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  • 1. Abrahamsson, C.
    et al.
    Siahpoosh, M.
    Altskär, Annika
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Nyden, M.
    Composite silica gel as test bed for flow in nano porous materials2011In: European Cells and Materials, ISSN 1473-2262, E-ISSN 1473-2262, Vol. 21, no SUPPL.1, p. 27-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 2.
    Abrahamsson, Christoffer K.
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Nordstierna, Lars
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Bergenholtz, Johan
    University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
    Altskär, Annika
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Nyden, Magnus
    University of South Australia, Australia.
    Magnetically induced structural anisotropy in binary colloidal gels and its effect on diffusion and pressure driven permeability2014In: Soft Matter, ISSN 1744-683X, E-ISSN 1744-6848, Vol. 10, no 24, p. 4403-4412Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We report on the synthesis, microstructure and mass transport properties of a colloidal hydrogel self-assembled from a mixture of colloidal silica and nontronite clay plates at different particle concentrations. The gel-structure had uniaxial long-range anisotropy caused by alignment of the clay particles in a strong external magnetic field. After gelation the colloidal silica covered the clay particle network, fixing the orientation of the clay plates. Comparing gels with a clay concentration between 0 and 0.7 vol%, the magnetically oriented gels had a maximum water permeability and self-diffusion coefficient at 0.3 and 0.7 vol% clay, respectively. Hence the specific clay concentration resulting in the highest liquid flux was pressure dependent. This study gives new insight into the effect of anisotropy, particle concentration and bound water on mass transport properties in nano/microporous materials. Such findings merit consideration when designing porous composite materials for use in for example fuel cell, chromatography and membrane technology.

  • 3. Ahlgren, M.
    et al.
    Gustafsson, I.-B.
    Hall, Gunnar
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Attitudes and beliefs directed towards ready meal consumption.2004In: Food Service Technology, Vol. 4, no 4, p. 159-169Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 4. Ahlgren, M.
    et al.
    Gustafsson, I.-B.
    Hall, Gunnar
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Buyers' demands for ready meals: Influenced by gender and who will eat them.2006In: Journal of Foodservice, Vol. 7, p. 205-211Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 5. Ahlgren, M.
    et al.
    Gustafsson, I.-B.
    Hall, Gunnar
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    The impact of the meal situation on the consumption of ready meals.2005In: International Journal of Consumer Studies, Vol. 29, p. 485-492Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 6.
    Ahlgren, Mia
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Ready meal consumption - when, where, why and by whom?2004Report (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Ahlgren, S
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Environmental impact of chemical and mechanical weed control in agriculture : a comparing study using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology2004Report (Other academic)
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  • 8.
    Ahlqvist, Josefin
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Using monolithic cryogels for direct capture of inclusion bodies during fermentation - a way to monitor the process2006Report (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Ahlqvist, Josefin
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Using monolithic cryogels for direct capture of inclusion bodies during fermentation - a way to monitor the process2006Report (Other academic)
  • 10.
    Ahrné, Lilia
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Andersson, C.-G.
    Floberg, P.
    Rosen, J.
    Lingnert, Hans
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Effect of crust temperature and water content on acrylamide formation during baking of white bread: Steam and falling temperature baking2007In: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, ISSN 0023-6438, E-ISSN 1096-1127, Vol. 40, no 10, p. 1708-1715Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effect of crust temperature and water content on acrylamide formation was studied during the baking of white bread. To assess the effect of over-baking, we used a full factorial experimental design in which the baking time was increased by 5 and 10 min at each baking temperature. Additional experiments were performed with steam baking and falling temperature baking. Immediately after baking, the crust was divided into the outer and inner crust fractions, and the water content and acrylamide concentration of each fraction was measured. The outer crust had a significantly lower water content and higher acrylamide concentration than the inner crust did. Crust temperature in combination with water content had a significant effect on acrylamide formation, higher temperatures resulting in higher acrylamide concentrations. However, at very high temperatures and lower water contents, acrylamide concentration was observed to decrease, though the bread colour was then unacceptable for consumption. Steam and falling temperature baking, on the other hand, decreased the acrylamide content while producing bread crust with an acceptable colour. The lowest acrylamide values and an acceptable crust colour were produced by steam baking. © 2007 Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology.

  • 11.
    Ahrné, Lilia
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Chamayou, A.
    Dewettinck, K.
    Depypere, F.
    Dumoulin, E.
    Fitzpatrick, J.
    Processing of food powders2008In: Food Materials Science: Principles and Practice, p. 341-368Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The development of formulation engineering concepts in food manufacturing and the demand for diversity in food products has driven a substantial market increase for food ingredients. Most ingredients are supplied in powder form and therefore a better understanding of dispersed solid food systems is important both for food ingredient manufactures and food producers. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

  • 12.
    Ahrné, Lilia
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Frias, J
    Oliveira, F.A.R.
    Singh, R.P.
    Modelling textural changes of vegetables during acidification under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions2001In: Acta Horticulturae, ISSN 0567-7572, Vol. 566, p. 323-328Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Acidification can be used to improve the quality of canned vegetables because it can decrease thermal processing requirements. Moreover, there is some evidence that acidified vegetables retain a better texture than non-acidified ones. Optimisation of the acidification processes requires the knowledge of the relationship between texture and thermal process at low/moderate temperature. The main objective of this work was the modelling of textural changes of vegetables during acidification under isothermal conditions, and the application of the model to predict textural changes in non-isothermal processes. Turnip was the vegetable used in the experiments. The effect of pre-treatments (blanching, freezing/thawing, calcium addition and vacuum infusion of water before acidification) on the kinetics of textural changes during acidification was also studied. Turnips were acidified in acetic acid under isothermal (20, 50, 70, 80, 90 and 100°C) and non-isothermal conditions (20 to 90°C). Texture was modelled by a two subtract first order kinetic model, assuming an Arrhenius-type dependence of the rate constants on temperature. The model parameters were estimated by nonlinear regression. At temperatures lower then 70°C no significant changes in texture were detected. At higher temperatures the model showed a good fit to the data for all the conditions tested. Acidification decreased the percentage of heat labile substrate from 96% to 62%, thus improving firmness retention. The parameters of the kinetic model estimated under isothermal conditions provided an adequate prediction of texture changes under non-isothermal conditions. The methodology developed in this work can be further applied to model the textural changes of vegetables during other thermal processes, such as drying, blanching, and frying.

  • 13.
    Ahrné, Lilia
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Frias, J.
    Oliveira, F.A.R.
    Singh, R.P.
    Modelling textural changes of vegetables during acidification under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions2001In: Acta Horticulturae, ISSN 0567-7572, Vol. 566, p. 323-328Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Acidification can be used to improve the quality of canned vegetables because it can decrease thermal processing requirements. Moreover, there is some evidence that acidified vegetables retain a better texture than non-acidified ones. Optimisation of the acidification processes requires the knowledge of the relationship between texture and thermal process at low/moderate temperature. The main objective of this work was the modelling of textural changes of vegetables during acidification under isothermal conditions, and the application of the model to predict textural changes in non-isothermal processes. Turnip was the vegetable used in the experiments. The effect of pre-treatments (blanching, freezing/thawing, calcium addition and vacuum infusion of water before acidification) on the kinetics of textural changes during acidification was also studied. Turnips were acidified in acetic acid under isothermal (20, 50, 70, 80, 90 and 100°C) and non-isothermal conditions (20 to 90°C). Texture was modelled by a two subtract first order kinetic model, assuming an Arrhenius-type dependence of the rate constants on temperature. The model parameters were estimated by nonlinear regression. At temperatures lower then 70°C no significant changes in texture were detected. At higher temperatures the model showed a good fit to the data for all the conditions tested. Acidification decreased the percentage of heat labile substrate from 96% to 62%, thus improving firmness retention. The parameters of the kinetic model estimated under isothermal conditions provided an adequate prediction of texture changes under non-isothermal conditions. The methodology developed in this work can be further applied to model the textural changes of vegetables during other thermal processes, such as drying, blanching, and frying.

  • 14.
    Ahrné, Lilia
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Gonzalez-Martinez, G
    Sjoholm, I
    Nilsson, Katarina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Improvement of texture by modifying processing conditions2003In: Acta Horticulturae, ISSN 0567-7572, Vol. 604, p. 277-283Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fruit and vegetable processors, faced with the challenge of gaining and maintaining a healthy position in the competitive fruit and vegetable sector, are optimising traditional processes towards product quality. Using frozen potatoes as a case study, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of improving the texture of potatoes by modifying the processing conditions. The texture of processed frozen potatoes is the result of the integral effect of the unit operations applied through the production chain. Production of frozen potatoes includes a blanching, a freezing, thawing/cooking step before being served. In this study, blanching temperatures from 70 to 97 °C up to 10 minutes were tested and combined with freezing by two freezing methods, impingement and air-blast freezing. The texture was measured after cooking of frozen potatoes in boiling water. Besides texture, water holding capacity, microstructural evaluation and pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity were determined. Blanching of potatoes prior to freezing can both improve water holding capacity and texture of potatoes, but this effect depends on the freezing rate and blanching temperature. Potatoes frozen with fastest freezing method are firmer and hold more water than the ones frozen by air-blast freezing. Blanching at 70 °C can lead to potatoes that after cooking retain a firmer texture, compared with blanching at 90 °C. The duration of the blanching treatment has also an important effect on texture changes. The studies of PME activity showed a good correlation between texture and PME for blanching at 90 °C, but for blanching at 70°C and longer times, the development of texture does not seem to be solely related to PME activity. Microstructural studies showed that the differences in texture are due to differences in the degree of starch gelatinisation and integrity of the cellular structure.

  • 15.
    Ahrné, Lilia
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Gonzalez-Martinez, G.
    Sjoholm, I.
    Nilsson, Katarina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Improvement of texture by modifying processing conditions2003In: Acta Horticulturae, ISSN 0567-7572, Vol. 604, p. 277-283Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Fruit and vegetable processors, faced with the challenge of gaining and maintaining a healthy position in the competitive fruit and vegetable sector, are optimising traditional processes towards product quality. Using frozen potatoes as a case study, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of improving the texture of potatoes by modifying the processing conditions. The texture of processed frozen potatoes is the result of the integral effect of the unit operations applied through the production chain. Production of frozen potatoes includes a blanching, a freezing, thawing/cooking step before being served. In this study, blanching temperatures from 70 to 97 °C up to 10 minutes were tested and combined with freezing by two freezing methods, impingement and air-blast freezing. The texture was measured after cooking of frozen potatoes in boiling water. Besides texture, water holding capacity, microstructural evaluation and pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity were determined. Blanching of potatoes prior to freezing can both improve water holding capacity and texture of potatoes, but this effect depends on the freezing rate and blanching temperature. Potatoes frozen with fastest freezing method are firmer and hold more water than the ones frozen by air-blast freezing. Blanching at 70 °C can lead to potatoes that after cooking retain a firmer texture, compared with blanching at 90 °C. The duration of the blanching treatment has also an important effect on texture changes. The studies of PME activity showed a good correlation between texture and PME for blanching at 90 °C, but for blanching at 70°C and longer times, the development of texture does not seem to be solely related to PME activity. Microstructural studies showed that the differences in texture are due to differences in the degree of starch gelatinisation and integrity of the cellular structure.

  • 16.
    Ahrné, Lilia
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Pereira, N.R.
    Staack, N.
    Floberg, P.
    Microwave convective drying of plant foods at constant and variable microwave power2007In: Drying Technology, ISSN 0737-3937, E-ISSN 1532-2300, Vol. 25, no 42193, p. 1149-1153Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Microwave convective drying of plant foods is a promising process due to the shorter drying time and better product quality. High microwave power decreases the drying time but causes charring of the product. In this work, microwave drying under constant and variable microwave power were compared. Temperature-sensitive products, such as plant foods, are especially affected by microwave power during the final drying period. Therefore, drying at variable microwave power was found to be a more suitable drying process. Air (temperature and velocity) has an important role during microwave drying, not only as carrier of evaporated moisture but also as it contributes to a more homogeneous and faster drying.

  • 17.
    Ahrné, Lilia
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Prothon, F.
    Funebo, Tomas
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Comparison of drying kinetics and texture effects of two calcium pretreatments before microwave-assisted dehydration of apple and potato2003In: International journal of food science & technology, ISSN 0950-5423, E-ISSN 1365-2621, Vol. 38, no 4, p. 411-420Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects on drying rate and texture of treating two plant tissues with calcium, before drying in air with microwave assistance, were studied in this work. The two tissues, potato and apple cubes, which have different structures and composition, were pretreated by immersion in CaCl2 solutions at 20 or at 70 °C before microwave-assisted air dehydration at 50, 60 and 70 °C. The pretreatments with calcium influenced the strength of the plant tissue cell wall, producing products of varying hardness after rehydration. The effect of the two calcium pretreatments was quite different for apples and potatoes. For apples, calcium pretreatment at 20 °C increased the hardness of rehydrated apples compared with untreated apples, but calcium pretreatment at 70 °C had no effect on texture. For potatoes, both calcium pretreatments at 20 and at 70 °C significantly increased the hardness of rehydrated potatoes. The water diffusivity during drying varied mainly because of the type of plant tissue, with secondary effects caused by the drying temperature and the type of calcium pretreatment.

  • 18.
    Albinsson, B
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Wendin, K
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Åström, A
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Handbok i sensorisk analys2013Report (Refereed)
  • 19.
    Albinsson, B
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Wendin, K
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Åström, A
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Sensoriska tillämpningar inom industrin2010Report (Other academic)
  • 20.
    Ali, Liaqat
    et al.
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Alsanius, Beatrix W.
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Rosberg, Anna Karin
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Svensson, Birgitta
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Nielsen, Tim
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Olsson, Marie E.
    SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Effects of nutrition strategy on the levels of nutrients and bioactive compounds in blackberries2012In: European Food Research and Technology, ISSN 1438-2377, E-ISSN 1438-2385, Vol. 234, no 1, p. 33-44Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The effects of nutrition strategy on levels of nutrients and bioactive compounds in fruit and leaves of blackberries were studied in greenhouse-grown blackberry plants fertilised with combinations of two levels (low, high) of nitrogen (60 and 100 kg ha -1, respectively) and potassium (66.4 and 104 kg ha -1, respectively). Plant concentrations of organic phytochemicals were quantitatively analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. High amounts of both fertilisers produced high amounts of all nutrients and bioactive compounds analysed in fruit except total acidity and ellagic acid. There were major differences in compounds affecting taste in fruit, e. g., sugars (fructose and glucose), total soluble solids and pH, and also in anthocyanin content. The concentrations of secondary metabolites, vitamin C and ellagic acid in fruit also varied significantly between treatments, although the differences were smaller. Storage of blackberries showed variable effects in the different levels of compounds, and the changes found were small. Nutrient regime did not affect blackberry leaves to the same extent, and only minor changes were found. The findings show that by optimising plant nutrition, phytonutrient levels can be maximised and maintained in fresh and stored berry crops, especially those grown in greenhouses, where conditions can easily be regulated. 

  • 21.
    Almeida, Cheila
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Vaz, S.
    Cabral, H.
    Ziegler, Friederike
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Erratum: Environmental assessment of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) purse seine fishery in Portugal with LCA methodology including biological impact categories (The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment DOI: 10.1007/s11367-013-0646-5)2014In: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, ISSN 0948-3349, E-ISSN 1614-7502, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 471-472Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 22.
    Almeida, Cheila
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik. Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
    Vaz, Sofia
    Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
    Cabral, Henrique
    Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
    Ziegler, Friederike
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Environmental assessment of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) purse seine fishery in Portugal with LCA methodology including biological impact categories2014In: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, ISSN 0948-3349, E-ISSN 1614-7502, Vol. 19, no 2, p. 297-306Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Purpose: The purse seine fishery for sardine is the most important fishery in Portugal. The aim of the present study is to assess the environmental impacts of sardine fished by the Portuguese fleet and to analyse a number of variables such as vessel size and time scale. An additional goal was to incorporate fishery-specific impact categories in the case study. Methods: Life Cycle Assessment methodology was applied, and data were collected from nine vessels, which represented around 10 % of the landings. Vessels were divided into two length categories, above and below 12 m, and data were obtained for the years 2005 to 2010. The study was limited to the fishing phase only. The standard impact categories included were energy use, global warming potential, eutrophication potential, acidification potential and ozone depletion potential. The fishery-specific impact categories were overfishing, overfishedness, lost potential yield, mean trophic level and the primary production required, and were quantified as much as possible. Results and discussion: The landings from the data set were constituted mainly by sardine (91 %), and the remainders were other small pelagic species (e.g. horse mackerel). The most important input was the fuel, and both vessel categories had the same fuel consumption per catch 0.11 l/kg. Average greenhouse gas emissions (carbon footprint) were 0.36 kg CO2 eq. per kilo sardine landed. The fuel use varied between years, and variability between months can be even higher. Fishing mortality has increased, and the spawning stock biomass has decreased resulting in consequential overfishing for 2010. A correlation between fuel use and stock biomass was not found, and the stock condition does not seem to directly influence the global warming potential in this fishery. Discards were primarily non-target small pelagic species, and there was also mortality of target species resulting from slipping. The seafloor impact was considered to be insignificant due to the fishing method. Conclusions: The assessment of the Portuguese purse seine fishery resulted in no difference regarding fuel use between large and small vessels, but differences were found between years. The stock has declined, and it has produced below maximum sustainable yield. By-catch and discard data were missing but may be substantial. Even being difficult to quantify, fishery impact categories complement the environmental results with biological information and precaution is need in relation to the stock management. The sardine carbon footprint from Portuguese purse seine was lower than that of other commercial species reported in.

  • 23.
    Alminger Larsson, Marie
    et al.
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Eklund-Jonsson, Charlotte
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Kidman, Siw
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Langton, Maud
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik. SLU Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden.
    Starch Microstructure and Starch Hydrolysis in Barley and Oat Tempe during in Vitro Digestion2012In: Food Digestion, ISSN 1869-1978, E-ISSN 1869-1986, Vol. 3, no 42007, p. 53-62Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Various botanical and structural characteristics of starchy foods are considered to modify the rate of starch digestion and the glycaemic responses in humans. The main objective of the study was to examine the impact of fermented barley and oat microstructure on the rate of in vitro starch hydrolysis. A dynamic gastrointestinal model was used to estimate the degree of starch hydrolysis during in vitro digestion of fermented whole grain cereal meals. Light microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to study the microstructural changes. In parallel to the in vitro studies, the impact of fermented barley and oats on postprandial plasma glucose responses was evaluated in a human study. Micrographs were taken during in vitro digestion experiments with fermented whole grains and compared with micrographs of boiled barley (undigested). Images showed that most of the oat starch granules were degraded after 120 min of digestion, whereas barley starch granules were less degraded, even after 180 min of digestion. The findings were confirmed by faster starch hydrolysis from the fermented oat meal, measured as maltose generated during in vitro digestion. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from the plotted maltose curves of the meals. AUC for barley tempe (266 ± 33) was 40 % of the AUC for oat tempe (663 ± 8) and significantly different (p < 0.007) from AUC oat tempe. The in vitro data closely resembled the AUCs for plasma glucose from the parallel human study. In terms of glucose response, the mean AUC for barley tempe was 46 % of the AUC for oat tempe in the human study. The agreement between the in vitro and in vivo data indicates the potential of the in vitro method as a tool to predict the rate of starch degradation of cereal products.

  • 24.
    Altskär, Annika
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Andersson, R.
    Boldizar, A.
    Koch, K.
    Stading, Mats
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Rigdahl, M.
    Some effects of processing on the molecular structure and morphology of thermoplastic starch2008In: Carbohydrate Polymers, ISSN 0144-8617, E-ISSN 1879-1344, Vol. 71, no 4, p. 591-597Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Hydroxypropylated and oxidised potato starch (HONPS) was used together with glycerol and water to produce thermoplastic starch. The amount of glycerol was kept constant at 22 parts by weight per 100 parts of dry starch. The thermoplastic starch was converted into films/sheets using three different processing techniques; casting, compression moulding and film blowing. The last two methods represent typical thermoplastic conversion techniques requiring elevated processing temperatures. By means of size-exclusion chromatography, it was found that compression moulding and film blowing led to some degradation of high-molecular weight amylopectin as well as of high-molecular weight amylose-like molecules. The degradation was significantly less pronounced for the cast films. The morphology of the specimens was quite complex and phase separations on different levels were identified. In the cast films and, to a lesser extent, in the compression-moulded specimens, a fine network structure could be distinguished. Such a structure could however not be ascertained in the film-blown material and this is discussed in terms of the thermo-mechanical treatment of the starch materials. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 25.
    Andersson, A
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Bacillus cereus : adhesion ability to biological and non-biological surfaces, enterotoxins, characterization1998Report (Refereed)
  • 26.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Granum, P.E.
    Rönner, Ulf
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    The adhesion of Bacillus cereus spores to epithelial cells might be an additional virulence mechanism1998In: International Journal of Food Microbiology, ISSN 0168-1605, E-ISSN 1879-3460, Vol. 39, no 42006, p. 93-99Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Four out of ten Bacillus cereus strains produced spores able to adhere to monolayers of Caco-2 cells (human epithelial cells). One of these strains has been involved in an outbreak of food poisoning where the symptoms were more severe and persisted for longer than a normal B. cereus food poisoning. The hydrophobicity of the spores is a contributing factor for the adhesion to occur. The spores are able to germinate in an environment similar to that of the small intestine and then the vegetative cells can produce the enterotoxin directly at the target place. A concentrated and active form of the enterotoxin will be taken up by the epithelial cells in the small intestine. Spore adhesion could be an important virulence factor for some B. cereus strains.

  • 27.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Granum, Per Einar
    Rönner, Ulf
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Adhesion of Bacillus cereus spores to epithelial cells might be an additional virulence mechanism1998In: International Joural of food microbiology, ISSN 0346-718X, Vol. 39, no 1-2, p. 93-9Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Four out of ten Bacillus cereus strains produced spores able to adhere to monolayers of Caco-2 cells (human epithelial cells). One of these strains has been involved in an outbreak of food poisoning where the symptoms were more severe and persisted for longer than a normal B. cereus food poisoning. The hydrophobicity of the spores is a contributing factor for the adhesion to occur. The spores are able to germinate in an environment similar to that of the small intestine and then the vegetative cells can produce the enterotoxin directly at the target place. A concentrated and active form of the enterotoxin will be taken up by the epithelial cells in the small intestine. Spore adhesion could be an important virulence factor for some B. cereus strains.

  • 28.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Rönner, Ulf
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Adhesion and removal of dormant, heat-activated, and germinated spores of three strains of Bacillus cereus1998In: Biofouling (Print), ISSN 0892-7014, E-ISSN 1029-2454, Vol. 13, no 1, p. 51-67Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    As the spores of Bacillus cereus are known to be very adhesive, the cleaning processes used to eliminate them are often inefficient. This study investigated how adhesion and removal of spores varied among strains of the species B. cereus. The adhesion and removal of spores during their life cycle were also examined. Spores of three different strains of B. cereus, viz. NVH 61, 1AM 1110 and NCTC 2599, were used. IAM 1110 spores adhered in greater numbers than spores of the other two strains and were the most hydrophobic; four times as many spores of this strain adhered than of the least adhesive spores, NCTC 2599. Spores of both these strains have an exosporium and appendages, but as the relative hydrophobicity varies, there are probably differences in their chemical composition. It was also found that dormant spores were 33-48% more adhesive than germinated spores. There were no obvious differences in adhesion between dormant and heat-activated spores. Up to 80% of the germinated spores could be removed from the surfaces tested. Dormant and heat-activated spores on the other hand were difficult to remove from the surfaces. When siliconized glass surfaces were coated with milk, germinated spores were still the easiest to remove but the difference was not as marked as before. Therefore, this work suggests that cleaning processes should take into consideration factors that boost spore germination in order to improve the cleaning.

  • 29.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Rönner, Ulf
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Granum, Per Einar
    What problems does the food industry have with the spore-forming pathogens Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens?1995In: International Journal of Food Microbiology, ISSN 0346-718X, Vol. 28, no 2, p. 14-55Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Spore-forming Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens bacteria are special problems for the dairy and meat industry, respectively. Proper cleaning and disinfection with hypochlorite is essential to avoid high numbers of these bacteria in food products. It is impossible for B. cereus and C. perfringens to cause food poisoning with cooking and rapid cooling, and proper reheating. It is also important to note that the generation time for C. perfringens can be as short as 8 min under optimal conditions, so temperatures between 10 and 47 °C in any meat product must be restricted. B. cereus food poisoning through milk and milk products can be avoided with a low number of spores in the products and proper cooling.

  • 30.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Svensson, B.
    Christiansson, A.
    Rönner, Ulf
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Comparison between automatic ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Bacillus cereus isolates from the dairy industry1999In: International Journal of Food Microbiology, ISSN 0168-1605, E-ISSN 1879-3460, Vol. 47, no 42006, p. 147-151Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Discrimination by automatic ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR, RAPD, was compared for 40 different B. cereus dairy isolates, 4 different B. mycoides isolates and 6 culture collection strains. RAPD-PCR has previously shown to be useful for tracing contamination routes of B. cereus to milk. Automatic ribotyping using EcoRI and PvuII separated the B. cereus and B. mycoides isolates/strains into 36 different ribotypes. RAPD-typing with primers generated 40 different RAPD-profiles. However, 17 isolates clustered into eight groups, irrespective of the primer and restriction enzyme used, and in all but one case, the isolates with the same pattern were isolated from the same dairy. Automatic ribotyping proved to be a useful, standardized and quick method to discriminate between B. cereus strains, only slightly less discriminatory than RAPD-typing.

  • 31.
    Andersson, Annika
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Svensson, Birgitta
    Christiansson, Anders
    Rönner, Ulf
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Comparison between automatic ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis of Bacillus cereus isolates from the dairy industry1998In: International journal of food microbiology, ISSN 0346-718X, Vol. 47, no 1-2, p. 147-51Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Discrimination by automatic ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR, RAPD, was compared for 40 different B. cereus dairy isolates, 4 different B. mycoides isolates and 6 culture collection strains. RAPD-PCR has previously shown to be useful for tracing contamination routes of B. cereus to milk. Automatic ribotyping using EcoRI and PvuII separated the B. cereus and B. mycoides isolates/strains into 36 different ribotypes. RAPD-typing with primer 1 (5?-CCGAGTCCA-3?) and primer 2 (5?-CCGGCGGCG-3?) generated 40 different RAPD-profiles. However, 17 isolates clustered into 8 groups, irrespective of the primer and restriction enzyme used and in all but one case, the isolates with the same pattern were isolated from the same dairy. To conclude RAPD-typing was only slightly more discriminatory than automatic ribotyping and therefore automatic ribotyping proved to be a useful, standardized and quick method to discriminate between B. cereus strains. As the two methods are based on completely different genetic properties, one of the methods can be used to confirm the results from the other method, when identity among isolates needs to be verified.

  • 32. Andersson, H.
    et al.
    Öhgren, Camilla
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Johansson, Daniel
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Kniola, Magda
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Stading, Mats
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Extensional flow, viscoelasticity and baking performance of gluten-free zein-starch doughs supplemented with hydrocolloids2011In: Food Hydrocolloids, ISSN 0268-005X, E-ISSN 1873-7137, Vol. 25, no 6, p. 1587-1595Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Viscoelastic doughs of zein and starch were prepared at 40 °C, above the glass transition temperature of zein. The effects of hydrocolloid supplementation with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or oat bran with a high content of ?-glucan (28%) were investigated by dynamic measurements in shear, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and Hyperbolic Contraction Flow. Zein-starch dough without hydrocolloids exhibited rapid age-related stiffening, believed to be caused by cross-links between peptide chains. A prolonged softness was attributed to doughs containing hydrocolloids, with the oat bran exhibiting the most pronounced reduction in age-related stiffening. Moreover, CLSM-images of dough microstructure revealed that a finer fibre network may be formed by increased shearing through an addition of viscosity-increasing hydrocolloids, a reduction in water content in the dough or the use of appropriate mixing equipment. The Hyperbolic Contraction Flow measurements showed that doughs containing hydrocolloids had high extensional viscosities and strain hardening, suggesting appropriate rheological properties for bread making. Zein-starch dough without hydrocolloids showed poor bread making performance while hydrocolloid additions significantly improved bread volume and height. Although the hydrocolloid supplemented doughs had similar extensional rheological properties and microstructures, a fine crumb structure was attributed only to bread containing HPMC, marking the importance of surface active components in the liquid-gas interface of dough bubble walls. Zein could not mimic the properties of gluten on its own, but hydrocolloids did positively affect the structural and rheological properties of zein, which yielded dough similar to wheat dough and bread with increased volume. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

  • 33.
    Andersson, Helene
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Hjartstam, Johan
    AstraZeneca, Sweden.
    Stading, Mats
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik. Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Von Corswant, Christian
    AstraZeneca, Sweden.
    Larsson, Anette
    Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden.
    Effects of molecular weight on permeability and microstructure of mixed ethyl-hydroxypropyl-cellulose films2013In: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ISSN 0928-0987, E-ISSN 1879-0720, Vol. 48, no 42006, p. 240-248Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Films of ethyl cellulose (EC) and water-soluble hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) can be used for extended release coatings in oral formulations. The permeability and microstructure of free EC/HPC films with 30% w/w HPC were studied to investigate effects of EC molecular weight. Phase separation during film spraying and subsequent HPC leaching after immersion in aqueous media cause pore formation in such films. It was found that sprayed films were porous throughout the bulk of the films after water immersion. The molecular weight affected HPC leaching, pore morphology and film permeability; increasing the molecular weight resulted in decreasing permeability. A model to distinguish the major factors contributing to diffusion retardation in porous films showed that the trend in permeability was determined predominantly by factors associated with the geometry and arrangement of pores, independent of the diffusing species. The film with the highest molecular weight did, however, show an additional contribution from pore wall/permeant interactions. In addition, rapid drying and increasing molecular weight resulted in smaller pores, which suggest that phase separation kinetics affects the final microstructure of EC/HPC films. Thus, the molecular weight influences the microstructural features of pores, which are crucial for mass transport in EC/HPC films.

  • 34.
    Andersson, K
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Influence of reduced oxygen concentrations on lipid oxidation in food during storage1998Report (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Andersson, K
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Life cycle assessment (LCA) of food products and production systems1998Report (Refereed)
  • 36.
    Andersson, K
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Livscykelanalys av livsmedelsprodukter och produktionssystem1999Report (Refereed)
  • 37.
    Andersson, Karin
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    LCA of food products and production systems.2000In: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Vol. 5, no 4, p. 239-248Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 38.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Eide, Merete Høgaas
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Lundqvist, U.
    Mattsson, Berit
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    The feasibility of including sustainability in LCA for product development1998In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 6, no 42067, p. 289-298Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The feasibility of combining the concept of sustainability principles and the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is examined. The goal is to achieve an operational tool that incorporates sustainability in product development and strategic planning. While the method outlined has the structure of LCA, it emphasises aspects and parameters often omitted from traditional LCA. The analysis and results can be either qualitative or semi-quantitative. Although a qualitative analysis is less time consuming, it can still highlight the important issues. Qualitative information, which is easily lost in a quantitative analysis, can be emphasised. One of the conclusions is that the method is well suited for screening analysis. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 39.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Eide, Merete Høgaas
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Lundqvist, Ulrika
    Mattsson, Berit
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Feasibility of including sustainability in LCA for product development1998In: Journal of cleaner production, ISSN 0346-718X, Vol. 6, no 3-4, p. 289-98Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The feasibility of combining the concept of sustainability principles and the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is examined. The goal is to achieve an operational tool that incorporates sustainability in product development and strategic planning. While the method outlined has the structure of LCA, it emphasizes aspects and parameters often omitted from traditional LCA. The analysis and results can be either qualitative or semi-quantitative. Although a qualitative analysis is less time consuming, it can still highlight the important issues. Qualitative information, which is easily lost in a quantitative analysis, can be emphasized. One of the conclusions is that the method is well suited for screening analysis.

  • 40.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Lingnert, Hans
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Influence of oxygen and copper concentration on lipid oxidation in rapeseed oil1998In: Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, ISSN 0003-021X, E-ISSN 1558-9331, Vol. 75, no 8, p. 1041-1046Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of oxygen concentration and copper on lipid oxidation in rapeseed oil during storage at 40°C was investigated. The oil was stored in air, or with 1.1%, 0.17%, or 0.04% oxygen in the headspace, and 70 or 0.07 ppm copper was added. Volatile oxidation products and oxygen consumption were monitored. Addition of 70 ppm copper to the sample in air resulted in a 70-fold higher hexanal concentration after 35 d of storage, compared to the sample without added copper. The addition of 0.07 ppm copper to the sample stored in air gave a doubled hexanal concentration, compared to the sample without copper, after 35 d of storage. For the samples with 70 ppm copper at 0.17% and 0.04% oxygen, all oxygen was consumed after 7 d of storage. The results show the importance of minimizing the oxygen available for oxidation, especially when pro-oxidants are present. In the sample with 70 ppm added copper, in air, the hexanal increase was 65 times larger than for the same sample in 0.04% oxygen. A comparison of the effect of oxygen or copper on oxidation shows that the addition of 70 ppm copper to the 0.04% oxygen sample gave the same increase in hexanal content as an oxygen increase to 0.17%.

  • 41.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Lingnert, Hans
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Influence of oxygen concentration and light on the oxidative stability of cream powder1998In: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, ISSN 0023-6438, E-ISSN 1096-1127, Vol. 31, no 2, p. 169-176Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The production of volatile oxidation products and consumption of oxygen were measured in cream powder stored for 35 weeks at 30 °C in darkness or exposed to fluorescent light. The headspace of the bottles contained either air (209 mL O 2/L) or 13, 3.5, 0.4 or 0.3 mL/L oxygen in nitrogen. The exposure to light strongly influenced both the rate of hexanal production and oxygen consumption. After the first 5 weeks of storage in light, significantly different oxygen-dependent increases in hexanal were found for all samples. Although the samples stored in darkness showed a much smaller hexanal increase, it was still significant during storage. After 35 weeks of storage, the dark-stored sample in air showed a highly significant larger hexanal increase than all the other samples stored in darkness, but after the same storage period, the hexanal increase in the 13, 3.6 and 0.4 mL O 2/L samples was the same. The production of the Strecker aldehyde, 3-methylbutanal, was found to depend on light and to some extent on oxygen concentration, which indicates that lipid oxidation also influenced the conditions of the Maillard reaction. © 1998 Academic Press Limited.

  • 42.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Lingnert, Hans
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Influence of oxygen concentration on the flavour and chemical stability of cream powder1998In: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, ISSN 0023-6438, E-ISSN 1096-1127, Vol. 31, no 3, p. 245-251Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Descriptive sensory analysis and analysis of hexanal content were performed on cream powder stored in darkness at different oxygen concentrations at 30 °C for up to 45 weeks. The headspace of the samples contained 209 (air), 13, 3.6, 0.4 or 0.3 m/L oxygen/L headspace gas. All samples stored with reduced oxygen content were, with one exception, significantly different from the air-packed sample after 25 as well as after 45 weeks of storage, both in their hexanal concentration and according to sensory analysis. However, there were no significant sensory differences between the samples stored with reduced oxygen for 25 or 45 weeks. Analysis of the hexanal concentration in the samples was a more sensitive method than sensory analysis for detecting differences between samples stored for the same length of time. Furthermore, some of the samples with reduced oxygen concentration were found to differ significantly in their hexanal concentration. Significant differences between samples before storage and samples stored for 25 or 45 weeks, regardless of oxygen concentration, were found by both sensory and chemical analyses. © 1998 Academic Press.

  • 43. Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    Lingnert, Hans
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Influence of oxygen concentration on the storage stability of cream powder1997In: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, ISSN 0023-6438, E-ISSN 1096-1127, Vol. 30, no 2, p. 147-154Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The influence of low oxygen concentrations on lipid oxidation during storage of cream powder was studied. The powder was packed with oxygen concentrations of 209 mL/L, 17 mL/L, 8.3 mL/L, 3.4 mL/L, 1.5 mL/L, 0.7 mL/L and 0.6 mL/L and stored in darkness at 30°C for 29 weeks. To follow oxidation, the formation of volatile oxidation products and oxygen consumption were measured. After 7 weeks of storage a significant (P <0.01) hexanal development was already seen in all the samples, and the hexanal content was directly related to the initial oxygen content, with one exception, the 0.6 mL/L sample, which had a slightly (but not significantly, P >0.05) higher hexanal content than the 0.7 mL/L sample. There were only small differences in hexanal formation between the samples packed with oxygen concentrations below 3.4 mL/L. This could be due to a more pronounced influence of oxygen diffusion at these low levels of oxygen, leading to a diffusion-controlled oxidation. Other volatiles, not produced by lipid oxidation, also increased during storage. The formation of Strecker aldehydes was found to be oxygen-dependent, whereas the formation of 2-alkanones was not. Measurement of oxygen consumption was not sufficient to detect differences in oxidation rate between the samples packed with 17 mL/L oxygen and less. © 1997 Academic Press Limited.

  • 44.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Lingnert, Hans
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Kinetic studies of oxygen dependence during initial lipid oxidation in rapeseed oil1999In: Journal of Food Science, ISSN 0022-1147, E-ISSN 1750-3841, Vol. 64, no 2, p. 262-266Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Lipid oxidation was studied in rapeseed oil, stored at 35 or 50°C in 0.03, 0.3, 1.0 or 1.8% oxygen for 42 days. Peroxide value (PV), oxygen consumption, tocopherol consumption and production of volatile compounds were analyzed to follow the oxidation. At 50°C, lipid oxidation measured as oxygen consumption or PV was only slightly influenced by oxygen concentration ?1%. Below 0.5% the influence was strongly enhanced. The production of volatiles showed different relationships to oxygen concentration and some compounds were produced in larger amounts at lower O2, than at higher O2 concentrations.

  • 45.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Ohlsson, Thomas
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Including environmental aspects in production development: A case study of tomato ketchup1999In: Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft + Technologie, ISSN 0023-6438, E-ISSN 1096-1127, Vol. 32, no 3, p. 134-141Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    An environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study of a specific tomato ketchup was carried out. The objectives of the work were to illustrate how LCA can be used in production development; to investigate the influence of the geographical location of certain processes; and to find ways to improve the product's environmental performance. In the screening LCA which includes the whole life cycle, the packaging and processing sub-systems were found to be significant in the total environmental impact made by ketchup. Accordingly, six alternative systems, including packaging, processing and transportation, were modelled and simulated. The environmental impact categories included were energy use, global warming, acidification, eutrophication, photo-oxidant formation and the generation of radioactive waste. It was concluded that the current geographical location of the production of ketchup is preferable; the contributions to acidification can be reduced significantly; and the environmental profile of the product can be improved for either the type of tomato paste currently used or a less concentrated tomato paste. A shift to a less concentrated paste would also mean that traditional quality parameters of the ketchup could be improved. © 1999 Academic Press.

  • 46.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Ohlsson, Thomas
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Life cycle assessment of bread produced on different scales1999In: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, ISSN 0948-3349, E-ISSN 1614-7502, Vol. 4, no 1, p. 25-40Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A case study of white bread has been carried out with the purpose of comparing different scales of production and their potential environmental effects. The scales compared are: home baking, a local bakery and two industrial bakeries with distribution areas of different sizes. Data from the three bakeries and their suppliers have been collected. The systems investigated include agricultural production, milling, baking, packaging, transportation, consumption and waste management. Energy use and emissions have been quantified and the potential contributions to global warming, acidification, eutrophication and photo-oxidant formation have been assessed. The large industrial bakery uses more primary energy and contributes more to global warming, acidification and eutrophication than the other three systems. The home baking system shows a relatively high energy requirement; otherwise, the differences between home baking, the local bakery and the small industrial bakery are too small to be significant.

  • 47.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Ohlsson, Thomas
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Life cycle assessment of bread produced on different scales1999In: Internaional journal of life cycle assessment, ISSN 0346-718X, Vol. 4, no 1, p. 25-40Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A case study of white bread has been carried out with the purpose to compare different scales of production and their potential environmental effects. The scales compared are: home baking, a local bakery and two industrial bakeries with distribution areas of different sizes. Data from the three bakeries and their suppliers have been collected. The systems investigated include agricultural production, milling, baking, packaging, transportation, consumption and waste management. Energy use and emissions have been quantified and the potential contributions to global warming, acidification, eutrophication and photo-oxidant formation have been assessed. The large industrial bakery uses more primary energy and contributes more to global warming, acidification and eutrophication than the other three systems. The home baking system shows a relatively high energy requirement; otherwise, the differences between home baking, the local bakery and the small industrial bakery are too small to be significant.

  • 48.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Ohlsson, Thomas
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Olsson, P.
    Screening life cycle assessment (LCA) of tomato ketchup: A case study1998In: Journal of Cleaner Production, ISSN 0959-6526, E-ISSN 1879-1786, Vol. 6, no 42067, p. 277-288Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A screening life cycle assessment (LCA) of tomato ketchup has been carried out. The purpose was to identify 'hot-spots', that is parts of the life-cycle that are important to the total environmental impact. The system investigated includes agricultural production, industrial refining, packaging, transportation, consumption and waste management. Energy use and emissions were quantified and some of the potential environmental effects assessed. Packaging and food processing were found to be hot-spots for many, but not all, of the impact categories investigated. For primary energy use, the storage time in a refrigerator (household phase) was found to be a critical parameter. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • 49.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Ohlsson, Thomas
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Olsson, Par
    Life cycle assessment (LCA) of food products and production systems1994In: Trends in Food Science and Technology, ISSN 0346-718X, Vol. 5, no 5, p. 134-138Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    In the late 1980s the demands for a more ecological life style and sustainability set off intense research for methods to analyze and assess the environmental impact of products and systems. The methodology crystallizing from this research is called life cycle assessment (LCA). This paper presents the concept, methodology, applications and present status of LCA. LCA as applied to food production systems is discussed in terms of needs, special demands on methodology, the studies that have been performed and ongoing activities.

  • 50.
    Andersson, Karin
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Ohlsson, Thomas
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SIK – Institutet för livsmedel och bioteknik.
    Olsson, Par
    Screening Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of tomato ketchup: A case study1998In: Journal of cleaner production, ISSN 0346-718X, Vol. 6, no 3-4, p. 277-88Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    A Screening Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of tomato ketchup has been carried out. The purpose was to identify `hot-spots', that is parts of the life-cycle that are important to the total environmental impact. The system investigated includes agricultural production, industrial refining, packaging, transportation, consumption and waste management. Energy use and emissions were quantified and some of the potential environmental effects assessed. Packaging and food processing were found to be hot-spots for many, but not all, of the impact categories investigated. For primary energy use, the storage time in a refrigerator (household phase) was found to be a critical parameter.

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