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  • 21701.
    Soltanipour, Nastaran
    et al.
    Chalmers University Of Technology, Sweden.
    Rahrovani, Sadegh
    Volvo Cars, Sweden.
    Martinsson, John
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Data Science.
    Westlund, Robin
    Volvo Cars, Sweden.
    Chassis Hardware Fault Diagnostics with Hidden Markov Model Based Clustering2020In: 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC), 2020Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Predictive maintenance is a key component regarding cost reduction in automotive industry and is of great importance. It can improve both feeling of comfort and safety, by means of early detection, isolation and prediction of prospective failures. That is why automotive industry and fleet managers are turning to predictive analytic to maintain a lead position in industry. A patent application has been recently submitted, proposing a two stage solution, including a real-time solution (onboard diagnostic system) and an offline solution (in the back-end), for health monitoring/assessment of different chassis components. Hardware faults are detected based on changes of the fundamental eigen-frequencies of the vehicle where time series of interest, from in-car sensory system, are collected/reported for advanced data analytic in the backend. The main focus of this paper in on the latter solution, using an unsupervised machine learning approach. A clustering approach based on Mixture of Hidden Markov Models, is adopted to conduct automatic diagnosis and isolation of faults. Detection and isolation of tyre and wheel bearing faults has been considered for this study but same framework can be used to handle other components faults, such as suspension system faults. In order to validate the performance of the proposed approach tests were performed at Hallared test track in Gothenburg, and data were collected for two faulty states (for faulty wheel bearing and low-tyre pressure) and no-fault state.

  • 21702.
    Soltanmoradi, Reyhaneh
    et al.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Dyakov, Sergey A.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Wang, Q.
    RISE, Swedish ICT, Acreo.
    Qiu, Min
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden; Zhejiang University, China.
    Yan, M.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Multi-resonator structure based on continuous silver thin films for transparent conductors2014In: Applied Physics Letters, ISSN 0003-6951, E-ISSN 1077-3118, Vol. 105, no 6, article id 061110Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A type of metal-dielectric multilayered structures is investigated theoretically and experimentally for achieving optical transparency with a high electrical conductivity. The structure in our demonstrated case comprises of two coupled metal-dielectric-metal planar optical resonators with metal-layer thicknesses near to its skin depth. Simulations show that the maximum transmittance for visible light can easily reach 90% for silver-based structures. Experimentally, the sample fabricated exhibits a transmission window with a bandwidth of 150nm and a maximum transmittance of 76% around 643nm wavelength at normal incidence. Its sheet resistance is measured to be less than 10Ω /□, much smaller than that of common indium-tin-oxide films. Transparent conductors functioning for blue light and even for the whole visible light are also shown to be theoretically possible. Owing to their simple fabrication procedure as well as design flexibility, such a layered structure can serve as a compelling alternative as transparent conductors for optoelectronic devices, especially for liquid-crystal displays and light-emitting diodes.

  • 21703.
    Soltanmoradi, Reyhaneh
    et al.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Wang, Qin
    RISE, Swedish ICT, Acreo.
    Qiu, Min
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Andersson, Jan Y.
    RISE, Swedish ICT, Acreo.
    Spectral selectivity of subwavelength gold-based photonic crystals on GaAs substrate2013In: 2013 7th International Congress on Advanced Electromagnetic Materials in Microwaves and Optics, METAMATERIALS 2013, IEEE Computer Society , 2013, p. 100-102, article id 6808966Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Gold-based subwavelength photonic crystal (PhC) structures on GaAs substrate have been fabricated on a wafer scale. The structures have then been characterized and compared with related simulation results. Integrating these gold-based PhC structures onto III-V semiconductor infrared (IR) photodetectors through a top-down approach has promising potential to enhance detector's performance; especially as its wafer scale fabrication method enables the direct adaption to high volume IR detector processing line.

  • 21704.
    Soltanmoradi, Reyhaneh
    et al.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Wang, Qin
    RISE, Swedish ICT, Acreo.
    Qiu, Min
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Andersson, Jan Y.
    RISE, Swedish ICT, Viktoria.
    Transmission of Infrared Radiation Through Metallic Photonic Crystal Structures2013In: IEEE Photonics Journal, E-ISSN 1943-0655, Vol. 5, no 5, article id 6579630Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Monolithic integration of a metallic photonic crystal (mPhC) structure onto semiconductor infrared (IR) photodetectors can enhance the detector performances. In order to experimentally investigate the parameters involved in optimizing the transmission spectra of the mPhC structures matching the detector operating wavelength in mid- and long-wave IR (MWIR and LWIR) regimes, square thin gold (Au) hole arrays having periodicities of 4.0, 3.6, 2.4, and 1.8 \mu\hbox{m} with various fill factors were fabricated on Si or GaAs substrates in a wafer scale. The thicknesses of the Au films are 50, 100, and 200 nm, respectively. Through this systemic study, suitable mPhC structures were revealed that can be readily integrated onto our type-II InGaSb-based quantum dot MWIR and LWIR photodetectors. 

  • 21705.
    Soltanmoradi, Reyhaneh
    et al.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Wang, Qin
    RISE, Swedish ICT, Acreo.
    Qiu, Min
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden; Zhejiang University, China.
    Popov, Sergei
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Yan, Max
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Near-infrared light absorption and scattering based on a mono-layer of gold nanoparticles2015In: Journal of the European Optical Society-Rapid Publications, E-ISSN 1990-2573, Vol. 10, article id 15031Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report fabrication and characterization of large-area ultrathin near-infrared light absorbers and scatterers based on amono-layer of gold nanoparticles laying on top of a dielectric spacer and an aluminum reflector. The nanoparticles are formed through thermal annealing of an evaporated continuous gold film. Through optimization of initial gold-film thickness, spacer thickness, as well as annealing temperature we obtained samples that exhibit very low (~2%) broadband specular reflectance at near-infrared (NIR) wavelength range. By considering also diffuse reflection, we identify that the low specular reflectance can be due to either relatively high light absorption (~70%) or high light scattering (over 60%), with the latter achieved for samples having relatively sparse gold nanoparticles. Both strong absorption and scattering of NIR light are not inherent properties of the bulk materials used for fabricating the samples. Such composite optical surfaces can potentially be integrated to solar-energy harvesting and LED devices.

  • 21706.
    Solyom, P
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Ekwall, P
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Studien ueber die rheologischen Eigenschaften der Mesophasen im Natriumkaprylat-Dekanol-Wasser-System1969In: Rheologica Acta, ISSN 0035-4511, E-ISSN 1435-1528, Vol. 8, p. 316-327Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21707. Solé Domenèch, Santiago
    et al.
    Johansson, Björn
    Schalling, Martin
    Malm, Jakob
    Sjövall, Peter
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut / Funktionella material (KMf).
    Analysis of opioid and amyloid peptides using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry2010In: Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 82, p. 1964-1974Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21708. Solé-Domènech, S
    et al.
    Johansson, B
    Schalling, M
    Malm, J
    Sjövall, Peter
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Analysis of opoid and amyloid peptides using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry2010In: Analytical Chemistry, ISSN 0003-2700, E-ISSN 1520-6882, Vol. 82, no 5, p. 1964-1974Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The imaging capability and high detection sensitivity of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) makes it a potentially attractive complement to other mass spectrometry methods, such as ESI and MALDI, for the analysis of proteins and peptides. We have explored this possibility by performing a systematic analysis of synthetic opioid and amyloid peptides with ToF-SIMS using Bi3+ and Au3 + primary ions. In the low mass region of the spectra, a number of single amino acid ion peaks were detected, providing information about the amino acid content in each peptide. In the medium and high mass range of the spectra, peaks corresponding to multiple amino acid ions (backbone cleavage ions) as well as molecular ions were detected, allowing for the determination of the amino acid sequence and the molecular mass of the entire peptide, respectively. Detection efficiencies were determined for the molecular ions of some of the peptides, indicating detection limits in the attomole range. The fragmentation patterns observed in the ToF-SIMS analysis of opioid and amyloid peptides showed interesting similarities with collision-induced dissociation (CID) studies using other mass spectrometry methods. The present work provides important progress toward ToFSIMS proteomics..

  • 21709.
    Solé-Domènech, Santiago
    et al.
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Sjövall, Peter
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Kemi Material och Ytor.
    Vukojevic, Vladana B.
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Fernando, Ruani
    Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, France.
    Codita, Alina
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Salve, Sachin
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Bogdanovic, Nenad E.
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Mohammed, Abdul H.
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Hammarström, Per
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Nilsson, K. Peter R.
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    Laferla, Frank M.
    University of California Irvine, USA.
    Jacob, Stefan
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Berggren, Per Olof
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Gimenez-Llort, Lydia
    Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain.
    Schalling, Martin
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Terenius, Lars H.
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Johansson, Björn
    Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
    Localization of cholesterol, amyloid and glia in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse brain tissue using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and immunofluorescence imaging2013In: Acta Neuropathologica, ISSN 0001-6322, E-ISSN 1432-0533, Vol. 125, no 1, p. 145-157Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The spatial distributions of lipids, amyloid-beta deposits, markers of neurons and glial cells were imaged, at submicrometer lateral resolution, in brain structures of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using a new methodology that combines time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and confocal fluorescence microscopy. The technology, which enabled us to simultaneously image the lipid and glial cell distributions in Tg2576 mouse brain structures, revealed micrometer-sized cholesterol accumulations in hippocampal regions undergoing amyloid-beta deposition. Such cholesterol granules were either associated with individual amyloid deposits or spread over entire regions undergoing amyloidogenesis. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis of the same brain regions showed increased microglial and astrocytic immunoreactivity associated with the amyloid deposits, as expected from previous studies, but did not reveal any particular astrocytic or microglial feature correlated with cholesterol granulation. However, dystrophic neurites as well as presynaptic vesicles presented a distribution similar to that of cholesterol granules in regions undergoing amyloid-beta accumulation, thus indicating that these neuronal endpoints may retain cholesterol in areas with lesions. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence for an altered cholesterol distribution near amyloid deposits that would have been missed by several other lipid analysis methods, and opens for the possibility to study in detail the putative liaison between lipid environment and protein structure and function in Alzheimer's disease.

  • 21710.
    Solér, Ola
    et al.
    Region Skåne, Sweden.
    Bye, Åse
    Vätgas Sverige, Sweden.
    Aronsson, Björn
    Vätgas Sverige, Sweden.
    Wiberg, Erik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Electronics. Vätgas Sverige, Sweden.
    Leisner, Peter
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Electronics.
    Cornander, Anna
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Electronics.
    Nilsson, Karin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Electronics.
    Alexandersson, Anna
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Electronics.
    Eriksen, Jon
    Kunnskapsbyen Lilleström, Norway.
    Gjerlöw, Jan Carsten
    Kunnskapsbyen Lilleström, Norway.
    Rambech, Eric Lyche
    Oslo kommune, Norway.
    Kalland, Liv-Elisif
    ZERO, Norway.
    Goldmann, Mattias
    Fores, Sweden.
    Pervik, Mats
    Göteborgs Stads Leasing AB, Sweden.
    Tibbelin, Anna
    Energikontoret Skåne, Sweden.
    Baden, Niels-Arne
    GreenHydrogen, Denmark.
    Rammevilkår og strategier for hydrogen i transportsektoren2018Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The Interreg project Blue Move promotes increased use of renewable energy to replace fossil fuels in the Øresund-Kattagat-Skagerrak (ØKS) region. International, national, regional and local framework conditions, strategies and measures are crucial in making the transport sector emission-free. Such framework conditions and strategies providing examples of what can be done at local and regional level to promote emission-free transport are described including analysis of business models for the use of hydrogen for transport, as well as proposals for strategic roadmap bullet points and a concrete checklist for municipalities that wish to facilitate emission-free transport. The purpose of the report is to help both public and private stakeholders succeed in introducing hydrogen as a fuel. A tight interaction between the public and private sector is seen crucial to secure a successful outcome. Municipalities and counties/regions have important roles as facilitators and first movers including hydrogen vehicles in their own car fleet and for public transport. Through its purchasing power, public authorities can drive development in the right direction by demanding the use of emission-free fuels. At the same time, the private sector has important roles in building and operating infrastructure, as well as adopting hydrogen fuelled passenger cars and utility vehicle.The report describes framework conditions and strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport at EU level and down to local level. There is a strong connection between these strategies; To achieve the EU goals, each country must set its own goals. Similar, to reach the national targets, measures must be taken at local and regional level. In Chapter 3, the EU goals and strategies are described. Chapter 4 addresses the national framework conditions and strategies in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. It appears that there are great variations in which instruments are used in the countries to promote emission-free transport. In Chapter 5, a range of insights into regional and local strategies, action plans and measures are provided. In an early phase, sustainable business models might be hard to find without financial support both for private and public stakeholders. In a Blue Move feasability study [BLUE MOVE WP3] the potential of hydrogen as an energy carrier in the ØKS region was illuminated through several case descriptions. In Chapter 6, a brief analysis of the business models described by these cases is provided. Then, a numerical example is presented illustrating the profitability of a small hydrogen station related to a fixed refuelling demand. Next, the possibility of infrastructure development in elucidation of construction machinery and coordinated initiatives in the field of heavy transport are described. At the very end of the chapter, a study of the potential for temporary hydrogen filling stations in Norway and Sweden is summarised. Finally, the report provides some practical advice on how to get more hydrogen on the road. Here, 10 roadmap bullet points at a slightly higher level for what and how to focus are given. Furthermore, a concrete 10-point checklist for municipalities is presented. The municipalities play an important role in transforming their own vehicle fleet and facilitating that private sector and its residents being able to run emissions-free. Our aim is that the report will inspire both public and private sector to plan and implement concrete measures to increase the use of hydrogen for transport and by these means achieve its goals of reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

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  • 21711.
    Somani, M. C.
    et al.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Pyykkonen, Juha
    RISE, Swerea, KIMAB. University of Oulu, Finland.
    Porter, D. A.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Karjalainen, L. P.
    University of Oulu, Finland.
    Komi, J. I.
    SSAB, Finland.
    Influence of composition and prior deformation on phase transformation temperatures and hardness in direct quenching using physical simulation2015In: Materials Performance and Characterization, ISSN 2379-1365, E-ISSN 2165-3992, Vol. 4, no 3, p. 341-364Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    For conventional reheated and quenched (RQ) steels, the level of alloying necessary to achieve a given hardenability and hardness can be estimated from calculated Jominy curves or ideal critical diameters (DI) given in ASTM A255-10(2014). However, for thermomechanically rolled direct quenched (DQ) steels, little data are available. In this study, the accuracy of the ASTM approach was estimated by designing an experiment to study the main effects of seven alloying elements (C, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, Nb, and V) at two levels with eight boron steels based on an eight-run resolution III partial factorial designed experiment. Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams covering cooling rates of 1.5°C/s-48°C/s were determined using Gleeble simulations with or without controlled deformation below Tnr. The effects of deformation below Tnr and the alloying elements were clearly revealed. In general, low temperature straining of the austenite led to higher levels of hardness than quenching from unstrained austenite. The start of the bainite transformation Ar3 (bainite) was modelled as a function of chemical composition and cooling rate. The data in the CCT diagrams were used to derive equivalent ideal critical diameters (DIB) for strained and unstrained prior austenite. The hardenability index DIB calculated from experimental Jominy curves generally agreed well with those of CCT data for unstrained austenite. In order to apply the ASTM A255 approach to the calculation of DIB, boron factors (BF) for steels with alloy factors (AFs) greater than 26 were estimated by extrapolating the ASTM data. However, this approach did not give satisfactory predictions for either strained or unstrained austenite. Preliminary analysis indicated that Cr, Mo, and V might be less effective at increasing hardenability than implied from their AFs. New formulae were given to allow estimations of the hardness to be expected in connection with direct quenching. 

  • 21712.
    Somerville, George
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, CBI - Cement- och betonginstitutet.
    CONTECVET: a validated users manual for assessing the residual service life of concrete structures2001Report (Refereed)
  • 21713.
    Sommar, Robert
    et al.
    Sweco, Sweden.
    Mellander, Peter
    Sweco, Sweden.
    Sandevärn, Johan (Contributor)
    Lindelöw, David (Contributor)
    Ranäng, Sara (Contributor)
    SIGNED, SEALED, DELIVERED – ANALYSING THE IMPACT OF E-COMMERCE ON URBAN AREAS2018Report (Other academic)
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  • 21714.
    Sommarin, Per
    et al.
    RISE, Swerea, SWECAST.
    Arvidsson, Johan
    RISE, Swerea, SWECAST.
    Strategisk framtidsstudie för SMF - inriktning energieffektiva processer och produkter2011Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Målet för det arbete som rapporten beskriver har varit att undersöka och ta fram en metod för framtidsstudier. Arbetet med metodutvecklingen har haft fokus på gjuteriindustrin, men syftet med arbetet är att metodiken ska kunna överföras även till andra branscher. Som grund för gjuteriindustrins framtidsstudie genomfördes en omfattande omvärldsanalys som baseras på intervjuer med sakkunniga personer inom områden som har en indirekt eller direkt koppling till gjuteribranschen. De intervjuade är personer inom vindkraft-, fordon-, och telekomindustrin. För att få andra perspektiv har även forskare, offentliga experter och olika representanter från branschorganisationer intervjuats. Resultatet skall kunna användas som diskussions-, och i viss mån även beslutsunderlag, av flera olika personer inom företagsledning, drift och underhåll, inköp samt marknadsavdelning. För att svensk gjuteriindustri ska bibehålla eller öka sin konkurrenskraft på den allt mer globala marknaden krävs en snabbare moderniseringstakt av produktionsoch stödprocesser. Genom att investera i ny, mer energieffektiv teknik, minskar känsligheten för ökande energipriser. Klimatsmart gjutgods kan bli ett säljargument och en avgörande konkurrensfördel i framtiden.

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  • 21715.
    Sommarin, Per
    et al.
    RISE, Swerea, SWECAST.
    Arvidsson, Viktor
    RISE, Swerea, SWECAST.
    Värmelagring för energiintensiva SMF med fokus på svensk gjuteriindustri2012Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Inom gjuteriindustrin används mycket energi för att smälta och gjuta metall. Dessa processer genererar stora mängder restvärme som vanligtvis kyls bort i kyltorn eller på annat sätt leds bort ifrån processen. Samtidigt är behovet av uppvärmning stort i gjuterilokalerna, detta beroende på den stora omsättningen av luft som krävs i samband med gjutning. Denna uppvärmning sker vanligtvis med köpt extern värme, exempelvis fjärrvärme eller olje- och elvärme. I energikartläggningar som nyligen genomförts visar det sig att gjuterier i snitt använder 15 % av inköpt energi till lokaluppvärmning. Det här projektet syftar till att undersöka möjligheterna att utnyttja den internt genererade restvärmen för lokaluppvärmning och därmed minimera behovet av extern värme. Studien har genomförts genom att dels ha granskat tillgänglig litteratur kring gjuteriteknik och värmelagring samt genom att besöka flertalet gjuterier och samtala med experter inom området. Rapporten redovisar de uppgifter som uppkommit i samband med dessa studier och slutligen presenteras resultat och slutsatser som kan dras. Resultatet tyder på att alla gjuterier har möjlighet och bör skapa system för att återvinna sin restvärme. Störst potential för värmeåtervinning har elektriska induktionsugnar och vätskekylda kompressorer som båda kan leverera högkvalitativ restvärme i form av kylvattenflöden på dryga 70 °C. Även andra processer kan bistå med betydande mängder restvärme, dock med något lägre temperaturer. Några exempel är sand- och godskylning, pressgjutverktygens kylning, kylning av kokiller etc. Resultatet av studien leder till slutsatsen att samtliga företag med tillgänglig restvärme som kan nyttjas momentant bör se över möjligheten att först och främst nyttiggöra denna. I de allra flesta fall är restvärmeöverskottet större än så och därmed finns incitament att installera värmelager för att kunna konservera denna värme. Generellt tyder studien på att värmelagring i ackumulatortank är lämpligast och då för kortare perioder med omsättning på dygns- eller veckobasis.

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  • 21716.
    Sommarin, Per
    et al.
    RISE, Swerea, SWECAST.
    Johansson, Maria
    RISE, Swerea, SWECAST.
    Svensson, Anders
    RISE, Swerea, SWECAST.
    Slutrapport FRAME2017Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Projektet har genomförts under perioden 2015-11-10 till 2017-02-10. Swerea SWECAST har varit projektägare och haft rollen som projektledare. Projektutförare har varit Swerea SWECAST tillsammans med avdelningen Energisystem på Linköpings universitet. Projektet har finansierats av Energimyndigheten via Järn- och Stålindustrins Energiforskningsprogram – JoSEn. Huvudmålet har varit att ta fram en metod som kan hjälpa företag att identifiera styrkor och brister i hur företaget använder energidata för att involvera och engagera alla medarbetare i företagets energieffektiviseringsarbete. Att på ett bra sätt hantera energidata inom företagets olika organisatoriska nivåer är en av förutsättningarna för att få engagerat och långsiktigt arbete med energieffektivisering. Den framtagna metodens centrala del består av en enkät innehållande frågor och påståenden som grupperas i kategorierna: allmänna frågor, kunskap, visualisering, teknik, mängd, urval och ledning. Enkäten utarbetades med utgångspunkt från sex djupintervjuer med respondenter från olika organisatoriska nivåer på två svenska stålföretag. Enkäten testades sedan genom utskick till alla anställda på dessa företag. Resultatet från enkätutskicket har delgivits fallföretagen. I denna slutrapport presenteras metoden och bakgrunden till metoden. Bifogat finns enkätfrågorna som tagits fram i projektet. Frågepaketet kan anpassas efter företagsspecifika önskemål. Ambitionen är att läsaren efter att ha tagit del av rapporten ska ha fått tillräcklig insyn i metoden för att kunna göra studier i det egna företaget genom att följa metodens olika steg. Användaren är fri att välja verktyg för enkätutskick. För förenklad bearbetning av enkätsvaren rekommenderas dock ett web-baserat verktyg.

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  • 21717.
    Sommarin, Per
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment, Energy and Resources.
    Svensson, Anders
    Validering av energiprestanda i gjuteriprocessen2023Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Validation of energy performance in the casting process The case study has been based on, in collaboration with Scania's staff, developing a general methodology for validation of energy performance at object and system level. The case study has been carried out on the sand recycling system and that experiences from other parts that have been validated have been included. The validation has taken place based on the requirements placed on the equipment and the requirements set by affiliated processes / systems and condition-based requirements. The developed validation methodology (guideline) is based on the work carried out by Scania and is generalizable to be used throughout the foundry sector and its processes. It can also apply to validation of not only energy performance but also other issues.

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  • 21718.
    Sommarin, Per
    et al.
    RISE, Swerea, SWECAST.
    Svensson, Anders
    RISE, Swerea, SWECAST.
    Thollander, Patrik
    Linköping University, Sweden.
    A method for bottom-up energy end-use data collection – Results and experience2014In: Eceee Industrial Summer Study Proceedings, European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy , 2014, p. 435-439Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Improved industrial energy efficiency is one of the most important means of reducing the threat of increased global warming. However, one of the major challenges today related to improved energy efficiency in industry is the lack of well-structured bottom-up data for various sectors. The aim of this paper is to present a structured method on the collection of industrial bottom-up data, and unique results from a case study of the Swedish foundry industry, as well as other industries, where the method has been applied. Results show that the method is useful in receiving unique energy-end-use data for the industry, and shows that the energy end-use for similar companies in regard to different process-specific energy users can be very large. Results also show how different energy end-users can be categorized and thus benchmarked in a structured way. A part of this study was done within the Intelligent Energy Europe project Foundrybench, with the effort to develop a guideline on how an energy audit May be carried out in the foundry industry, and to develop industry-specific key performance indicators.

  • 21719.
    Sommarlund, Petra
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Falkvall, Frida
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Sandberg, Peter
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Andersson, Albin
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Stavenow, Bengt
    Innovation Skåne AB, Sweden.
    Vidarebäck, Carolina
    Innovation Skåne AB, Sweden.
    Gerward, Sofia
    Innovation Skåne AB, Sweden.
    Johansson, Jimmy
    Innovation Skåne AB, Sweden.
    Lindskog, Peder
    InRikta Analys AB, Sweden.
    Ambjörnsson, Mårten
    InRikta Analys AB, Sweden.
    Norelius, Marianne
    Apoteket AB, Sweden.
    En personlig och digital vårdupplevelse - Framtidens primärvård: Full version2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Om 10 år kommer primärvården ha andra kontaktvägar och högre tillgänglighet än idag. Patientens första kontakt är digital och i många fall kan ett digitalt beslutsstödssystem, vid behov kompletterat med hemtester, vara tillräckligt för att ge patienten den vård hen behöver. De digitala möjligheterna kommer att leda till ökad kunskap och egenförmåga hos patienten att ta större ansvar för sin egen hälsa. Personanpassade tjänster där individens behov styr kommer att erbjudas både från vården och andra aktörer. Relevant hälsodata kommer att finnas tillgänglig för de aktörer som behöver den och digitala lösningar integreras i hela vårdkedjan. På så sätt frigörs vårdresurser till de personer som verkligen behöver den.

    Denna rapport illustrerar den nutida och framtida primärvården genom fem patientfall som tillsammans täcker in merparten av primärvårdens besök. Möt febrige femårige Arvid, Ahmed med risk för att utveckla livsstilsrelaterad kronisk sjukdom, deprimerade 14-åriga Sara, Erik som just haft en hjärtinfarkt och multisjuka Inga. Från nutid och 10 år framåt förväntas primärvårdens resurser förflyttas från fall av engångskaraktär som Arvid till att arbeta förebyggande med fall som Ahmed.

    För att detta ska realiseras behöver vården säkerställa att patient- och kostnadsansvar följer individen och inte organisatoriska gränssnitt. Ett tydligt syfte med digitaliseringen och den avsedda effekten på verksamheten behöver definieras och hinder som möjliggör samlad vårdinformation som flödar mellan kommun och landsting behöver undanröjas.

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  • 21720.
    Sommarlund, Petra
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Falkvall, Frida
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Sandberg, Peter
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Andersson, Albin
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Stavenow, bengt
    Innovation Skåne AB.
    Vitabäck, carolina
    Innovation Skåne AB.
    Gerwand, Sofia
    Innovation Skåne AB.
    Lindskog, Peder
    Nordic Healhcare Group.
    Ambjörnsson, Mårten
    Nordic Healthcare Group.
    Norelius, Marianne
    Apoteket AB.
    En personlig och digital vårdupplevelse - framtidens primärvård: Kortversion2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Om 10 år kommer primärvården ha andra kontaktvägar och högre tillgänglighet än idag. Patientens första kontakt är digital och i många fall kan ett digitalt beslutsstödssystem, vid behov kompletterat med hemtester, vara tillräckligt för att ge patienten den vård hen behöver. De digitala möjligheterna kommer att leda till ökad kunskap och egenförmåga hos patienten att ta större ansvar för sin egen hälsa. Personanpassade tjänster där individens behov styr kommer att erbjudas både från vården och andra aktörer. Relevant hälsodata kommer att finnas tillgänglig för de aktörer som behöver den och digitala lösningar integreras i hela vårdkedjan. På så sätt frigörs vårdresurser till de personer som verkligen behöver den.

    Denna rapport illustrerar den nutida och framtida primärvården genom fem patientfall som tillsammans täcker in merparten av primärvårdens besök. Möt febrige femårige Arvid, Ahmed med risk för att utveckla livsstilsrelaterad kronisk sjukdom, deprimerade 14-åriga Sara, Erik som just haft en hjärtinfarkt och multisjuka Inga. Från nutid och 10 år framåt förväntas primärvårdens resurser förflyttas från fall av engångskaraktär som Arvid till att arbeta förebyggande med fall som Ahmed.

    För att detta ska realiseras behöver vården säkerställa att patient- och kostnadsansvar följer individen och inte organisatoriska gränssnitt. Ett tydligt syfte med digitaliseringen och den avsedda effekten på verksamheten behöver definieras och hinder som möjliggör samlad vårdinformation som flödar mellan kommun och landsting behöver undanröjas.

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  • 21721.
    Sommarlund, Petra
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Mätteknik.
    Wendin, Karin
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Food and Bioscience, Flavour.
    Andersson, Albin
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Energi och Bioekonomi.
    Petersson, Niclas
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Mätteknik.
    Borgenstierna, Catharina
    Bestic AB.
    Westerlund, Hanna
    Bestic AB.
    Ruben, Katarina
    Temabo, Ribbingsbacke Äldreboende.
    Nygren, Mats
    Förenade Care, Soltorps Äldreboende.
    Olsson, Viktoria
    Högskolan Kristianstad.
    En fungerande måltid – innovation mot undernäring Slutrapport - Utmaningsdriven Innovation steg 1 Initiering, hösten 20162016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Det övergripande syftet med projektet "En fungerande måltid - innovation mot undernäring" är att förebygga undernäring bland äldre genom ett holistiskt grepp av måltidssituationen. Fokus är att utveckla en mätmetod för att identifiera risker för fel- och undernäring på verksamhets- samt individnivå, samt att rekommendera åtgärder som minimerar riskerna. Visionen är ett samhälle där måltidssituationens alla beståndsdelar är så välfungerande att undernäring inte längre är ett problem inom omsorg och sjukvård. Runt detta har byggts tjänster och produkter som skapat tillväxt i Sverige. Det finns en stor potential för detta.

    I initieringsprojektet har fokus legat på måltidssituationen på äldreboenden (särskilt boende). Projektet har arbetat tillsammans med två demensboenden samt genomfört två tvärfunktionella workshops, för att skapa förståelse för måltidssituationen, vilka problem som finns, hur de skulle kunna mätas och åtgärdas samt vilka aktiviteter som sker på boendet i relation till måltidssituationen.

    Risken för undernäring är allra högst bland äldre som bor i ordinärt boende, dvs hemma i sin egen bostad med eller utan hemtjänst. Därmed ämnar projektet i steg 2 inkludera denna boendeform parallellt med särskilt boende och utveckla stöd både för den äldre själv, hens anhöriga samt hemtjänstpersonal och omsorgspersonal på boendet. Den rekommenderade lösningen är ett digitalt verktyg för äldre, anhöriga och personal att logga och följa verksamhetens kvalitet i måltidssituation samt individens näringsstatus och som också ger åtgärder för ökad kvalitet och förbättrad näringsstatus.

    Projektet har letts från SP Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, enheten Mätteknik, och haft deltagare från Bestic AB, Högskolan Kristianstad, SP Food and BioScience, SP Service Labs samt två stycken boenden i privat drift; Soltorp från Förenade Care och Ribbingsbacke från Temabo. Både Soltorp och Ribbingsbacke har 32 demensplatser. Soltorp har utöver detta en korttidsavdelning med 9 platser och Ribbingsbacke har en somatisk avdelning med 16 platser. För att driva projektet framåt planeras inkludering av hemtjänstverksamhet, kommunal omsorg, tillagningskök samt tillverkare av lösningar för hur måltidssituationen kan förbättras inklusive personalutbildning. Synergieffekter med nätverket Måltid Sverige som verkar för den offentliga måltiden förväntas i att spridas kunskap i samhället om måltidens viktiga roll i relation till vår hälsostatus.

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  • 21722. Sommer, S.G.
    et al.
    Olesen, J.
    Petersen, S.O.
    Weisbjerg, M.
    Valli, L.
    Rodhe, Lena
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, JTI Institutet för Jordbruks- och Miljöteknik.
    Beline, F.
    Region-specific assessment of greenhouse gas mitigation with different manure management strategies in four agroecological zones2009In: Global Change Biology, ISSN 1354-1013, E-ISSN 1365-2486, Vol. 15, no 12, p. 2825-2837Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Livestock farming systems are major sources of trace gases contributing to emissions of the greenhouse gases (GHG) nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), i.e. N2O accounts for 10% and CH4 for 30% of the anthropogenic contributions to net global warming. This paper presents scenario assessments of whole-system effects of technologies for reducing GHG emissions from livestock model farms using slurry-based manure management. Changes in housing and storage practice, mechanical separation, and incineration of the solid fraction derived from separation were evaluated in scenarios for Sweden, Denmark, France, and Italy. The results demonstrated that changes in manure management can induce significant changes in CH4 and N2O emissions and carbon sequestration, and that the effect of introducing environmental technologies may vary significantly with live- stock farming practice and interact with climatic conditions. Shortening the in-house manure storage time reduced GHG emissions by 0-40%. The largest GHG reductions of 49 to, in one case, 82% were obtained with a combination of slurry separation and incineration, the latter process contributing to a positive GHG balance of the system by substituting fossil fuels. The amount and composition of volatile solids (VS) and nitrogen pools were main drivers in the calculations performed, and requirements to improve the assessment of VS composition and turnover during storage and in the field were identified. Nevertheless, the results clearly showed that GHG emission estimates will be unrealistic, if the assumed manure management or climatic conditions do not properly represent a given country or region. The results also showed that the mitigation potential of specific manure management strategies and technologies varied depending on current management and climatic conditions. © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  • 21723.
    Sommerfeldt, Nelson
    et al.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Ollas, Patrik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Built Environment.
    Reverse engineering prototype solar pv/thermal collector properties from empirical data for use in TRNSYS Type 5602017In: ISES Solar World Congress 2017 - IEA SHC International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry 2017, Proceedings, International Solar Energy Society , 2017, p. 1121-1132Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Using the known physical characteristics of a prototype photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector components and raw test data from a prematurely terminated ISO 9806 test, the objective of this study is to reverse engineer a thermal resistance value for the heat exchanger assembly for use in the theoretical TRNSYS model Type 560. Modeling is done using both TRNSYS as well as commercial heat transfer software TAITherm. Performance is measured by the mean absolute error and correlation of the outlet temperature and thermal power, as well as the differences in total thermal energy generated. The results show a thermal resistance of 0.005 to 0.010 m2 K W-1 in TAITherm and 0.010 to 0.040 m2 K W-1 in Type 560. TAITherm gives better statistical indicators which is likely due to the inclusion of thermal mass in the model. The results have informed prototype development and can be used in further systems modeling. © 2017. The Authors.

  • 21724.
    Sommertune, Jens
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Kemi Material och Ytor, Material och ytteknik.
    Sugunan, Abhilash
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Kemi Material och Ytor, Material och ytteknik.
    Ahniyaz, Anwar
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Kemi Material och Ytor, Material och ytteknik.
    Stjernberg Bejhed, Rebecca
    Uppsala University, Sweden.
    Sarwe, Anna
    RISE, Swedish ICT, Acreo.
    Johansson, Christer
    RISE, Swedish ICT, Acreo.
    Balceris, Cristoph
    Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany.
    Ludwig, Frank
    Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany.
    Posth, Oliver
    PTB Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany.
    Fornara, Andrea
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Kemi Material och Ytor, Material och ytteknik.
    Polymer/iron oxide nanoparticle composites—A straight forward and scalable synthesis approach2015In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, ISSN 1661-6596, E-ISSN 1422-0067, Vol. 16, no 8, p. 19752-19768Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Magnetic nanoparticle systems can be divided into single-core nanoparticles (with only one magnetic core per particle) and magnetic multi-core nanoparticles (with several magnetic cores per particle). Here, we report multi-core nanoparticle synthesis based on a controlled precipitation process within a well-defined oil in water emulsion to trap the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) in a range of polymer matrices of choice, such as poly(styrene), poly(lactid acid), poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(caprolactone). Multi-core particles were obtained within the Z-average size range of 130 to 340 nm. With the aim to combine the fast room temperature magnetic relaxation of small individual cores with high magnetization of the ensemble of SPIONs, we used small (<10 nm) core nanoparticles. The performed synthesis is highly flexible with respect to the choice of polymer and SPION loading and gives rise to multi-core particles with interesting magnetic properties and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast efficacy.

  • 21725. Somppi, J.L.
    et al.
    Kauppinen, E.I.
    Kurkela, J.
    Tapper, U.
    Ohman, M.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Energy Technology Center.
    Nordin, Anders
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Energy Technology Center.
    Johanson, B.
    Ultrafine ash particle formation during waste sludge incineration in fluidized bed reactors1998In: Combustion Science and Technology, ISSN 0010-2202, E-ISSN 1563-521X, Vol. 134, p. 433-455Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Ash formation during the bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) combustion of bark and pulp mill sludge has been studied on an industrial and bench scale. During co-firing in an industrial BFB a submicron fly ash mode was formed via condensation of volatilized K, Na, S and Cl species at 0.05-0.3 μm. The submicron mass mode below 0.3 μm made up 2.2-5.0% of the fly ash, while the share of the supermicron mass fraction was 93.6-97.2%. Elements depleted in the ultrafine ash were Ca, Si, Al, Mg, Fe, Mn, P and Ti. The bench-scale test showed that the ultrafine particle concentration was increased by a higher bed temperature and decreased due to sludge moisture. As, Cd, Pb and Rb were enriched in the ultrafine ash on a bench scale, while Ba, Co, Sr and V were depleted. Cu and Zn were enriched in the ultrafine ash during the combustion of dried sludge, but not when wet sludge was fired. Micron-size ash particles composed of non-volatile species, Ca, Si, Mg, Al, P and Mn, adhered to the bed sand, presumably by surface forces, and sintering densified the ash layer. © 1998 OPA (Overseas Publishers Association) N.V. Published by license under the Gordon and Breach Science Publishers imprint.

  • 21726.
    Sonderby, P.
    et al.
    DTU Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Soderberg, Christopher
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical Process and Pharmaceutical Development. Lund University, Sweden.
    Frankaer, C. G.
    University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
    Peters, G.
    DTU Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Bukrinski, J. T.
    CMC Assist Aps, Denmark.
    Labrador, A.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Plivelic, T. S.
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Harris, P.
    DTU Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Concentrated protein solutions investigated using acoustic levitation and small-Angle X-ray scattering2020In: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, ISSN 0909-0495, E-ISSN 1600-5775, Vol. 27, p. 396-404Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An acoustically levitated droplet has been used to collect synchrotron SAXS data on human serum albumin protein solutions up to a protein concentration of 400mgml-1. A careful selection of experiments allows for fast data collection of a large amount of data, spanning a protein concentration/solvent concentration space with limited sample consumption (down to 3μL per experiment) and few measurements. The data analysis shows data of high quality that are reproducible and comparable with data from standard flow-Through capillary-based experiments. Furthermore, using this methodology, it is possible to achieve concentrations that would not be accessible by conventional cells. The protein concentration and ionic strength parameter space diagram may be covered easily and the amount of protein sample is significantly reduced (by a factor of 100 in this work). Used in routine measurements, the benefits in terms of protein cost and time spent are very significant. 

  • 21727. Sonesson, AW
    et al.
    Blom, H
    Hassler, K
    Elofsson, Ulla
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Callisen, TH
    Widengren, J
    Protein-surfactant interactions at hydrophobic interfaces studied with total internal reflection fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (TIR-FCS)2008In: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, ISSN 0021-9797, E-ISSN 1095-7103, Vol. 317, no 2, p. 449-457Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 21728. Sonesson, AW
    et al.
    Brismar, H
    Callisen, TH
    Elofsson, Ulla
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Mobility of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase on a trimyristin substrate surface2007In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 23, no 5, p. 2706-2713Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We have studied the mobility of active and inactive Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) on a spin-coated trimyristin substrate surface using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) in a confocal microscopy setup. By photobleaching a circular spot of fluorescently labeled TLL adsorbed on a smooth trimyristin surface, both the diffusion coefficient D and the mobile fraction f could be quantified. FRAP was performed on surfaces with different surface density of lipase and as a function of time after adsorption. The data showed that the mobility of TLL was significantly higher on the trimyristin substrate surfaces compared to our previous studies on hydrophobic model surfaces. For both lipase variants, the diffusion decreased to similar rates at high relative surface density of lipase, suggesting that crowding effects are dominant with higher adsorbed amount of lipase. However, the diffusion coefficient at extrapolated infinite surface dilution, D0 , was higher for the active TLL compared to the inactive (D0 = 17.9 x10-11 cm2/s vs D0 = 4.1 x10-11 cm2/s, data for the first time interval after adsorption). Moreover, the diffusion decreased with time after adsorption, most evident for the active TLL. We explain the results by product inhibition, i.e., that the accumulation of negatively charged fatty acid products decreased the diffusion rate of active lipases with time. This was supported by sequential adsorption experiments, where the adsorbed amount under flow conditions was studied as a function of time after adsorption. A second injection of lipase led to a significantly lower increase in adsorbed amount when the trimyristin surface was pretreated with active TLL compared to pretreatment of inactive TLL.

  • 21729. Sonesson, AW
    et al.
    Callisen, TH
    Brismar, H
    Elofsson, Ulla
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    A comparison between dual polarization interferometry (DPI) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for protein adsorption studies2007In: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, ISSN 0927-7765, E-ISSN 1873-4367, Vol. 54, p. 236-240Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work was performed with the aim of comparing protein adsorption results obtained from the recently developed dual polarization interferometry (DPI) with the well-established surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. Both techniques use an evanescent field as the sensing element but completely different methods to calculate the adsorbed mass. As a test system we used adsorption of the lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL) on C18 surfaces. The adsorbed amount calculated with both techniques is in good agreement, with both adsorption isotherms saturating at 1.30–1.35 mg/m2 at TLL concentrations of 1000nM and above. Therefore, this supports the use of both SPR and DPI as tools for studying protein adsorption, which is very important when comparing adsorption data obtained from the use different techniques. Due to the spot sensing in SPR, this technique is recommended for initial kinetic studies, whereas DPI is more accurate when the refractive index and thickness of the adsorbed layer is of more interest.

  • 21730. Sonesson, AW
    et al.
    Callisen, TH
    Brismar, H
    Elofsson, Ulla
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Lipase surface diffusion studied by fluoroscence recovery after photobleaching2005In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 21, p. 11949-11956Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (FRAP) method to study protein diffusion on solid surfaces was developed using confocal microscopy. By photobleaching a rectangular area of the sample, fluorescence recovery could be analyzed as one-dimensional diffusion, leading to s simplified mathematical expressions for fitting the data. The method was tested by measuring bovine serum albumin (BSA) diffusion on glass, which led to a diffusion coefficient in good correspondence to earlier reports. Furthermore, the method was used to analyze the diffusion of a variant of Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL) on hydrophilic silica and silica methylated with dichlorodimethylsilane (DDS) or octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). Using ellipsometry data of TLL adsorption, fluorescence intensity could be calibrated to surface density of lipase, enabling measurements of the diffusion coefficient at different surface densities. The average diffusion coefficient was calculated in two time intervals after adsorption. Mobile fraction and diffusion coefficient was lowest on the OTS-surface, when extrapolated to infinite surface dilution. Moreover, the diffusion rate decreased with time on the hydrophobic surfaces. Our observations can be explained by the surface dependence on the distribution of orientations and conformations of adsorbed TLL, where the transition from the closed to the catalytically active open and more hydrophobic structure is important

  • 21731. Sonesson, AW
    et al.
    Callisen, TH
    Elofsson, Ulla
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Brismar, H
    Adsorption and activity of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces measured with dual polarization interferometry (DPI) and confocal microscopy2008In: Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, ISSN 0927-7765, E-ISSN 1873-4367, Vol. 61, p. 208-215Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The adsorption and activity of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) was measured with dual polarization interferometry (DPI) and confocal microscopy at a hydrophilic and hydrophobic surface. In the adsorption isotherms, it was evident that TLL both had higher affinity for the hydrophobic surface and adsorbed to a higher adsorbed amount (1.90 mg/m2) compared to the hydrophilic surface (1.40–1.50 mg/m2). The thickness of the adsorbed layer was constant (not, vert, similar3.5 nm) on both surfaces at an adsorbed amount >1.0 mg/m2, but decreased on the hydrophilic surface at lower surface coverage, which might be explained by partially unfolding of the TLL structure. However, a linear dependence of the refractive index of the adsorbed layer on adsorbed amount of TLL on C18 surfaces indicated that the structure of TLL was similar at low and high surface coverage. The activity of adsorbed TLL was measured towards carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA) in solution, which upon lipase activity formed a fluorescent product. The surface fluorescence intensity increase was measured in a confocal microscope as a function of time after lipase adsorption. It was evident that TLL was more active on the hydrophilic surface, which suggested that a larger fraction of adsorbed TLL molecules were oriented with the active site facing the solution compared to the hydrophobic surface. Moreover, most of the activity remained when the TLL surface coverage decreased. Earlier reports on TLL surface mobility on the same surfaces have found that the lateral diffusion was highest on hydrophilic surfaces and at low surface coverage of TLL. Hence, a high lateral mobility might lead to a longer exposure time of the active site towards solution, thereby increasing the activity against a water-soluble substrate.

  • 21732. Sonesson, AW
    et al.
    Callisen, TH
    Elofsson, Ulla
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Brismar, H
    Imaging the detergency of single cotton fibers with confocal microscopy: the effect of surfactants and lipases2007In: Journal of Surfactants and Detergents (JSD), ISSN 1097-3958, E-ISSN 1558-9293, Vol. 10, no 4, p. 211-218Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Detergency mechanisms of lipids from single cotton fibers were visualized by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Fibers were soiled with different types of lipids: olive oil, lard and tri-C10, and subsequently stained with the fluorescent probe Nile Red. A surfactant composition of 300 μM C12E6/LAS (1:2 mol%) was used to mimic the surfactants used in a common washing solution. It was evident from the captured image series that the different kinds of soiling were removed by different mechanisms by the surfactants, depending on the fluidity of the lipid. Roll-up was the main mechanism when removing olive oil, whereas emulsification (necking) and/or solubilization were observed in the removal of lard and tri-C10. Only 20–25% of the olive oil remained after treatment with surfactants, which was much less compared to the solid fats where roughly 50% remained at end of treatment. The effect of adding lipases to the detergent formulation was clearly seen, both by an apparently higher rate of removal of olive oil but also using double injection when removing lard. A first injection of only surfactants removed a certain part of the lard as emulsion droplets stuck onto the fiber. A second injection of both lipases and surfactants was able to remove some of the preformed emulsion particles and reduce the overall remaining lard content on the cotton fiber.

  • 21733. Sonesson, AW
    et al.
    Elofsson, Ulla
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Brismar, H
    Callisen, TH
    Adsorption and mobility of a lipase at a hydrophobic surface in the presence of surfactants2006In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 22, p. 5810-5817Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With the aim of being able to manipulate the processes involved in interfacial catalysis, we have studied the effects of a mixture of nonionic/anionic surfactants, C12E6/LAS (1:2 mol %), on the adsorption and surface mobility of a lipase obtained from Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and ellipsometry were used to analyze the competitive adsorption process between surfactants and TLL onto hydrophobic model surfaces intended to mimic an oily substrate for the lipase. We obtained the surface diffusion coefficient of a fluorescently labeled TLL variant on silica silanized with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) on a confocal laser scanning microscope. By means of ellipsometry we calibrated the fluorescence intensity with the surface density of the lipase. The TLL diffusion was measured at different surface densities of the enzyme and at two time intervals after coadsorption with different concentrations of C12E6/LAS. The surfactant concentrations were chosen to represent concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC), in the CMC region, and above the CMC. The apparent TLL surface diffusion was extrapolated to infinite surface dilution, D0. We found that the presence of surfactants strongly modulated the surface mobility of TLL: with D0 = 0.8 x 10-11 cm2/s without surfactants and D0 = 13.1 x 10-11 cm2/s with surfactants above the CMC. The increase in lipase mobility on passing the CMC was also accompanied by a 2-fold increase in the mobile fraction of TLL. SPR analysis revealed that surface bound TLL was displaced by C12E6/LAS in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that the observed increase in surface mobility imparts bulk-mediated diffusion and so-called rebinding of TLL to the surface. Our combined results on lipase/surfactant competitive adsorption and lipase surface mobility show how surfactants may play an important role in regulating interfacial catalysis from physiological digestion to technical applications such as detergency.

  • 21734. Sonesson, AW
    et al.
    Elofsson, Ulla
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Callisen, TH
    Brismar, H
    Tracking single lipase molecules on a trimyristin substrate surface using quantum dots2007In: Langmuir, ISSN 0743-7463, E-ISSN 1520-5827, Vol. 23, no 16, p. 8352-8356Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    : The mobility of single lipase molecules has been analyzed using single molecule tracking on a trimyristin substrate surface. This was achieved by conjugating lipases to quantum dots and imaging on spin-coated trimyristin surfaces by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Image series of single lipase molecules were collected, and the diffusion coefficient was quantified by analyzing the mean square displacement of the calculated trajectories. During no-flow conditions, the lipase diffusion coefficient was (8.0 +/- 5.0) x 10(-10) cm(2)/s. The trajectories had a "bead on a string" appearance, with the lipase molecule restricted in certain regions of the surface and then migrating to another region where the restricted diffusion continued. This gave rise to clusters in the trajectories. When a flow was applied to the system, the total distance and average step length between the clusters increased, but the restricted diffusion in the cluster regions was unaffected. This can be explained by the lipase operating in two different modes on the surface. In the cluster regions, the lipase is likely oriented with the active site toward the surface and hydrolyzes the substrate. Between these regions, a diffusion process is proposed where the lipase is in contact with the surface but affected by the external flow

  • 21735.
    Sonesson, U
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Environmental assessment of future day farming systems : quantifications of two scenarios from the FOOD 21 synthesis work2005Report (Other academic)
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  • 21736.
    Sonesson, U
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Environmental systems analysis of meals : model description and data used for two different meals2005Report (Other academic)
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  • 21737.
    Sonesson, U
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Livscykelanalys (LCA) av svenska ägg (ver.2)2008Report (Other academic)
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  • 21738.
    Sonesson, U
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Minskade risker med bekämpningsmedel och minskad miljöpåverkan, samtidigt? : en fallstudie på Findus konservärtsodling 1980-20052007Report (Other academic)
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  • 21739.
    Sonesson, U
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Mjölkkedjans miljöpåverkan : en miljösystemanalys av framtidscenarier av försörjningskedjan för mejeriprodukter2001Report (Refereed)
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  • 21740.
    Sonesson, U
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Cederberg, C
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Wivstad, M
    Dialog om växtskydd inom vattenskyddsområden : erfarenheter från tre fallstudier2009Report (Other academic)
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  • 21741. Sonesson, U.
    et al.
    Dalemo, Magnus
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, JTI Institutet för Jordbruks- och Miljöteknik.
    Mingarini, K.
    Jonsson, H.
    ORWARE - A simulation model for organic waste handling systems.: Part 2: Case study and simulation results1997In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling, ISSN 0921-3449, E-ISSN 1879-0658, Vol. 21, no 1, p. 39-54Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Results from simulations with the ORWARE model (ORganic WAste REsearch) are presented. The model was tested on a medium-sized Swedish city. The scenarios were planned to illustrate the consequences of different waste handling systems. The modelled processes for organic solid waste were; incineration, landfilling, anaerobic digestion and composting, for the wastewater they were sewage plant and source separation of urine. Each transport and treatment facility was modelled with respect to incoming waste. Each process model generates an energy balance, liquid and/or gaseous emissions and residual products as outputs. The simulation results show that source separation of solid waste, followed by biological treatment, is beneficial with respect to the recycling of phosphorus and environmental effects. The negative results for these systems are their energy balances. Source-separating human urine seems to be the only way to get a high degree of nitrogen recycling. The results also stress the importance of including liquid waste to get an overall picture of the transports needed to get the residues to arable land. Landfilling organic waste generates the largest negative environmental effect. A model description is presented in a companion paper.Results from simulations with the ORWARE model (ORganic WAste REsearch) are presented. The model was tested on a medium-sized Swedish city. The scenarios were planned to illustrate the consequences of different waste handling systems. The modelled processes for organic solid waste were; incineration, landfilling, anaerobic digestion and composting, for the wastewater they were sewage plant and source separation of urine. Each transport and treatment facility was modelled with respect to incoming waste. Each process model generates an energy balance, liquid and/or gaseous emissions and residual products as outputs. The simulation results show that source separation of solid waste, followed by biological treatment, is beneficial with respect to the recycling of phosphorus and environmental effects. The negative results for these systems are their energy balances. Source-separating human urine seems to be the only way to get a high degree of nitrogen recycling. The results also stress the importance of including liquid waste to get an overall picture of the transports needed to get the residues to arable land. Landfilling organic waste generates the largest; negative environmental effect. A model description is presented in a companion paper.

  • 21742.
    Sonesson, U
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Davis, J
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Ziegler, F
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Food production and emissions of greenhouse gases : an overview of the climate impact of different product groups2010Report (Other academic)
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  • 21743.
    Sonesson, U
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Floren, B
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Krewer, C
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Woodhouse, A
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Nilsson, K
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Hållbara matvägar – resultat och analys.2014Report (Other academic)
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  • 21744.
    Sonesson, U
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Janestad, H
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Raaholt, B
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Energy for preparation and storing of food : models for calculation of energy use for cooking and cold storage in households2003Report (Other academic)
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  • 21745.
    Sonesson, U
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Östergren, K
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Borch, E
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Barr, U.K.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Hamberg, L
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Hållbara matvägar – referens- och lösningsscenarier för brödveteproduktion och framställning av styckbröd.2014Report (Other academic)
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  • 21746.
    Sonesson, Ulf
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    A window on.... The Swedish institute for food and biotechnology2011In: Food Science and Technology, ISSN 1475-3324, Vol. 25, no 2, p. 42289-Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    SIK conducts applied research within food science, provides training for food sector companies and runs consultancy projects. SIK has a long tradition of international collaboration. Even before Sweden became a member of the EU, SIK participated in early Framework Programs and this has continued. In 2011, SIK will be active in 13 FP projects. SIK's research is guided by the research strategies. These strategies are developed in close collaboration with our Industrial Committee. The main area of competence is the relationship between process and product. Understanding these interactions facilitates the control of sensory and other quality attributes and thus paves the way for innovative products. Sustainable food production cannot be achieved by environmental research alone; it needs to be combined with research into how production, distribution and consumption can take place more effectively.

  • 21747.
    Sonesson, Ulf
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Hållbara matvägar – arbetsmetodik och utgångsscenarier2012Report (Other academic)
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  • 21748.
    Sonesson, Ulf
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Modelling of waste collection - A general approach to calculate fuel consumption and time2000In: Waste Management & Research, ISSN 0734-242X, E-ISSN 1096-3669, Vol. 18, no 2, p. 115-123Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A model for calculating time and energy consumption during the collection of waste with compacting trucks is presented. The model uses common statistics from a number of households in three different categories of residential area: the average distance from the residential area to treatment facility/transfer station, fuel consumption per km for the truck and average load and speed. This common and easily accessible information is completed with figures for time and energy consumption related to the extra work that is performed on account of stopping and emptying bins. Default values for those parameters are presented in this paper, estimated using data from a Swedish municipality. Data from four areas in Sweden were used for verification. The model predicts the real outcome relatively well: between 5 and 14% deviation for energy consumption and between 10 and 24% deviation for time consumption.A model for calculating time and energy consumption during the collection of waste with compacting trucks is presented. The model uses common statistics from a number of households in three different categories of residential area: the average distance from the residential area to treatment facility/transfer station, fuel consumption per km for the truck and average load and speed. This common and easily accessible information is completed with figures for time and energy consumption related to the extra work that is performed on account of stopping and emptying bins. Default values for those parameters are presented in this paper, estimated using data from a Swedish municipality. Data from four areas in Sweden were used for verification. The model predicts the real outcome relatively well: between 5 and 14% deviation for energy consumption and between 10 and 24% deviation for time consumption.The consumption of time and energy in a waste collection cycle using compacting trucks is expressed in a model. The model is based on residential data in three areas: the average distance from the neighborhood to the treatment or transfer facility, truck fuel consumption, and average load and speed. Additional calculations are made for time and energy consumption relative to the work required for stopping and emptying the waste bins. Defaults are calculated from a study on waste collection in a Swedish municipality, and verified with data from four other municipalities. The model predictions were relatively accurate, at 5-15% deviation for energy consumption, and 10-24% deviation for time consumption.

  • 21749.
    Sonesson, Ulf
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Food and Bioscience, Environment.
    Protein quality as functional unit – a methodological framework for inclusion in LCA2015In: Proceeding of “LCA for feeding the planet, energy for life, a conference within EXPO 2015”, 2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 21750.
    Sonesson, Ulf
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Anteson, F
    Davis, Jenny
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Sjoden, P.-O.
    Home transport and wastage: Environmentally relevant household activities in the life cycle of food2005In: Ambio, ISSN 0044-7447, E-ISSN 1654-7209, Vol. 34, no 42099, p. 371-375Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In environmental systems analysis of food production systems, the consumer phase (home transport, cooking, storing, and wastage) is an important contributor to the total life-cycle environmental impact. However, households are the least investigated part of the food chain. Information gathering about households involves difficulties; the number of households is large, and food-related activities are embedded in other household activities. In cooperation between researchers from environmental systems analysis and consumer research, Swedish households were surveyed by questionnaire, diary, and interviews. Data on home transport of food and wastage were collected. The average weekly driving distance was 28 to 63 km per household, depending on how trips made in conjunction with other errands are allocated. The wastage of prepared food ranged between 0 and 34% for different food categories, and wastage from storing between 0 and 164% (more food was discarded, e.g. by cleaning out a cupboard, than consumed). In both cases dairy products scored highest. © Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 2005.

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