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  • 1.
    ., .
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Safety.
    FIRE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE FOR VEHICLES AND MOBILE MACHINES2019Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The method described in this document introduces a procedure for management of fire hazards in vehicles and mobile machines. The method particularly provides elaborate support for identification of fire hazards in newly assembled vehicles and mobile machines as well as fire hazards resulting from operation, maintenance and retrofitting. The method presents how the identified hazards can be translated to estimations of fire risks and how these can be evaluated. Recommendations are also given on fire risk reduction measures for common designs, procedures and systems. This method is based on experience and knowledge gained through research, fire investigations and other industry professional services, as well as information provided by the industry. The method does not guarantee elimination of fires but regularly performed fire risk management will promote fire safety.

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    fulltext
  • 2.
    ., .
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Safety.
    FIRE SAFETY IN ENGINE COMPARTMENTS: SP Method 4912: Testing of fire suppression system intended for use in compartment with combustion engine.2019Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This method assesses the fire suppression performance of fire suppression systems under mock-up operational conditions. For this purpose, several different types of fires are ignited and stabilised inside an enclosure with typical engine compartment characteristics before the fire suppression system is activated. After the fire suppression system has been activated and completely discharged, the system is evaluated based on its ability to extinguish various fire sources.

    In order to ensure the reproducibility of the test and facilitate its adoption in different laboratories, the method utilizes a standardised mock-up.

    The fire suppression system is evaluated both as a complete system and in terms of components.

    Durability tests are adapted for harsh vehicle conditions and are adjusted to suit both on-road applications as well as off-road applications.

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    fulltext
  • 3.
    -, -
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden.
    SP Method 2369: Protection System for Storage of Inflammable Goods in Retail Environments - Fire Safety Cabinets2018Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This method evaluates the construction of fire safety cabinets designated for storing flammable goods in retail environments and their ability to internal and external fires. The general function of this cabinet must show that it controls and extinguishes a large internal fire, but also that an external fire does not spread to its flammable contents.

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    SP Method 2369
  • 4.
    -, -
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport.
    SP Metod 2369: Skyddssystem för förvaring av brandfarlig vara på försäljningstlännen - Brandavskiljande skåp2018Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [sv]

    Försäljning av produkter som är klassade som brandfarlig vara förekommer på många olika typer av försäljningsställen, från små butiker till stora varuhus och stormarknader. Som förpackningsmaterial förekommer ofta plast och försök har visat att detta ur brandsynpunkt kan leda till en allvarlig situation på grund av en mycket snabb brandspridning (bl a SP Rapport 2007:24). Dåvarande sprängämnesinspektionen utarbetade därför föreskrifter, SÄIFS 1996:2

    1, som reglerade hanteringen av brandfarliga gaser och vätskor på försäljningsställen. I föreskrifterna krävdes bl a att "Brandfarlig gas och vätska skall hanteras på sådant sätt att betryggande säkerhet föreligger. Hanteringen får inte försvåra utrymning och räddningsinsats."

    I tillhörande "Allmänna råd" gavs exempel på de mängder av brandfarlig vara som kan anses acceptabel i olika lokaler samt avstånd till andra varor. Både mängd och avståndskrav innebar dock avsevärda begränsningar för handeln och föreskrifterna medgav därför att dessa skulle kunna ändras under förutsättning att åtgärder vidtogs för att upprätthålla avsedd säkerhetsnivå. Som exempel på sådana åtgärder omnämns möjligheten att förvara de brandfarliga varorna i ett eget utrymme eller i speciella brandavskiljande skåp.

    För att kunna utvärdera brandavskiljande skåp utvecklades SP Metod 2369.

    1

    I SP Metod 2369 beskrivs de provningsförfaranden och krav som kan tillämpas för att utvärdera skyddssystem i form av fristående skåp. Metodik och krav är baserade på erfarenheter och försök med brandfarlig vara enligt SP-Arbetsrapport 1997:35 vilka sedan fastställts efter samråd med en referensgrupp bestående av intressenter för myndigheter, räddningstjänst, handeln, försäkringsbolag samt tillverkare av skyddssystem.

    I MSB:s (Myndigheten för Samhällsskydd och Beredskap) arbete, 2016-2018, med att ta fram "Handbok Brandfarliga gaser och vätskor i butik" sågs ett behov av att kunna tillåta samförvaring av både brandfarliga gaser och vätskor i framtiden. Eftersom skåp tidigare varit avsedda för och utvärderats för förvaring av antingen brandfarlig gas eller brandfarlig vätska bedömdes det nödvändigt att förändra den tidigare kravbilden. Därmed uppstod ett behov av att förändra brandproven samt de allmänna konstruktions- och funktionskraven i SP Metod 2369 för att säkerställa att metoden överrensstämmer med de nya riktlinjerna från MSB.

    I arbetet inför version 6 av SP Metod 2369 genomfördes, som följd av MSB:s arbete med nya riktlinjer, försök med förlängd brandexponeringstid vid provet för utvändig brandpåverkan. Arbetet i SP-arbetsrapport 1997:35 kompletterades också med brandförsök gjorda för att undersöka vid vilken temperatur aerosolburkar exploderar. Resultaten av proven har bidragit till förändringen av provningsmetodik och krav vad gäller utvändig brandpåverkan gentemot SP Metod 2369 version 5 och tidigare.

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    SP Metod 2369
  • 5.
    A. Hosseini, Vahid
    et al.
    University West, Sweden ; Innovatum AB, Sweden.
    Karlsson, Leif
    University West, Sweden.
    Örnek, Cem
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, KIMAB. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Reccagni, Pierfrance
    The University of Manchester, UK.
    Wessman, Sten
    University West, Sweden.
    Engelberg, Dirk
    The University of Manchester, UK.
    Microstructure and functionality of a uniquely graded super duplex stainless steel designed by a novel arc heat treatment method2018In: Materials Characterization, ISSN 1044-5803, E-ISSN 1873-4189, Vol. 139, p. 390-400Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A novel arc heat treatment technique was applied to design a uniquely graded super duplex stainless steel (SDSS), by subjecting a single sample to a steady state temperature gradient for 10 h. A new experimental approach was used to map precipitation in microstructure, covering aging temperatures of up to 1430 °C. The microstructure was characterized and functionality was evaluated via hardness mapping. Nitrogen depletion adjacent to the fusion boundary depressed the upper temperature limit for austenite formation and influenced the phase balance above 980 °C. Austenite/ferrite boundaries deviating from Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship (OR) were preferred locations for precipitation of σ at 630–1000 °C, χ at 560–1000 °C, Cr2N at 600–900 °C and R between 550 °C and 700 °C. Precipitate morphology changed with decreasing temperature; from blocky to coral-shaped for σ, from discrete blocky to elongated particles for χ, and from polygonal to disc-shaped for R. Thermodynamic calculations of phase equilibria largely agreed with observations above 750 °C when considering nitrogen loss. Formation of intermetallic phases and 475 °C-embrittlement resulted in increased hardness. A schematic diagram, correlating information about phase contents, morphologies and hardness, as a function of exposure temperature, is introduced for evaluation of functionality of microstructures. 

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  • 6.
    Aadland, Reidun C.
    et al.
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Akarri, Salem
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Heggset, Ellinor B
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Syverud, Kristin
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design. NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Torsæter, Ole
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    A core flood and microfluidics investigation of nanocellulose as a chemical additive to water flooding for eor2020In: Nanomaterials, E-ISSN 2079-4991, Vol. 10, no 7, article id 1296Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)- oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (T-CNFs) were tested as enhanced oil recovery (EOR) agents through core floods and microfluidic experiments. Both particles were mixed with low salinity water (LSW). The core floods were grouped into three parts based on the research objectives. In Part 1, secondary core flood using CNCs was compared to regular water flooding at fixed conditions, by reusing the same core plug to maintain the same pore structure. CNCs produced 5.8% of original oil in place (OOIP) more oil than LSW. For Part 2, the effect of injection scheme, temperature, and rock wettability was investigated using CNCs. The same trend was observed for the secondary floods, with CNCs performing better than their parallel experiment using LSW. Furthermore, the particles seemed to perform better under mixed-wet conditions. Additional oil (2.9–15.7% of OOIP) was produced when CNCs were injected as a tertiary EOR agent, with more incremental oil produced at high temperature. In the final part, the effect of particle type was studied. T-CNFs produced significantly more oil compared to CNCs. However, the injection of T-CNF particles resulted in a steep increase in pressure, which never stabilized. Furthermore, a filter cake was observed at the core face after the experiment was completed. Microfluidic experiments showed that both T-CNF and CNC nanofluids led to a better sweep efficiency compared to low salinity water flooding. T- CNF particles showed the ability to enhance the oil recovery by breaking up events and reducing the trapping efficiency of the porous medium. A higher flow rate resulted in lower oil recovery factors and higher remaining oil connectivity. Contact angle and interfacial tension measurements were conducted to understand the oil recovery mechanisms. CNCs altered the interfacial tension the most, while T-CNFs had the largest effect on the contact angle. However, the changes were not significant enough for them to be considered primary EOR mechanisms.

  • 7.
    Aadland, Reidun C.
    et al.
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Dziuba, Carter J.
    University of Calgary, Canada.
    Heggset, Ellinor B
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy, PFI.
    Syverud, Kristin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy, PFI.
    Torsæter, Ole
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Holt, Thorleif
    SINTEF, Norway.
    Gates, Ian D.
    University of Calgary, Canada.
    Bryant, Steven L.
    University of Calgary, Canada.
    Identification of nanocellulose retention characteristics in porous media2018In: Nanomaterials, E-ISSN 2079-4991, Vol. 8, no 7, article id 547Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The application of nanotechnology to the petroleum industry has sparked recent interest in increasing oil recovery, while reducing environmental impact. Nanocellulose is an emerging nanoparticle that is derived from trees or waste stream from wood and fiber industries. Thus, it is taken from a renewable and sustainable source, and could therefore serve as a good alternative to current Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) technologies. However, before nanocellulose can be applied as an EOR technique, further understanding of its transport behavior and retention in porous media is required. The research documented in this paper examines retention mechanisms that occur during nanocellulose transport. In a series of experiments, nanocellulose particles dispersed in brine were injected into sandpacks and Berea sandstone cores. The resulting retention and permeability reduction were measured. The experimental parameters that were varied include sand grain size, nanocellulose type, salinity, and flow rate. Under low salinity conditions, the dominant retention mechanism was adsorption and when salinity was increased, the dominant retention mechanism shifted towards log-jamming. Retention and permeability reduction increased as grain size decreased, which results from increased straining of nanocellulose aggregates. In addition, each type of nanocellulose was found to have significantly different transport properties. Experiments with Berea sandstone cores indicate that some pore volume was inaccessible to the nanocellulose. As a general trend, the larger the size of aggregates in bulk solution, the greater the observed retention and permeability reduction. Salinity was found to be the most important parameter affecting transport. Increased salinity caused additional aggregation, which led to increased straining and filter cake formation. Higher flow rates were found to reduce retention and permeability reduction. Increased velocity was accompanied by an increase in shear, which is believed to promote breakdown of nanocellulose aggregates. © 2018 by the authors.

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  • 8.
    Aadland, Reidun
    et al.
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Jakobsen, Trygve
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Heggset, Ellinor B
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy, PFI.
    Long-Sanouiller, Haili
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Simon, Sebastien
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Paso, Kristofer
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Syverud, Kristin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy, PFI. NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Torsæter, Ole
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    High-temperature core flood investigation of nanocellulose as a green additive for enhanced oil recovery2019In: Nanomaterials, E-ISSN 2079-4991, Vol. 9, no 5, article id 665Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent studies have discovered a substantial viscosity increase of aqueous cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) dispersions upon heat aging at temperatures above 90 °C. This distinct change in material properties at very low concentrations in water has been proposed as an active mechanism for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), as highly viscous fluid may improve macroscopic sweep efficiencies and mitigate viscous fingering. A high-temperature (120 °C) core flood experiment was carried out with 1 wt.% CNC in low salinity brine on a 60 cm-long sandstone core outcrop initially saturated with crude oil. A flow rate corresponding to 24 h per pore volume was applied to ensure sufficient viscosification time within the porous media. The total oil recovery was 62.2%, including 1.2% oil being produced during CNC flooding. Creation of local log-jams inside the porous media appears to be the dominant mechanism for additional oil recovery during nano flooding. The permeability was reduced by 89.5% during the core flood, and a thin layer of nanocellulose film was observed at the inlet of the core plug. CNC fluid and core flood effluent was analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size analysis, and shear rheology. The effluent was largely unchanged after passing through the core over a time period of 24 h. After the core outcrop was rinsed, a micro computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to examine heterogeneity of the core. The core was found to be homogeneous. © 2019 by the authors.

  • 9.
    Aaen, Ragnhild
    et al.
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Brodin, Fredrik Wernersson
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy, PFI.
    Simon, Sébastien
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Heggset, Ellinor B
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy, PFI.
    Syverud, Kristin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy, PFI. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Cellulose Nanofibrils-The Effects of Ionic Strength and pH.2019In: Nanomaterials, E-ISSN 2079-4991, Vol. 9, no 2, article id E259Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Pickering o/w emulsions prepared with 40 wt % rapeseed oil were stabilized with the use of low charged enzymatically treated cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and highly charged 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized CNFs. The emulsion-forming abilities and storage stability of the two qualities were tested in the presence of NaCl and acetic acid, at concentrations relevant to food applications. Food emulsions may be an important future application area for CNFs due to their availability and excellent viscosifying abilities. The emulsion characterization was carried out by visual inspection, light microscopy, viscosity measurements, dynamic light scattering and mild centrifugation, which showed that stable emulsions could be obtained for both CNF qualities in the absence of salt and acid. In addition, the enzymatically stabilized CNFs were able to stabilize emulsions in the presence of acid and NaCl, with little change in the appearance or droplet size distribution over one month of storage at room temperature. The work showed that enzymatically treated CNFs could be suitable for use in food systems where NaCl and acid are present, while the more highly charged TEMPO-CNFs might be more suited for other applications, where they can contribute to a high emulsion viscosity even at low concentrations.

  • 10.
    Aaen, Ragnhild
    et al.
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Lehtonen, Mari
    University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Mikkonen, Kirsi
    University of Helsinki, Finland.
    Syverud, Kristin
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design. NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Combining cellulose nanofibrils and galactoglucomannans for enhanced stabilization of future food emulsions2021In: Cellulose, ISSN 0969-0239, E-ISSN 1572-882X, Vol. 28, no 16, p. 10485-10500Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of wood-derived cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) or galactoglucomannans (GGM) for emulsion stabilization may be a way to obtain new environmentally friendly emulsifiers. Both have previously been shown to act as emulsifiers, offering physical, and in the case of GGM, oxidative stability to the emulsions. Oil-in-water emulsions were prepared using highly charged (1352 ± 5 µmol/g) CNFs prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation, or a coarser commercial CNF, less charged (≈ 70 µmol/g) quality (Exilva forte), and the physical emulsion stability was evaluated by use of droplet size distributions, micrographs and visual appearance. The highly charged, finely fibrillated CNFs stabilized the emulsions more effectively than the coarser, lower charged CNFs, probably due to higher electrostatic repulsions between the fibrils, and a higher surface coverage of the oil droplets due to thinner fibrils. At a constant CNF/oil ratio, the lowest CNF and oil concentration of 0.01 wt % CNFs and 5 wt % oil gave the most stable emulsion, with good stability toward coalescence, but not towards creaming. GGM (0.5 or 1.0 wt %) stabilized emulsions (5 wt % oil) showed no creaming behavior, but a clear bimodal distribution with some destabilization over the storage time of 1 month. Combinations of CNFs and GGM for stabilization of emulsions with 5 wt % oil, provided good stability towards creaming and a slower emulsion destabilization than for GGM alone. GGM could also improve the stability towards oxidation by delaying the initiation of lipid oxidation. Use of CNFs and combinations of GGM and CNFs can thus be away to obtain stable emulsions, such as mayonnaise and beverage emulsions. © 2021, The Author(s).

  • 11.
    Aaen, Ragnhild
    et al.
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Simon, Sebastien
    Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Wernersson Brodin, Fredrik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy, PFI.
    Syverud, Kristin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy, PFI. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    The potential of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils as rheology modifiers in food systems2019In: Cellulose, ISSN 0969-0239, E-ISSN 1572-882X, Vol. 26, no 9, p. 5483-5496Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Abstract: Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) have been proposed for use in low-fat food products due to their availability and excellent viscosifying and gel forming abilities. As the CNFs are negatively charged, the presence of other components in foods, such as electrolytes and food additives such as xanthan gum is likely to affect their rheological properties. Hence, the study of these interactions can contribute valuable information of the suitability of CNFs as rheology modifiers and fat replacers. Rheological measurements on aqueous dispersions of TEMPO-oxidized CNFs were performed with variations in concentration of CNFs, concentration of electrolytes and with varying CNF/xanthan ratios. UV–Vis Spectroscopy was used to evaluate the onset of CNF flocculation/aggregation in the presence of electrolytes. The CNF dispersions followed a power-law dependency for viscosity and moduli on CNF concentration. Low electrolyte additions strengthened the CNF network by allowing for stronger interactions, while higher additions led to fibril aggregation, and loss of viscosity, especially under shear. The CNF/xanthan ratio, as well as the presence of electrolytes were shown to be key factors in determining whether the viscosity and storage modulus of CNF dispersions increased or decreased when xanthan was added. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

  • 12.
    Aalberg, Asbjørn Lein
    et al.
    SINTEF, Norway.
    Aamodt, Edvard
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Holen, Siri Mariane
    SINTEF, Norway.
    Læring etter branner i Norge – forutsetninger, barrierer og fremmende faktorer2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Denne rapporten presenterer resultater fra et prosjekt som er utført av Fire Research and Innovation Centre - FRIC fra 2020 til 2022. Første versjon av rapporten ble publisert på engelsk i mars 2022. Denne norske versjonen er oversatt av SINTEF Digital og RISE Fire Research i samarbeid. En spesiell takk til Caroline Kristensen for arbeidet med oversettelsen. Rapporten er også oppdatert på enkelte punkter, uten at fokus og konklusjoner skal være endret.

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    fulltext
  • 13.
    Aalberg, Asbjørn Lein
    et al.
    SINTEF Digital, Norway.
    Holen, Siri Mariane
    SINTEF Digital, Norway.
    Aamodt, Edvard
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne Elise
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety. NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Preconditions for Learning from Fires in Norway: Structural, Cultural, Technological, Interactional and Relational Aspects2021In: Proceedings of the 31st European Safety and Reliability Conference, 2021, p. 1747-1754Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Learning from incidents is widely accepted as a core part of safety management. This is also true for fires – however few fires in Norway are investigated. Fires are interesting incidents conceptually due to their potential of devastating outcomes on material and human lives and because they happen across all sectors and industries, businesses, and homes. In Norway, several different actors play a role in investigating and learning from fires, from the fire rescue services to directorates and Non-Governmental Organisations. The present study seeks to understand the preconditions for learning from fires in Norway, with emphasis on the formal actors that play a role in preventing and mitigating fires. Methodologically, the study is based on qualitative interviews conducted with relevant actors from first responders, authorities, and other sectors. We found that there are structural, cultural, technological, and relational aspects that seem to influence learning from fires in Norway. The results were analyzed using thematic analysis and the Pentagon model framework. The findings are discussed in relation to theories from organisational learning and learning from incidents.

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  • 14.
    Aamodt, Edvard
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Holmvaag, Anders Ole
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Sanfeliu Melia, Cristina
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Erfaringer med mobile vanntåkeanlegg installert i boliger2022Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Experiences regarding personal protection water mist systems installed in dwellings. Personal protection water mist systems can produce a water mist that can cool down and limit a fire in a small area in a dwelling. The system is equipped with sensitive detectors which can activate the system in the early stages of the fire and limit the fire spread, and in some cases extinguish the fire. This gives more time for evacuation, which can be especially important for vulnerable people with risk factors, like impaired cognitive and physical functioning. The goal of this study has been to map the experiences in Norway regarding personal protection water mist systems, considering how the municipalities have experienced the work related to the systems and whether the systems have activated and saved lives. This will shed light upon whether mobile water mist systems are appropriate measures for vulnerable people in the society, and the risk factors that determine whether the measure is appropriate or not. This study has used literature studies, questionnaires, and interviews to map the experiences of personal protection water mist systems in Norway. The results showed that personal protection water mist systems installed in Norwegian dwellings have been activated in connection with fire outbreaks, and thus limited or extinguished the fire. This has saved lives on several occasions and reduced the damage potential. There are many people who have risk factors that make it appropriate to install a mobile water mist system in their home, but there are also exceptions. The risk factors that indicate that it is beneficial to install mobile water mist systems in Norwegian dwellings are - Impaired cognitive abilities - Impaired physical abilities - Drug and alcohol problems - Smoking - Living alone The systems are particularly suitable when several of the risk factors are present at the same time. It was also shown that personal protection water mist systems are not suitable for mobile people who spend time in several places in the home and are therefore often outside the system's coverage area. Personal protection water mist systems are not recommended for people who may have the potential to sabotage the system. In questionnaires and interviews, it emerged that there are big differences between how Norwegian municipalities work with assigning, installing, operating, and maintaining personal protection water mist systems. In larger municipalities, there are more people who rely on routines and formal processes for the work, and there is therefore a greater proportion of the larger municipalities who distribute the facilities out to individuals than in the small municipalities where the work is more characterised by informal routines and personal relations. 3 Based on the results from this study, it is our opinion that the following aspects should be covered by future work: • Need for a new and updated cost-benefit analysis for personal protection water mist systems. • Need for a better statistical basis for assessment of the personal protection water mist systems. • Need for a Norwegian test standard for personal protection water mist systems. • Need for clear guidelines for assignment, procurement, installing, operation, and maintenance of personal protection water mist systems.

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  • 15.
    Aamodt, Edvard
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Safety.
    Meraner, Christoph
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Safety.
    Brandt, Are W
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Safety.
    Review of efficient manual fire extinguishing methods and equipment for the fire service2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The late 90s and the early 2000s was a period with relative extensive research and innovation in the area of manual fire extinguishing methods and equipment for the fire service. New equipment such as the cutting extinguisher and extinguishing spears allowed to conduct offensive attacks from the exterior of a building, reducing the exposure of fire fighters to fire and smoke and their associated risks in general. This led to the development of new firefighting tactics, as for example the Quadrant Model of the Dutch fire service, which extends the “traditional” offensive interior attack and defensive exterior attack by the offensive exterior attack and defensive interior attack.Recently the research focus has furthermore increasingly shifted to environmental aspects, such as the water consumption and effect of additives (i.e., foam) on humans and the environment. Extinguishing with smaller amounts of water is beneficial for the environment, reduces water damage and lowers the burden on the water delivery system.ConclusionIn conclusion, the systems most relevant to be further tested in a fire situation in a small house or dwelling are the cutting extinguisher and the extinguishing spear.These systems are different in operation but have both shown to be promising with regard to fulfilling the different objectives of the overall project. Being relatively easy to utilize with the right training during internal extinguishing efforts executed from the outside of the building, and being only water based to minimize contamination, due to lower water consumption, of the surrounding areas give these systems advantages over conventional equipment.Especially if the systems are used in combination with an IR camera to locate the fire, the extinguishing efforts can be started early and effectively, and the water amount needed to control the fire may be reduced. The need for firefighters with breathing apparatus is reduced as well, hence reducing the smoke exposure to firefighters.The fact that the fire service also recognizes the potential of using these systems early in the extinguishing efforts, and is working on implementing them, prompts the need for scientific backup.

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  • 16.
    Aamodt, Edvard
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire Technology.
    Rønning, Birger
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire Technology.
    Sikkerhetsbehov for kullgriller i restauranter2020Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The RISE report 2019:04 «Charcoal and wood burning ovens in restaurants – Fire safety and documentation requirements» [1] investigated regulations and documental demands tied to charcoal and wood burning ovens in restaurants in Norway. A part of the conclusion in this report emphasized the need for, through physical testing, mapping whether existing test standards covers the safety requirements of charcoal ovens in restaurants. NS-EN 13240:2001 «Roomheaters fired with solid fuel. Requirements and test methods» [2] was chosen as a relevant test standard. Three test ovens (a closed test oven, a dummy oven and an open test oven) was produced at RISE Fire Research. Their construction with regard to insulation capabilities, materials and dimensions was based on existing charcoal ovens placed on the Norwegian marked. This was done to achieve an objective depiction of the issue, without the need for a specific brand of ovens. Restaurant oven charcoal was utilized to achieve as real heat development as possible in the test ovens. The test layout is based on NS-EN 12340:2001, with a test rigg constructed of two «safety walls», ceiling and floor attached with thermocouples. Temperatures from the test oven are registered in the safety walls at several positions according to a standardised grid, and in the ceiling and the floor each have one single measurement position measuring warmest point. Thermocouples in the chimney and exhaust duct measured the flue gas temperatures transported to the exhaust system. Four different tests were conducted, where the first one was a standardized safety test including the closed oven model. The second test was the same safety test setup with the dummy oven besides the closed oven. The dummy contained a built-in propane burner to simulate the heat load from a real oven. The purpose was to simulate two ovens placed next to each other. The third test was an overload test on the closed test oven with 150 % fuel load and higher refuelling frequency. The last test was a test of the open test oven. The safety test method described in NS-EN 13240:2001 is suitable to test the level of stable maximal temperature in the surrounding combustible materials, in the same way as for roomheaters, which the method is designed for. The method addresses safety aspects such as surface temperatures and handles on the oven. Tests show that the temperatures developed in the ovens have the potential to breech the temperature criterion given by the test standard, and therefore contribute to the ignition of surrounding combustible materials. Such situations pose a fire risk and safety measures regarding this aspect must be documented by the producer. NS-EN13240:2001 does not cover temperatures for exhaust duct and the production of sparks and their possible spread to combustible materials. These are important safety aspects which must be addressed when documenting the fire safety of restaurant grills. Tests show that sparks are created in the oven, including from restaurant charcoal fuel, and are transported into the exhaust duct, and out through the opening of the grill door. Together with high flue gas temperatures in the exhaust duct and deposits of soot and cooking oil this pose a fire risk. Documentation must therefore be presented, showing that the oven is equipped with measures (for instance spark screen) which guards the exhaust duct from sparks to a satisfactory degree. Operators of the oven must receive adequate training and must operate the closed oven with caution, as to avoid incidents with sparks being released though the door. The placement of ovens next to each other does not seem to increase the heat load on surrounding walls but may lead to increased temperatures in between the ovens. The consequences of temperature increases must be documented. Tests show that overloading with fuel and intensifying the refuelling intervals can lead to increased temperatures in the oven, which can affect materials and welding seams. Overloading can also affect the temperatures towards surrounding walls and exhaust ducts and therefore may affect fire safety negatively. NS-EN 13240:2001 requires the producer to documents how the oven is constructed and of what materials, and that the welding seams are dimensioned for the materials used. It is recommended that the producer documents the safety level of the oven materials with an overload test. It must also be documented that the exhaust ducts in which the flue gas are transported are constructed to handle the potential temperatures that can arise, including erroneous use.

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  • 17.
    Aamodt, Edvard
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety. NTNU, Norway.
    Holmvaag, Ole Anders
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    LEARNING FROM FIRE INCIDENTS : Analysis of a devastating fire in a building with municipal housing in Norway2022In: Proceedings of the 32nd European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2022), 2022, p. 1156-Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This article presents an analysis of a fire in a municipal apartment building used as housing for people with challenges connected to drug addiction. The fire took place in Norway 7th of August 2021. The incident happened during the night and the fire was spreading quickly and intensely via the external wooden balconies. The combination of risk factors both connected to the fire development and the characteristics of the occupants raises the potential for fire fatalities. This analysis seeks to understand why the fire spread with such a speed, and how everyone in the building survived without injuries. The analysis identified both technical and human factors that may help to answer these questions. The findings suggest that there were deficiencies connected to the technical fire safety design that if improved could have reduced the fire damage. Factors promoting the fire spread and fire intensity include the choice of wood material used in the construction of the balconies, no sprinkler system installed on the balconies and a large fire load on the balconies caused by the occupants’ tendency to accumulate possessions on the balconies. Factors contributing to the outcome of no injuries or fatalities included occupants being awake during these late hours, and the strong social network between them. Such a network should be seen as a positive factor regarding robustness against fire and should be encouraged.

  • 18.
    Aamodt, Edvard
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    Holmvaag, Ole Anders
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.
    Olsen, Vegard E
    Multiconsult, Norway.
    Hermansen, Anna-Karin
    TBRT, Norway.
    Hermansen, Arild
    TBRT, Norway.
    Log, Torgrim
    Gassco, Norway.
    Opstad, Kristen K
    NTNU, Norway.
    Hagen, Bjarne C
    HVL, Norway.
    Analyse av brann i kommunalt boligbygg i Bergen 7. august 20212023Report (Other academic)
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  • 19.
    Aarstad, Olav
    et al.
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Heggset, Ellinor B
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy, PFI.
    Pedersen, Ina Sander
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Björnöy, Sindre H.
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Syverud, Kristin
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), Bioeconomy, PFI.
    Strand, Berit L.
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Mechanical properties of composite hydrogels of alginate and cellulose nanofibrils2017In: Polymers, E-ISSN 2073-4360, Vol. 9, no 8, article id 378Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Alginate and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are attractive materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. CNF gels are generally weaker and more brittle than alginate gels, while alginate gels are elastic and have high rupture strength. Alginate properties depend on their guluronan and mannuronan content and their sequence pattern and molecular weight. Likewise, CNF exists in various qualities with properties depending on, e.g., morphology and charge density. In this study combinations of three types of alginate with different composition and two types of CNF with different charge and degree of fibrillation have been studied. Assessments of the composite gels revealed that attractive properties like high rupture strength, high compressibility, high gel rigidity at small deformations (Young’s modulus), and low syneresis was obtained compared to the pure gels. The effects varied with relative amounts of CNF and alginate, alginate type, and CNF quality. The largest effects were obtained by combining oxidized CNF with the alginates. Hence, by combining the two biopolymers in composite gels, it is possible to tune the rupture strength, Young’s modulus, syneresis, as well as stability in physiological saline solution, which are all important properties for the use as scaffolds in tissue engineering.

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  • 20.
    Abbadessa, Anna
    et al.
    KTH Royal institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Dogaris, Ioannis
    KTH Royal institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Kishani Farahani, Saina
    KTH Royal institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Reid, Michael S.
    KTH Royal institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Rautkoski, Hille
    VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland.
    Holopainen-Mantila, Ulla
    VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Finland.
    Oinonen, Petri
    Ecohelix, Sweden.
    Henriksson, Gunnar
    KTH Royal institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Layer-by-layer assembly of sustainable lignin-based coatings for food packaging applications2023In: Progress in organic coatings, ISSN 0300-9440, E-ISSN 1873-331X, Vol. 182, article id 107676Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Packaging plays a critical role in ensuring food safety and shelf life by protecting against e.g., moisture, gases, and light. Polyethylene (PE) is widely used in food packaging, but it is mainly produced from non-renewable resources and it is an inefficient oxygen and light barrier. In this study, the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of a sustainably produced lignin-based polymer (EH) with polyethylenimine (PEI) or chitosan (CH) was used to fabricate (partially or fully) bio-based coatings with the aim of improving barrier properties of PE films. The charge density of EH was calculated using a polyelectrolyte titration method and the hydrodynamic diameters of EH, PEI and CH were determined by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). LbL assembly was monitored in situ via Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D) and Stagnation Point Adsorption Reflectometry (SPAR). PE films were coated with a variable number of PEI/EH or CH/EH bilayers (BL) using an immersive LbL assembly method. Coated films were studied in terms of light-blocking ability, wettability, thermal behaviour, surface structure, as well as oxygen and water vapor barrier properties. QCM-D and SPAR data showed a stepwise multilayer formation and strong interactions between the oppositely charged polymers, with PEI/EH coating having a greater amount of deposited polymer compared to CH/EH coating at the same number of BL. Overall, light barrier properties and wettability of the coated films increased with the number of deposited bilayers. Coated PE films maintained the overall thermal behaviour of PE. A number of BL of 20 was found to be the most promising based on the studied properties. Selected samples showed improved oxygen and water vapor barrier properties, with PEI/EH coating performing better than CH/EH coating. Taken altogether, we demonstrated that a novel and sustainable lignin-based polymer can be combined with PEI or CH to fabricate (partially or fully) bio-based coatings for food packaging. 

  • 21.
    Abbas, Khizra
    et al.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Nee, Hans-Peter
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Kostov, Konstantin Stoychev
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Smart Hardware.
    Autonomously Modulating Gate Drivers For Triangular-Current Mode (TCM) Zero-Voltage Switching (ZVS) Buck Converter2023In: Proceedings of 22nd International Symposium on Power Electronics, Ee 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2023Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This paper introduces a novel approach to designing autonomous gate drivers for soft-switched buck converters. The objective is to reduce switching losses, enhance converter efficiency, and reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI). The uniqueness of this converter is that the pulse-width modulation is performed autonomously on the gate driver. The gate driver makes quick decisions on switching times, capitalizing on the minimal time delay between measurements and switching. In the proposed buck converter configuration, the gate driver senses both the current and voltage across the switches to avoid delay. When a slightly negative voltage is detected across the switch, it rapidly turns on, resulting in a zero-voltage switching (ZVS). With an external snubber capacitor placed across the switches, the turn-off switching losses are zero (ZVS). Hence, both the turn-on and turn-off of the switch are soft. To enable the switch to turn off, a reference value of the switch current needs to be sent out to the gate driver using a galvanically isolated current sensor. Through this approach, the efficiency of the 7 kW buck converter has been calculated to exceed 99% without including the filter losses. Additional benefits include reduced switch stresses, diminished electromagnetic interference (EMI), and simplified thermal management.

  • 22.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Requirements-Level Reuse Recommendation and Prioritization of Product Line Assets2021Other (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Software systems often target a variety of different market segments. Targeting varying customer requirements requires a product-focused development process. Software Product Line (SPL) engineering is one possible approach based on reuse rationale to aid quick delivery of quality product variants at scale. SPLs reuse common features across derived products while still providing varying configuration options. The common features, in most cases, are realized by reusable assets. In practice, the assets are reused in a clone-and-own manner to reduce the upfront cost of systematic reuse. Besides, the assets are implemented in increments, and requirements prioritization also has to be done. In this context, the manual reuse analysis and prioritization process become impractical when the number of derived products grows. Besides, the manual reuse analysis process is time-consuming and heavily dependent on the experience of engineers. In this licentiate thesis, we study requirements-level reuse recommendation and prioritization for SPL assets in industrial settings. We first identify challenges and opportunities in SPLs where reuse is done in a clone-and-own manner. We then focus on one of the identified challenges: requirements-based SPL assets reuse and provide automated support for identifying reuse opportunities for SPL assets based on requirements. Finally, we provide automated support for requirements prioritization in the presence of dependencies resulting from reuse.

  • 23.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Variability aware requirements reuse analysis2020In: Proceedings - International Conference on Software Engineering, IEEE Computer Society , 2020, p. 190-193Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Problem: The goal of a software product line is to aid quick andquality delivery of software products, sharing common features.Effectively achieving the above-mentioned goals requires reuseanalysis of the product line features. Existing requirements reuseanalysis approaches are not focused on recommending product linefeatures, that can be reused to realize new customer requirements.Hypothesis: Given that the customer requirements are linked toproduct line features' description satisfying them: then the customer requirements can be clustered based on patterns and similarities, preserving the historic reuse information. New customerrequirements can be evaluated against existing customer requirements and reuse of product line features can be recommended.Contributions: We treated the problem of feature reuse analysisas a text classification problem at the requirements-level. We useNatural Language Processing and clustering to recommend reuseof features based on similarities and historic reuse information.The recommendations can be used to realize new customer requirements. © 2020 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

  • 24.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems. Mälardalens University, Sweden.
    Ferrari, Alessio
    CNR-ISTI, Italy.
    Shatnawi, Anas
    Berget-Levrault, France.
    Enoiu, Eduard
    Mälardalens University, Sweden.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Is Requirements Similarity a Good Proxy for Software Similarity?: An Empirical Investigation in Industry2021In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 27th International Working Conference on Requirements Engineering: Foundation for Software Quality, REFSQ 2021, 12 April 2021 - 15 April 2021, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH , 2021, Vol. 12685, p. 3-18Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    [Context and Motivation] Content-based recommender systems for requirements are typically built on the assumption that similar requirements can be used as proxies to retrieve similar software. When a new requirement is proposed by a stakeholder, natural language processing (NLP)-based similarity metrics can be exploited to retrieve existing requirements, and in turn identify previously developed code. [Question/problem] Several NLP approaches for similarity computation are available, and there is little empirical evidence on the adoption of an effective technique in recommender systems specifically oriented to requirements-based code reuse. [Principal ideas/results] This study compares different state-of-the-art NLP approaches and correlates the similarity among requirements with the similarity of their source code. The evaluation is conducted on real-world requirements from two industrial projects in the railway domain. Results show that requirements similarity computed with the traditional tf-idf approach has the highest correlation with the actual software similarity in the considered context. Furthermore, results indicate a moderate positive correlation with Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of more than 0.5. [Contribution] Our work is among the first ones to explore the relationship between requirements similarity and software similarity. In addition, we also identify a suitable approach for computing requirements similarity that reflects software similarity well in an industrial context. This can be useful not only in recommender systems but also in other requirements engineering tasks in which similarity computation is relevant, such as tracing and categorization.

  • 25.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Ferrari, Alessio
    CNR-ISTI, Italy.
    Shatnawi, Anas
    Berger-Levrault, France.
    Enoiu, Eduard
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    On the relationship between similar requirements and similar software: A case study in the railway domain2023In: Requirements Engineering, ISSN 0947-3602, E-ISSN 1432-010X, Vol. 28, p. 23-47Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recommender systems for requirements are typically built on the assumption that similar requirements can be used as proxies to retrieve similar software. When a stakeholder proposes a new requirement, natural language processing (NLP)-based similarity metrics can be exploited to retrieve existing requirements, and in turn, identify previously developed code. Several NLP approaches for similarity computation between requirements are available. However, there is little empirical evidence on their effectiveness for code retrieval. This study compares different NLP approaches, from lexical ones to semantic, deep-learning techniques, and correlates the similarity among requirements with the similarity of their associated software. The evaluation is conducted on real-world requirements from two industrial projects from a railway company. Specifically, the most similar pairs of requirements across two industrial projects are automatically identified using six language models. Then, the trace links between requirements and software are used to identify the software pairs associated with each requirements pair. The software similarity between pairs is then automatically computed with JPLag. Finally, the correlation between requirements similarity and software similarity is evaluated to see which language model shows the highest correlation and is thus more appropriate for code retrieval. In addition, we perform a focus group with members of the company to collect qualitative data. Results show a moderately positive correlation between requirements similarity and software similarity, with the pre-trained deep learning-based BERT language model with preprocessing outperforming the other models. Practitioners confirm that requirements similarity is generally regarded as a proxy for software similarity. However, they also highlight that additional aspect comes into play when deciding software reuse, e.g., domain/project knowledge, information coming from test cases, and trace links. Our work is among the first ones to explore the relationship between requirements and software similarity from a quantitative and qualitative standpoint. This can be useful not only in recommender systems but also in other requirements engineering tasks in which similarity computation is relevant, such as tracing and change impact analysis.

  • 26.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems. Mälardalens University, Sweden.
    Hamayouni, Ali
    Mälardalens University, Sweden.
    Helali Moghadam, Mahshid
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Strandberg, Per Erik
    Westermo Network Technologies AB, Sweden.
    Making Sense of Failure Logs in an Industrial DevOps Environment2023In: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing book series (AISC,volume 1445): 20th International Conference on Information Technology New Generations, Springer International Publishing , 2023, Vol. 1445, p. 217-226Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Processing and reviewing nightly test execution failure logs for large industrial systems is a tedious activity. Furthermore, multiple failures might share one root/common cause during test execution sessions, and the review might therefore require redundant efforts. This paper presents the LogGrouper approach for automated grouping of failure logs to aid root/common cause analysis and for enabling the processing of each log group as a batch. LogGrouper uses state-of-art natural language processing and clustering approaches to achieve meaningful log grouping. The approach is evaluated in an industrial setting in both a qualitative and quantitative manner. Results show that LogGrouper produces good quality groupings in terms of our two evaluation metrics (Silhouette Coefficient and Calinski-Harabasz Index) for clustering quality. The qualitative evaluation shows that experts perceive the groups as useful, and the groups are seen as an initial pointer for root cause analysis and failure assignment.

  • 27.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), ICT, SICS.
    Inayat, I.
    National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Pakistan.
    Jan, N.
    National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Pakistan.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), ICT, SICS.
    Enoiu, E. Paul
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Sundmark, D.
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    MBRP: Model-Based Requirements Prioritization Using PageRank Algorithm2019In: 2019 26th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC), 2019, p. 31-38Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Requirements prioritization plays an important role in driving project success during software development. Literature reveals that existing requirements prioritization approaches ignore vital factors such as interdependency between requirements. Existing requirements prioritization approaches are also generally time-consuming and involve substantial manual effort. Besides, these approaches show substantial limitations in terms of the number of requirements under consideration. There is some evidence suggesting that models could have a useful role in the analysis of requirements interdependency and their visualization, contributing towards the improvement of the overall requirements prioritization process. However, to date, just a handful of studies are focused on model-based strategies for requirements prioritization, considering only conflict-free functional requirements. This paper uses a meta-model-based approach to help the requirements analyst to model the requirements, stakeholders, and inter-dependencies between requirements. The model instance is then processed by our modified PageRank algorithm to prioritize the given requirements. An experiment was conducted, comparing our modified PageRank algorithm's efficiency and accuracy with five existing requirements prioritization methods. Besides, we also compared our results with a baseline prioritized list of 104 requirements prepared by 28 graduate students. Our results show that our modified PageRank algorithm was able to prioritize the requirements more effectively and efficiently than the other prioritization methods.

  • 28.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Inayat, Irum
    National University of Computer& Emerging Sciences, Pakistan.
    Jan, Naila
    National University of Computer& Emerging Sciences, Pakistan.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Enoiu, Eduard Paul
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    MBRP: Model-based Requirements Prioritization Using PageRank Algorithm2019In: The 26th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference, IEEE conference proceedings, 2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Requirements prioritization plays an important role in driving project success during software development. Literature reveals that existing requirements prioritization approaches ignore vital factors such as interdependency between requirements. Existing requirements prioritization approaches are also generally time-consuming and involve substantial manual effort. Besides, these approaches show substantial limitations in terms of the number of requirements under consideration. There is some evidence suggesting that models could have a useful role in the analysis of requirements interdependency and their visualization, contributing towards the improvement of the overall requirements prioritization process. However, to date, just a handful of studies are focused on model-based strategies for requirements prioritization, considering only conflict-free functional requirements. This paper uses a meta-model-based approach to help the requirements analyst to model the requirements, stakeholders, and inter-dependencies between requirements. The model instance is then processed by our modified PageRank algorithm to prioritize the given requirements. An experiment was conducted, comparing our modified PageRank algorithm’s efficiency and accuracy with five existing requirements prioritization methods. Besides, we also compared our results with a baseline prioritized list of 104 requirements prepared by 28 graduate students. Our results show that our modified PageRank algorithm was able to prioritize the requirements more effectively and efficiently than the other prioritization methods.

  • 29.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Inayat, Irum
    National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Pakistan.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Jan, Naila
    National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Pakistan.
    Requirements dependencies-based test case prioritization for extra-functional properties2019In: IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops, IEEE , 2019Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of requirements’ information in testing is a well-recognized practice in the software development life cycle. Literature reveals that existing tests prioritization and selection approaches neglected vital factors affecting tests priorities, like interdependencies between requirement specifications. We believe that models may play a positive role in specifying these inter-dependencies and prioritizing tests based on these inter-dependencies. However, till date, few studies can be found that make use of requirements inter-dependencies for test case prioritization. This paper uses a meta-model to aid modeling requirements, their related tests, and inter-dependencies between them. The instance of this meta-model is then processed by our modified PageRank algorithm to prioritize the requirements. The requirement priorities are then propagated to related test cases in the test model and test cases are selected based on coverage of extra-functional properties. We have demonstrated the applicability of our proposed approach on a small example case.

  • 30.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), ICT, SICS.
    Inayat, Irum
    National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Pakistan.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), ICT, SICS.
    Jan, Naila
    National University of Computer & Emerging Sciences, Pakistan.
    Requirements dependencies-based test case prioritization for extra-functional properties2019In: Proceedings - 2019 IEEE 12th International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops, ICSTW 2019, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2019, p. 159-163Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The use of requirements' information in testing is a well-recognized practice in the software development life cycle. Literature reveals that existing tests prioritization and selection approaches neglected vital factors affecting tests priorities, like interdependencies between requirement specifications. We believe that models may play a positive role in specifying these inter-dependencies and prioritizing tests based on these inter-dependencies. However, till date, few studies can be found that make use of requirements inter-dependencies for test case prioritization. This paper uses a meta-model to aid modeling requirements, their related tests, and inter-dependencies between them. The instance of this meta-model is then processed by our modified PageRank algorithm to prioritize the requirements. The requirement priorities are then propagated to related test cases in the test model and test cases are selected based on coverage of extra-functional properties. We have demonstrated the applicability of our proposed approach on a small example case.

  • 31.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Jongeling, Robbert
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Lindskog, Claes
    Bombardier Transportation AB, Sweden.
    Enoiu, Eduard
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Product line adoption in industry: an experience report from the railway domain2020In: SPLC '20: Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Systems and Software Product Line: Volume A, Association for Computing Machinery , 2020, p. 130-141, article id 3Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The software system controlling a train is typically deployed on various hardware architectures and must process various signals across those deployments. The increase of such customization scenarios and the needed adherence of the software to various safety standards in different application domains has led to the adoption of product line engineering within the railway domain. This paper explores the current state-of-practice of software product line development within a team developing industrial embedded software for a train propulsion control system. Evidence is collected using a focus group session with several engineers and through inspection of archival data. We report several benefits and challenges experienced during product line adoption and deployment. Furthermore, we identify and discuss improvement opportunities, focusing mainly on product line evolution and test automation. 

  • 32.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Rauf, Abdel
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Enoiu, Eduard
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Keywords-based test categorization for Extra-Functional Properties2020In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW), 2020, p. 153-156Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Categorizing existing test specifications can provide insights on coverage of the test suite to extra-functional properties. Manual approaches for test categorization can be time-consuming and prone to error. In this short paper, we propose a semi-automated approach for semantic keywords-based textual test categorization for extra-functional properties. The approach is the first step towards coverage-based test case selection based on extra-functional properties. We report a preliminary evaluation of industrial data for test categorization for safety aspects. Results show that keyword-based approaches can be used to categorize tests for extra-functional properties and can be improved by considering contextual information of keywords.

  • 33.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Enoiu, Eduard Paul
    Mälardalens University, Sweden.
    Requirements-driven Reuse Recommendation2021In: 25th ACM International Systems and Software Product Line Conference, ACM , 2021, Vol. AConference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This tutorial explores requirements-based reuse recommendation for product line assets in the context of clone-and-own product lines.

  • 34.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems. Mälardalens University, Sweden.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Enoiu, Eduard Paul
    Mälardalens University, Sweden.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalens University, Sweden.
    Lindskog, Claes
    Bombardier Transportation AB, Sweden.
    Automated Reuse Recommendation of Product Line Assets based on Natural Language Requirements2020In: Reuse in Emerging Software Engineering Practices, Springer International Publishing , 2020, Vol. 12541, p. 173-189Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Software product lines (SPLs) are based on reuse rationale to aid quick and quality delivery of complex products at scale. Deriving a new product from a product line requires reuse analysis to avoid redundancy and support a high degree of assets reuse. In this paper, we propose and evaluate automated support for recommending SPL assets that can be reused to realize new customer requirements. Using the existing customer requirements as input, the approach applies natural language processing and clustering to generate reuse recommendations for unseen customer requirements in new projects. The approach is evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively in the railway industry. Results show that our approach can recommend reuse with 74% accuracy and 57.4% exact match. The evaluation further indicates that the recommendations are relevant to engineers and can support the product derivation and feasibility analysis phase of the projects. The results encourage further study on automated reuse analysis on other levels of abstractions.

  • 35.
    Abbas, Muhammad
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Enoiu, Eduard
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Sundamark, Daniel
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Lindskog, Claes
    Bombardier Transportation AB, Sweden.
    Automated Reuse Recommendation of Product Line Assets Based on Natural Language Requirements2020In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH , 2020, Vol. 12541, p. 173-189Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Software product lines (SPLs) are based on reuse rationale to aid quick and quality delivery of complex products at scale. Deriving a new product from a product line requires reuse analysis to avoid redundancy and support a high degree of assets reuse. In this paper, we propose and evaluate automated support for recommending SPL assets that can be reused to realize new customer requirements. Using the existing customer requirements as input, the approach applies natural language processing and clustering to generate reuse recommendations for unseen customer requirements in new projects. The approach is evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively in the railway industry. Results show that our approach can recommend reuse with 74% accuracy and 57.4% exact match. The evaluation further indicates that the recommendations are relevant to engineers and can support the product derivation and feasibility analysis phase of the projects. The results encourage further study on automated reuse analysis on other levels of abstractions. 

  • 36.
    Abbas, Nadeem
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Andersson, Jesper
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Architectural Reasoning Support for Product-Lines of Self-adaptive Software Systems - A Case Study2015In: Software Architecture: 9th European Conference, ECSA 2015, Dubrovnik/Cavtat, Croatia, September 7-11, 2015. Proceedings, Springer International Publishing , 2015, 17, p. 20-36Chapter in book (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Software architecture serves as a foundation for the design and development of software systems. Designing an architecture requires extensive analysis and reasoning. The study presented herein focuses on the architectural analysis and reasoning in support of engineering self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse. Designing self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse introduces variability along three dimensions; adding more complexity to the architectural analysis and reasoning process. To this end, the study presents an extended Architectural Reasoning Framework with dedicated reasoning support for self-adaptive systems and reuse. To evaluate the proposed framework, we conducted an initial feasibility case study, which concludes that the proposed framework assists the domain architects to increase reusability, reduce fault density, and eliminate differences in skills and experiences among architects, which were our research goals and are decisive factors for a system’s overall quality.

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  • 37.
    Abbas, Nadeem
    et al.
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Andersson, Jesper
    Linnaeus University, Sweden.
    Harnessing Variability in Product-lines of Self-adaptive Software Systems2015In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Software Product Line (SPLC '15), New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), 2015, 12, p. 191-200Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    This work studies systematic reuse in the context of self-adaptive software systems. In our work, we realized that managing variability for such platforms is different compared to traditional platforms, primarily due to the run-time variability and system uncertainties. Motivated by the fact that recent trends show that self-adaptation will be used more often in future system generation and that software reuse state-of-practice or research do not provide sufficient support, we have investigated the problems and possibly resolutions in this context. We have analyzed variability for these systems, using a systematic reuse prism, and identified a research gap in variability management. The analysis divides variability handling into four activities: (1) identify variability, (2) constrain variability, (3) implement variability, and (4) manage variability. Based on the findings we envision a reuse framework for the specific domain and present an example framework that addresses some of the identified challenges. We argue that it provides basic support for engineering self-adaptive software systems with systematic reuse. We discuss some important avenues of research for achieving the vision.

  • 38.
    Abbas, S.
    et al.
    Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan.
    Imtiaz-ud-Din,
    Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan.
    Mehmood, M.
    Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan.
    Raheel, A.
    Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan.
    Ayub, Rabia
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Biorefinery and Energy.
    Zahid, M.
    Higher Education Department Govt. of the Punjab, Pakistan.
    Tahir, M. N.
    University of Sargodha, Pakistan.
    Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Bioactive Ferrocenyl Substituted Hydrazones2021In: Russian journal of coordination chemistry, ISSN 1070-3284, E-ISSN 1608-3318, Vol. 47, no 12, p. 891-902Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A series of ferrocenyl substituted hydrazones (I–VII) derived from ferrocene carboxaldehyde and substituted hydrazides have been prepared and characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and crystallographic studies. The single-crystal X-ray analysis for III·0.5H2O·0.5CH3CN (CIF file CCDC no. 1968937) further authenticates the structural motif of the synthesized compounds. The C(11) of ferrocene carboxaldehyde is linked with N(1) of the hydrazide moiety with a bond length of 1.283(5) Å, confirming the binding of the two structural units present in the final product. They were preliminarily screened for their antimicrobial activity and demonstrate good results. The free radical scavenging activity for the compounds (III, IV) has been found to be more than 90% when compared with the ascorbic acid. The total antioxidant capacity and total reducing power assays for VI show significant activity whereas the data for the other compounds are also encouraging. Quantum chemical calculations at the DFT level predict that compound II is the softest while VII is the hardest within the series, resultantly II can be used as a synthon for further chemical reactions.

  • 39.
    Abbas, Zainab
    et al.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Al-Shishtawy, Ahmad
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, ICT, SICS.
    Girdzijauskas, Sarunas
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, ICT, SICS. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Vlassov, Vladimir
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Short-Term Traffic Prediction Using Long Short-Term Memory Neural Networks2018In: Proceedings - 2018 IEEE International Congress on Big Data, BigData Congress 2018 - Part of the 2018 IEEE World Congress on Services, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2018, p. 57-65Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Short-term traffic prediction allows Intelligent Transport Systems to proactively respond to events before they happen. With the rapid increase in the amount, quality, and detail of traffic data, new techniques are required that can exploit the information in the data in order to provide better results while being able to scale and cope with increasing amounts of data and growing cities. We propose and compare three models for short-term road traffic density prediction based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks. We have trained the models using real traffic data collected by Motorway Control System in Stockholm that monitors highways and collects flow and speed data per lane every minute from radar sensors. In order to deal with the challenge of scale and to improve prediction accuracy, we propose to partition the road network into road stretches and junctions, and to model each of the partitions with one or more LSTM neural networks. Our evaluation results show that partitioning of roads improves the prediction accuracy by reducing the root mean square error by the factor of 5. We show that we can reduce the complexity of LSTM network by limiting the number of input sensors, on average to 35% of the original number, without compromising the prediction accuracy. .

  • 40.
    Abbas, Zainab
    et al.
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Sigurdsson, Thorsteinn
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Al-Shishtawy, Ahmad
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, ICT, SICS.
    Vlassov, Vladimir
    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
    Evaluation of the use of streaming graph processing algorithms for road congestion detection2018In: Proceedings - 16th IEEE International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications, 17th IEEE International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Communications, 8th IEEE International Conference on Big Data and Cloud Computing, 11th IEEE International Conference on Social Computing and Networking and 8th IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Communications, ISPA/IUCC/BDCloud/SocialCom/SustainCom 2018, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2018, p. 1017-1025Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Real-time road congestion detection allows improving traffic safety and route planning. In this work, we propose to use streaming graph processing algorithms for road congestion detection and evaluate their accuracy and performance. We represent road infrastructure sensors in the form of a directed weighted graph and adapt the Connected Components algorithm and some existing graph processing algorithms, originally used for community detection in social network graphs, for the task of road congestion detection. In our approach, we detect Connected Components or communities of sensors with similarly weighted edges that reflect different states in the traffic, e.g., free flow or congested state, in regions covered by detected sensor groups. We have adapted and implemented the Connected Components and community detection algorithms for detecting groups in the weighted sensor graphs in batch and streaming manner. We evaluate our approach by building and processing the road infrastructure sensor graph for Stockholm's highways using real-world data from the Motorway Control System operated by the Swedish traffic authority. Our results indicate that the Connected Components and DenGraph community detection algorithms can detect congestion with accuracy up to ? 94% for Connected Components and up to ? 88% for DenGraph. The Louvain Modularity algorithm for community detection fails to detect congestion regions for sparsely connected graphs, representing roads that we have considered in this study. The Hierarchical Clustering algorithm using speed and density readings is able to detect congestion without details, such as shockwaves.

  • 41.
    Abbasi, A
    et al.
    NKT HV Cables AB, Sweden.
    Castellon, J
    University of Montpellier, France.
    Cavallini, A
    University of Bologna, Italy.
    Esterl, F
    TU Berlin, Germany.
    Götz, T
    TU Dresden, Germany.
    Kharezy, Mohammad
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Measurement Technology.
    Markalous, S
    Megger, Germany.
    Neuhold, S
    FKH, Switzerland.
    Pietsch, R
    Highvolt, Germany.
    Pirker, A
    TU Graz, Austria.
    Plath, R
    TU Berlin, Germany.
    Riechert, U
    ABB Ltd, Switzerland.
    Rossner, M
    Hochschule Coburg, Germany.
    Seltzer- Grant, M
    HVPD Ltd, UK.
    Frietsche, R
    Siemens AG, Germany.
    Geissler, M
    Siemens AG, Germany.
    Kosse, M
    Siemens AG, Germany.
    Reuter, M
    Siemens AG, Germany.
    Hockbruckner, B
    Hochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany.
    Kuchler, A
    Hochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Germany.
    Progress on Partial Discharge Detectionunder DC Voltage Stress2019Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Detection and evaluation of partial discharges (PD) is important for quality assurance and diagnosis ofelectrical insulation systems. With increasing use of DC voltages in electrical transmission and distributionsystems, the field of PD under DC voltage stress needs to be further investigated.CIGRE Working Group D1.63 was approved for start in May 2015, where available knowledge and experiencein particular concerning the field distribution in insulation systems used in DC voltage systems, and thephysical processes of the PD phenomena under DC voltage stress should be reviewed. In order of guidingto meaningful procedures for DC PD measurements of HV equipment thorough understanding of i) thedifferences of PD behaviour between AC and DC with respect to the physical process and ii) influencingfactors of operating conditions (as e.g. polarization, temperature etc.) of different insulation systems underDC stress and respective effects on PD phenomena had to be examined.

  • 42.
    Abbasi, Abdul G
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems.
    Rydberg, Anna
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Agriculture and Food.
    Altmann, Peter
    Digg Agency for Digital Government, Sweden.
    Towards a verifiable and secure data sharing platform for livestock supply chain2022In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, International Conference on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, International Conference on Cloud and Big Data Computing, International Conference on Cyber Science and Technology Congress, DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/CyberSciTech 2022, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The digitization of a supply chain involves satisfying several functional and non-functional context specific requirements. The work presented herein builds on efforts to elicit trust and profit requirements from actors in the Swedish livestock supply chain, specifically the beef supply chain. Interviewees identified several benefits related to data sharing and traceability but also emphasized that these benefits could only be realized if concerns around data security and data privacy were adequately addressed. We developed a data sharing platform as a response to these requirements. Requirements around verifiability, traceability, secure data sharing of potentially large data objects, fine grained access control, and the ability to link together data objects was realized using distributed ledger technology and a distributed file system. This paper presents this data sharing platform together with an evaluation of its usefulness in the context of beef supply chain traceability. 

  • 43.
    Abbasi, Abdul Gahafoor
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, ICT, Acreo.
    Khan, Zaheer
    University of the West of England, UK.
    Veidblock: Verifiable identity using blockchain and ledger in a software defined network2017In: UCC 2017 Companion - Companion Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc , 2017, p. 173-179Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Blockchain and verifiable identities have a lot of potential in future distributed software applications e.g. smart cities, eHealth, autonomous vehicles, networks, etc. In this paper, we proposed a novel technique, namely VeidBlock 1 , to generate verifiable identities by following a reliable authentication process. These entities are managed by using the concepts of blockchain ledger and distributed through an advance mechanism to protect them against tampering. All identities created using VeidBlock approach are verifiable and anonymous therefore it preserves user’s privacy in verification and authentication phase. As a proof of concept, we implemented and tested the VeidBlock protocols by integrating it in a SDN based infrastructure. Analysis of the test results yield that all components successfully and autonomously performed initial authentication and locally verified all the identities of connected components.

  • 44.
    Abbasi, Shirin
    et al.
    Islamic Azad University, Iran.
    Rahmani, Amir
    National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Taiwan.
    Balador, Ali
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Digital Systems, Industrial Systems. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Sahafi, Amir
    Islamic Azad University, Iran.
    Internet of Vehicles: Architecture, services, and applications2021In: International Journal of Communication Systems, ISSN 1074-5351, E-ISSN 1099-1131, Vol. 34, no 10, article id e4793Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The connection between objects and information exchange has been possible in recent years, with the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) in different industries. We can meet different requirements in each industry utilizing this feature. Intelligent transportation uses the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) as a solution for communication among vehicles. It improves traffic management applications and services to guarantee safety on roads. We categorize services, applications, and architectures and propose a taxonomy for IoV. Then, we study open issues and challenges for future works. We highlighted applications and services due to drivers' requirements and nonfunctional requirements, considering the qualitative characteristic. This paper summarizes the current state of the IoV in architectures, services, and applications. It can be a start view to provide the solutions for challenges in traffic management in cities. The present study is beneficial for smart city developments and management. According to this paper's result, the services and applications evaluate performance with 34% frequency, safety and data accuracy, and security with a 13% frequency in selected papers. These measurements are essential due to the IoV characteristics such as real-time operation, accident avoidance in applications, and complicated user data management. 

  • 45.
    Abbaspour Assadollah, Sara
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Saadatmand, Mehrdad
    RISE, Swedish ICT, SICS.
    Eldh, Sigrid
    Ericsson AB, Sweden.
    Sundmark, Daniel
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Hansson, Hans
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    A Model for Systematic Monitoring and Debugging of Starvation Bugs in Multicore Software2016In: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Specification, Comprehension, Testing, and Debugging of Concurrent Programs (SCTDCP 2016), 2016, p. 7-11Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    With the development of multicore hardware, concurrent, parallel and multicore software are becoming increasingly popular. Software companies are spending a huge amount of time and resources to nd and debug the bugs. Among all types of software bugs, concurrency bugs are also important and troublesome. This type of bugs is increasingly becoming an issue particularly due to the growing prevalence of multicore hardware. In this position paper, we propose a model for monitoring and debugging Starvation bugs as a type of concurrency bugs in multicore software. The model is composed into three phases: monitoring, detecting and debugging. The monitoring phase can support detecting phase by storing collected data from the system execution. The detecting phase can support debugging phase by comparing the stored data with starvation bug's properties, and the debugging phase can help in reproducing and removing the Starvation bug from multicore software. Our intention is that our model is the basis for developing tool(s) to enable solving Starvation bugs in software for multicore platforms.

  • 46.
    Abbaspour, Saadeh
    et al.
    Mälardalen University, Sweden; University of Qom, Iran.
    Fotouhi, Faranak
    University of Qom, Iran.
    Sedaghatbaf, Ali
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Fotouhi, Hossein
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Vahabi, Maryam
    Mälardalen University, Sweden; ABB Corporate Research, Sweden.
    Linden, Maria
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    A comparative analysis of hybrid deep learning models for human activity recognition2020In: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 20, no 19, article id 5707Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) led to effective methods and tools for analyzing the human behavior. Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is one of the fields that has seen an explosive research interest among the ML community due to its wide range of applications. HAR is one of the most helpful technology tools to support the elderly’s daily life and to help people suffering from cognitive disorders, Parkinson’s disease, dementia, etc. It is also very useful in areas such as transportation, robotics and sports. Deep learning (DL) is a branch of ML based on complex Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) that has demonstrated a high level of accuracy and performance in HAR. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are two types of DL models widely used in the recent years to address the HAR problem. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of their integration in recognizing daily activities, e.g., walking. We analyze four hybrid models that integrate CNNs with four powerful RNNs, i.e., LSTMs, BiLSTMs, GRUs and BiGRUs. The outcomes of our experiments on the PAMAP2 dataset indicate that our proposed hybrid models achieve an outstanding level of performance with respect to several indicative measures, e.g., F-score, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. © 2020 by the authors.

  • 47.
    Abbaspour, Sara
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden (2017-2019), ICT, Acreo. Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Lindén, Maria
    Mälardalen University, Sweden.
    Gholamhosseini, Hamid
    Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
    Naber, Autumn
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Ortiz-Catalan, Max
    Integrum AB, Sweden.
    Evaluation of surface EMG-based recognition algorithms for decoding hand movements2019In: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, ISSN 0140-0118, E-ISSN 1741-0444, Vol. 58, no 1, p. 83-100Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Myoelectric pattern recognition (MPR) to decode limb movements is an important advancement regarding the control of powered prostheses. However, this technology is not yet in wide clinical use. Improvements in MPR could potentially increase the functionality of powered prostheses. To this purpose, offline accuracy and processing time were measured over 44 features using six classifiers with the aim of determining new configurations of features and classifiers to improve the accuracy and response time of prosthetics control. An efficient feature set (FS: waveform length, correlation coefficient, Hjorth Parameters) was found to improve the motion recognition accuracy. Using the proposed FS significantly increased the performance of linear discriminant analysis, K-nearest neighbor, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), and support vector machine by 5.5%, 5.7%, 6.3%, and 6.2%, respectively, when compared with the Hudgins’ set. Using the FS with MLE provided the largest improvement in offline accuracy over the Hudgins feature set, with minimal effect on the processing time. Among the 44 features tested, logarithmic root mean square and normalized logarithmic energy yielded the highest recognition rates (above 95%). We anticipate that this work will contribute to the development of more accurate surface EMG-based motor decoding systems for the control prosthetic hands. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].

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  • 48.
    Abdelaziz, Omar
    et al.
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden. Lund University, Sweden.
    Capanema, Ewellyn
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Ajao, Olumoye
    Canmet ENERGY, Canada.
    Kristensen, Tove
    Lund University, Sweden.
    Hosseinaei, Omid
    RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Material and Surface Design.
    Benali, Marzouk
    Canmet ENERGY, Canada.
    Hulteberg, Christian
    Lund University, Sweden.
    A Rapid and Tunable Approach for the Fractionation of Technical Kraft Lignin2023In: Chemical Engineering Transactions, ISSN 1974-9791, E-ISSN 2283-9216, Vol. 99, p. 67-72Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Reducing the heterogeneity of technical lignin is essential to obtain predictable and high-performance polymeric materials that are suitable for high-value applications. Organic solvents with different polarities and solubilities can be used to fractionate lignin and reduce the complexity and diversity of its chemical structure. Among the various solvents and solvent mixtures, acetone-water mixtures offer an energy-efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly means of lignin fractionation. In the present study, temperature-induced acetone-water fractionation was investigated to refine the properties of a technical softwood Kraft lignin, i.e., LignoBoost™ lignin. Relatively mild operating conditions were tested, namely, temperatures of 70-110°C and autogenous pressure. A factorial experimental design was developed using the Design-Expert® software, and three factors (temperature, time, and acetone concentration) were investigated. It was found that temperature-induced fractionation could increase lignin homogeneity and maintain high lignin solubilization with a short processing time (<1 h). It was also possible to tune the properties of the soluble lignin fraction (yield and weight-average molecular weight) based on the factorial models developed. The techno-economic evaluation confirmed the commercial viability of this fractionation process. 

  • 49.
    Abdelraheem, Mohamed Ahmed
    et al.
    RISE, Swedish ICT, SICS.
    Alizadeh, Javad
    Sharif University of Technology, Iran.
    Alkhzaimi, Hoda A.
    DTU Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Aref, Mohammad Reza
    Sharif University of Technology, Iran.
    Bagheri, Nasour
    Shahid Rajaee Teachers Training University, Iran; IPM Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Iran.
    Gauravaram, Praveen
    Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
    Improved Linear Cryptanalysis of reduced-round SIMON-32 and SIMON-482015In: Progress in Cryptology - INDOCRYPT 2015, 2015, Vol. 9462, p. 153-179Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In this paper we analyse two variants of SIMON family of light-weight block ciphers against linear cryptanalysis and present the best linear cryptanalytic results on these variants of reduced-round SIMON to date. We propose a time-memory trade-off method that finds differential/linear trails for any permutation allowing low Hamming weight differential/linear trails. Our method combines low Hamming weight trails found by the correlation matrix representing the target permutation with heavy Hamming weight trails found using a Mixed Integer Programming model representing the target differential/linear trail. Our method enables us to find a 17-round linear approximation for SIMON-48 which is the best current linear approximation for SIMON-48. Using only the correlation matrix method, we are able to find a 14-round linear approximation for SIMON-32 which is also the current best linear approximation for SIMON-32. The presented linear approximations allow us to mount a 23-round key recovery attack on SIMON-32 and a 24-round Key recovery attack on SIMON-48/96 which are the current best results on SIMON-32 and SIMON-48. In addition we have an attack on 24 rounds of SIMON-32 with marginal complexity.

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  • 50.
    Abdelraheem, Mohamed Ahmed
    et al.
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, ICT, SICS.
    Andersson, Tobias
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, ICT, SICS.
    Gehrmann, Christian
    Lund university, Sweden.
    Searchable Encrypted Relational Databases:Risks and Countermeasures2017In: Data Privacy Management, Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain Technology: ESORICS 2017 International Workshops, DPM 2017 and CBT 2017, Oslo, Norway, September 14-15, 2017, Proceedings / [ed] Joaquin Garcia-Alfaro et al., Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature , 2017, Vol. 10436, p. 70-85Conference paper (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We point out the risks of protecting relational databases viaSearchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) schemes by proposing an infer-ence attack exploiting the structural properties of relational databases.We show that record-injection attacks mounted on relational databaseshave worse consequences than their file-injection counterparts on un-structured databases. Moreover, we discuss some techniques to reducethe effectiveness of inference attacks exploiting the access pattern leak-age existing in SSE schemes. To the best of our knowledge, this is thefirst work that investigates the security of relational databases protectedby SSE schemes.

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