som är teoretiskt möjligt när det gäller kostnadseffektivitet och resurssnålhet. Ett naturligt steg är att fokusera på att addera olika former av tjänster till sina varor, som till exempel reservdelar, underhåll och servicekontrakt. Varorna blir plattformar för tjänster som skapar nytta och ökat kundvärde – kallas ofta för tjänstefiering. Det kan också innebära att man förflyttar sig närmare slutkunden i värdekedjan. Men framför allt krävs det att man anammar ett nytt sätt att tänka, en tjänstelogik. Värdelogik/tjänstelogik är ett synsätt där man tar utgångspunkt från värdet kunden försöker skapa för sin kund. Där värde i användning är det centrala till skillnad från varulogik där transaktion av varor i sig är det centrala. Att tjänstefiera ett varufokuserat/tillverkande företag, innebär både möjligheter och utmaningar som bör identifieras, bedömas och hanteras. Att ha tydliga mål och en strategi för sin tjänstefiering är centralt. Övergång från försäljning av varor till försäljning av värde är ett stort steg eftersom det innebär en förändring i verksamheter som rör företagets kärn-verksamhet. Varor som är företagets inkomstkällor blir plötsligt kostnadsposter om kunderna betalar för levererat värde istället för varorna. Detta får radikala konsekvenser för organisation och produktutveckling. Utmaningarna till trots har övergången till värdeförsäljning dock visat sig fungera mycket väl vid ett flertal tillfällen och stora effektiviseringsvinster kan göras när det lyckas. Idag ses tjänstefiering mer som en kontinuerlig process för att skapa en portfölj med erbjudanden med den balans mellan varor, tjänster och affärsmodeller, som på bästa sätt stödjer kundernas värdeskapande processer. Varufokus överges för kundvärdefokus.

Series
IVF-rapporter ; 16001
Keywords
Tjänstefiering, tjänstelogik, helhetserbjudanden, ATIT-modellen
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-29166 (URN)
Available from: 2017-03-30 Created: 2017-03-30 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Grahn, S. (2015). Disappearing jobs, due to automationor business failures – Ensuring desirable outcomes through value cocreation: Co-creation betweenbetween Academia and Industry –CAI´15. In: : . Paper presented at Västerås, September 10-11..
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Disappearing jobs, due to automationor business failures – Ensuring desirable outcomes through value cocreation: Co-creation betweenbetween Academia and Industry –CAI´15
2015 (English)Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
National Category
Other Engineering and Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-30252 (URN)
Conference
Västerås, September 10-11.
Available from: 2017-08-10 Created: 2017-08-10 Last updated: 2025-09-23Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-9550-7220

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