Change search
Refine search result
12 1 - 50 of 63
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf
Rows per page
  • 5
  • 10
  • 20
  • 50
  • 100
  • 250
Sort
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
  • Standard (Relevance)
  • Author A-Ö
  • Author Ö-A
  • Title A-Ö
  • Title Ö-A
  • Publication type A-Ö
  • Publication type Ö-A
  • Issued (Oldest first)
  • Issued (Newest first)
  • Created (Oldest first)
  • Created (Newest first)
  • Last updated (Oldest first)
  • Last updated (Newest first)
  • Disputation date (earliest first)
  • Disputation date (latest first)
Select
The maximal number of hits you can export is 250. When you want to export more records please use the Create feeds function.
  • 1.
    Baker, Greg
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Utstrand, John
    COWI AS, Denmark.
    Winberg, David
    Sweco AB, Sweden.
    Jönsson, Axel
    Brandskyddslaget AB, Sweden.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Poulsen, Annemarie
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Brandon, Daniel
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Probabilistic Fire Risk Analysis in the Nordic Region2016In: SFPE 11th Conference On Performance-Based Codes and Fire Safety Design Methods / [ed] P. Tofilo, 2016, p. 137-148Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 2.
    Brandt, Are W
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Opstad, Kristen
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Wighus, Ragnar
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Documentation of active fire fighting systems as a fire safety design parameter: Tests with different deluge nozzels in 3 m diameter ring2012Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This study is a part of the project named Documentation of active fire fighting systems as a fire safety design parameter. This report submits the experimental results from the medium scale experiments. The experimental data are presented in a form of a data report.

    The test series focuses on the interaction between the deluge water and flames. It is carried out in an 8 m high test rig and is denoted the medium scale series. A total amount of 54 tests were carried out with different nozzels, fire size, water pressure, ventilation, extinguishing media and nozzle elevation. Five different nozzels in flames forming 5MW to 8MW gas fires are tested. Air-to-fuel rates are also varied.

    The results are measured in terms of reduction of heat production, measured by a large industry calorimeter constructed as a part of the test rig. Changes in radiative and total heat load to the rig walls and gas temperatures are included in the measurements.

    The efficiency of increasing water aplication rate is strongly dependent on the nozzle characteristics and the dependency on water application rate is most dominant when dealing with fuel rich fires. Possible factors for the resulting reduction of heat release rate include droplet size, application pressure, volume fraction of water in the exhaust gas. nozzle footprint and nozzle elevation.

    This report replaces report no STF22 F99 of 2000-01-10. The only difference is that the current report is unrestricted.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 3.
    Daaland Wormdahl, Espen
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Sesseng, Christian
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Development of a fire test method for documentation of fire resistance capabilities when fire exposure from above the structure represents a hazard2013In: Conference Proceedings Interflam 2013, Interscience Communications, 2013, p. 373-382Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 4.
    Daaland Wormdahl, Espen
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Stolen, Reidar
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    ISO 20088-1 en iskald standard for testing av isolasjonsmaterialer2016In: Brandposten, no 55, p. 7-7Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 5.
    Dederichs, Anne
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Baker, Greg
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Fire safety in wind turbines2016In: Book of Abstracts Nordic Fire & Safety Days 2016, 2016, p. 10-Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 6.
    Eidissen Jensen, Ulla
    et al.
    NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. Stord/Haugesund University College, Norway.
    Fjellgaard Mikalsen, Ragni
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Development of smouldering combustion in loose-fill wood fibre building insulation2016In: Book of Abstracts Nordic Fire & Safety Days 2016, 2016, p. 7-7Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 7.
    Fjellgaard Mikalsen, Ragni
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Haraldseid, Ingunn
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Villacorta, Edmundo
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Hagen, Bjarne C.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Frette, Vidar
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Emerging Risks from Smoldering Fires2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 8.
    Fufa, Selamawit Mamo
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Jelle, Bjørn Petter
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Hovde, Per Jostein
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Reaction to fire and water vapour resistance performance of treated wood specimens containing TiO2 and clay nanoparticles.2013In: Fire and Materials, ISSN 0308-0501, E-ISSN 1099-1018, Vol. 38, no 7, p. 717-724Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 9.
    Försth, Michael
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Post, Johan
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Sundström, Björn
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Johansson, Patrik
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Strömgren, Michael
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Storesund, Karolina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    STATUS SUMMARY OF CABLE REACTION TO FIRE REGULATIONS IN EUROPE2013In: Proceedings of the 62nd IWCS Conference, International Wire & Cable Symposium, 2013Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 10. Hakkarainen, Tuula
    et al.
    Messerschmidt, Birgitte
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Thureson, Per
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut / Brandteknik, material (BRm).
    Comparison of the present Nordic classification system for surface linings and floor coverings with the EU euroclasses for surface linings and floor coverings. Nordtest project 1349-97.1998Report (Refereed)
    Download full text (pdf)
    FULLTEXT01
  • 11.
    Heskestad, Atle William
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Landrø, Harald
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Experiences on introducing functional fire safety requirements in the building regulations of Norway.2010In: Conference Proceedings 8th International Conference on Performance-Based Codes and Fire Safety Design Methods, 2010Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 12.
    Hox, Kristian
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Fullskala branntest av massivtre brukt i studentboliger2015In: Brandposten, no 53, p. 20-21Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 13.
    Hox, Kristian
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Ny testfasilitet for branntesting2015In: Brandposten, no 53, p. 15-Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 14.
    Hox, Kristian
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Baker, Greg
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Full-scale fire test of CLT structure for student housing2016In: Interflam 2016: Conference Proceedings, Interscience Communications, 2016, p. 1087-1094Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 15.
    Ioannou, Ioanna
    et al.
    University College London, UK.
    Aspinall, Willy
    University College London, UK.
    Bouffier, Christian
    INERIS, France.
    Carreira, Elisabete
    INOV, Portugal.
    Honfi, Daniel
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Bygg och Mekanik, Strukturer och Komponenter.
    Lange, David
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research, Brandmotstånd.
    Melkunaite, Laura
    DBI, Denmark.
    Reitan, Nina Kristine
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Rosetto, Tiziana
    University College London, UK.
    Storesund, Karolina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Teixeira, Rui
    DAS Divisão de Águas e Saneamento, Portugal.
    IMPROVER D2.1 Methodology for identifying hazard scenarios to assess  the resilience of critical infrastructure2015Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    Critical infrastructure is exposed to a wide range of hazards, capable to disrupt its operations in various degrees. This raises the question of which hazard scenario an operator shall use to assess the resilience of their critical infrastructure asset. Various techniques aiming to prioritize the various risks are commonly used in the literature. This study proposed an 8-step methodology, which aims to rank the risks of pre-defined hazard scenarios by eliciting the opinions of the stakeholders through a structured expert elicitation technique termed paired comparison. The novelty of the proposed technique is its ability to quantify the degree of disagreement regarding the ranking order of the scenarios and thus to capture the uncertainty associated with these risks.

     

    The proposed methodology has been applied to four living labs, namely: the Oresund region, the port of Oslo, the A31 Highway in France and the potable water network in Barreiro. The applications aims to rank scenarios of natural and operational hazards according to their disaster- and emergency-risk. Despite the small number of participants, the results provide an excellent basis for further discussion regarding the most likely disaster or emergency risk scenarios. For most living labs, the ranking of the hazards using paired comparison was successful in identifying the scenarios associated with the highest risk. Overall, ranking the natural hazards according to their disaster- or emergency-risk has been associated with a higher degree of consensus than the ranking of the operational hazards reflecting on the higher complexity and perhaps the limited understanding of the later.

     

    In more detail, snow storm is the hazard with the highest disaster risk for the A31 Highway. Similarly, earthquake is the hazard with the highest disaster risk for the water network in Barreiro. Three meteorological hazards ranked the highest for both the likelihood to occur and to cause disaster to the Øresund region. By contrast, the ranking of the hazards for the port of Oslo identified several scenarios with similar likelihood to cause disaster, which ranked very different in their likelihood to occur in the next 5 years. This raises question as to whether the most of least likely to occur scenarios is most suitable which can be answered in collaboration with the stakeholders.

     

    With regard to the operational hazards, the contamination of the water in the water source or the distribution network due to an accident at the high-risk industrial SEVECO operations has been identified as the single scenario with the highest risk of disaster for the water network in Barreiro. Three events including a multiple day strike and two accidents in the wet bulk terminal have been identified as having the highest disaster risk for the port of Oslo. By contrast, no operational hazards can be identified as having the highest risk of occurrence for the A31 highway and the Øresund region

    Download full text (pdf)
    IMPROVER D2.1
  • 16.
    Jansson McNamee, Robert
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
    Storesund, Karolina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Stolen, Reidar
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    The function of intumescent paint for steel during different fire exposures2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the present study the behaviour of four intumescent systems for steel was investigated experimentally. The main purpose of the study was to determine the behaviour of the systems during different fire scenarios including standardized furnace testing, tests in cone calorimeter and ad hoc tests including ceiling jets and fire plumes. The experimental campaign shows that two of the investigated systems did perform very poorly in the furnace tests compared to what they were designed for, despite being the systems having the best swelling in the cone calorimeter tests. This highlights the importance of adhesion at high temperature for this type of systems. Since adhesion is crucial a more relevant evaluation for this type of systems ought to be a test where the flows around the specimen can be characterized and controlled, i.e. a ceiling jet or a fire plume scenario. This is especially important as steel protected with intumescent systems are often used in large open spaces where local fire plumes and ceiling jets are expected.Key words: intumescent paint, steel, alternative exposure

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 17.
    Jansson, Robert
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Storesund, Karolina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Stolen, Reidar
    Brandskyddsfärgers funktion vid olika brandscenarier2016In: Brandposten, no 54, p. 37-37Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 18.
    Jansson, Robert
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Storesund, Karolina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Stolen, Reidar
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Nordløkken, Per Gunnar
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Intumescent paint systems exposed to different heating scenarios2016In: Interflam 2016: Conference Proceedings, 2016, p. 225-233Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 19.
    Melkunaite, Laura
    dbi dansk brand- og sikringsteknisk institut, Denmark.
    Baker, Greg (Contributor)
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Cadete, Goncalo (Contributor)
    INOV.
    Carreira, Elisabete (Contributor)
    INOV.
    Gaspar, Carlos (Contributor)
    INOV.
    Gattinesi, Peter
    JRC, Italy.
    Guay, Fanny (Contributor)
    dbi dansk brand- og sikringsteknisk institut, Denmark.
    Honfi, Daniel (Contributor)
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Bygg och Mekanik.
    Ioannou, Ioanna (Contributor)
    University College London, UK.
    Kinscher, J (Contributor)
    INERIS, Spain.
    Lange, David (Contributor)
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research, Brandmotstånd.
    Petersen, Laura (Contributor)
    EMSC.
    Reilly, Paul (Contributor)
    University of Sheffield, UK.
    RØD, Bjarte (Contributor)
    Arctic University of Norway, Norway.
    Salmon, Romuald (Contributor)
    INERIS, Spain.
    Stevensen, Rebecca (Contributor)
    University of Sheffield, UK.
    Theocharidou, Marianthi (Contributor)
    JRC, Italy.
    Utkin, Andrei (Contributor)
    INOV.
    IMPROVER Deliverable 1.1 International Survey2016Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In recent years, the concept of resilience started to dominate strategic, operational as well as political domains of modern societies. Living in highly interconnected environment, where layers of infrastructures, people and economic interests interact creating both opportunities and vulnerabilities, different countries around the world turned towards resilience practices to reduce vulnerability of their critical infrastructures and societies. However, how can one implement resilience concepts without a comprehensive understanding of the concept itself? Focusing on the concept and practice of critical infrastructure resilience, this report provides a comprehensive overview of the existing scientific literature regarding the concept of resilience in general. It discusses the development of the concept of resilience and its application in societal, economic, ecological, organisational and critical infrastructure domains. The report provides an extensive discussion on the definition of resilience concepts, as well as information on scientific endeavours to implement and measure concepts of resilience.

     

    The report also contains detailed information on the definitions and implementation of the concepts of resilience in different continents, namely Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, North America and South America. Focusing on the concept of critical infrastructure resilience, it provides an overview of the existing official concepts of resilience, implementation tools, and general practices aimed at increasing organisational, societal, economic and technical resilience in different countries.

     

    To collect all the information, the IMPROVER consortium performed an extensive literature review on the use of resilience concepts. We also held a workshop with the associate partners, and conducted a set of personal interviews with critical infrastructure operators and resilience experts around the Europe. While conducting a number of case studies in different continents, we analysed existing region and state-level documents, and reports.

    Download full text (pdf)
    IMPROVER D1.1 International Survey
  • 20.
    Mostue, B.A.
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Sandvik, P.C.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Storesund, K.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Steen-Hansen, A.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Analysis of causal factors related to three different event types on the Norwegian continental shelf; hydrocarbon leaks, lifting incidents and fires in electrical installations.2013In: Safety, Reliability and Risk Analysis: Beyond the Horizon - Proceedings of the European Safety and Reliability Conference ESREL 2013, 2013, p. 163-168Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 21.
    Mårvik, Roger
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    SP Fire Research AS tilbyr testing av komfyrvakter2015In: Brandposten, no 53, p. 29-Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 22.
    Opstad Sæbø, Are
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Wighus, Ragnar
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Droplet sizes from deluge nozzles2009Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    The droplet size distributions from one high velocity nozzle (HVK44) and one medium velocitynozzle (MVK41) have been investigated by two different measurement techniques. Those arePhase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) and a photographic technique developed by Oxford Lasers.The project was initiated because earlier measurements using the PDA technique resulted insuspiciously small droplets. The present work indicates that this was partly because of the nonoptimumoptics that were chosen at that time. In this project the best optics available were chosen,resulting in measuring larger droplets than in the previous work. However, the PDA-method stillseem to give too small droplets due to a too small measurable droplet size region. The imagingtechnique is capable to measure larger droplets than the PDA-technique (using the optics appliedin this project), and hence it gives larger VMDs (Volume Median Diameters) in sprays wherelarger droplets than 1200μm are present. In the spray from the HVK44 nozzle, the largest dropletmeasured with the imaging technique was about 3700μm. The same technique gave VMDs from600 to 1300μm, while the PDA-technique gave VMDs from 550 to 750μm at different locationsin the spray pattern. In the spray from the MVK41-nozzle, the largest droplet measured with theimaging technique was about 1600μm. The same technique gave VMDs from about 200 –800μm with most of the VMDs between 300 and 600μm. The PDA-technique gave VMDs fromabout 400 to 770μm at different locations in the MVK41 spray pattern. When the large dropletswere not present, the VMDs from the two different techniques were more similar.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 23.
    Pursiainen, Christer
    et al.
    UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.
    Bjarte, Rød
    UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway.
    Baker, Greg
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Honfi, Daniel
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Lange, David
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut.
    Critical Infrastructure Resilience Index2016In: Risk, Reliability and Safety: Innovating Theory and Practice - Proceedings of the 26th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2016), 2016, p. 355-Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    In the recent years, the focus has moved from critical infrastructure protection to that of resilience. But how do we know whether a critical infrastructure is resilient or not, how can it be evaluated, measured and enhanced?

  • 24.
    Reitan, Nina K.
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Fjellgaard Mikalsen, Ragni
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Andersson, Eva
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Plast i byggevar och brannsikkerhet: Hovedprosjekt2014Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [no]

    Målet med prosjektet var å skape et grunnlag for at utvalgte byggvaerer i plast skal kunne brukes på en brannsikker måte. For å oppnå dette vurderer vi det som hensiktsmessigt å øke kunnskapsnivået om brannsikker håndtering av byggevarer i plast blant ulike aktører (brannvesen, prosjeterende, arkiteter og utførende). For å innhente ny kunnskap om riktig håndtering av byggevarer i plast, ble det gjort tester i fullskala og mindre skala av sandwichpaneler og plastplater. Dette er produkttyper som påstås utgjøre en brannrisiko, og som er utbredt i industri, nærings- og lagerbygg.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 25.
    Reitan, Nina Kristine
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Fjellgaard Mikalsen, Ragni
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Sikker brensellagring i Norge2015In: Brandposten, no 52, p. 24-25Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 26.
    Reitan, Nina Kristine
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Storesund, Karolina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Rød, Bjarte
    University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway.
    Pursiainen, Christer
    University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway.
    Mira da Silva, Miguel
    INOV.
    Lange, David
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research, Brandmotstånd.
    Petersen, Laura
    EMSC.
    Melkunaite, Laura
    DBI.
    Bouffier, Christian
    INERIS.
    IMPROVER D2.3 Evaluation of resilience concepts applied to criticalinfrastructure using existing methodologies2016Report (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The current Deliverable of the IMPROVER H2020 project is the third and last in the project’s Work Package 2. While it draws heavily on previous work and deliverables, it shows the direction for the following workpackages, helping in their task to develop an approach for critical infrastructure (CI) resilience assessment which is applicable across Europe and to different infrastructure sectors as well as being compatible with the EU Risk Assessment guidelines.

     

    The current report combines the work done most notably in Task 2.4 and Task 2.5 as defined in the project’s work plan. These tasks aim to evaluate the contribution of individual resilience concepts to the resilience of critical infrastructure and to compare a number of existing methodologies for implementation of resilience concepts to critical infrastructure.

     

    In short, a set of existing, relevant, resilience analysis or assessment approaches were identified that. Based on well-defined criteria, three of the approaches were selected for more detailed comparison. In Chapter 1, these three approaches are concisely presented and reviewed. In Chapter 2, a set of several individual indicators that are widely used in resilience analysis are selected to be used as ‘test’ indicators to discuss their use vis-à-vis the selected three approaches. Chapter 3 presents four fictional scenarios, based on the projects living labs and representing different sectors of critical infrastructure in different countries. In Chapter 4, the use of the selected set of indicators is illustrated both vis-à-vis the three selected approaches and the four scenarios. Chapter 5 goes deeper in this discussion, and demonstrates how each of the approaches could be used against the four scenarios. Finally, in Chapter 6 the three critical infrastructure resilience analysis or assessment approaches are evaluated and their relative performance compared, identifying their pros and cons based on the author’s experiences from using the methodologies for the illustrations and demonstration. A more detailed, qualitative, comparison of the functioning of the three methodologies against the chosen criteria is also given.

     

    The feedback from illustrations and demonstrations of the three selected methodologies shows that all approaches have pros and cons. Moreover, there seems not to be any strict objective way to evaluate the approaches, but much depends on what one wants to do with a resilience analysis or assessment approach, and how much one is ready put effort and time to it, and who is doing it.

     

    These notions lead to the conclusion that, first, in the subsequent phases the IMPROVER project should aim at combining – in so far it is possible and commensurable – the identified/perceived pros while avoiding the identified/perceived cons. Second, the IMPROVER project should aim at developing a CI resilience assessment approach which can utilise the strengths of the analysis methods shown taking into account the idiosyncrasies of different type of CI and its operators. Such an assessment approach should take the form of a framework that combines a resilience analysis and a resilience evaluation methodology and is compatible with the EU Risk Assessment Guidelines.

    Download full text (pdf)
    IMPROVER D2.3
  • 27.
    Sesseng, Christian
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Kartlegging av bruk av røykvarslere i boliger i Norge2015In: Brandposten, no 53, p. 9-Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 28.
    Sesseng, Christian
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Manglende brannforebyggning förte til storbrann2016In: Brandposten, no 55, p. 15-15Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 29.
    Sesseng, Christian
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Optiske røykvarslere kan gi falsk trygghet på nattestid2015In: Brandposten, no 53, p. 8-Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 30.
    Sesseng, Christian
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Reitan, Nina Kristine
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Experimental investigation of using CO sensors to detect smouldering fires in dwellings2016In: Suppression, Detection and Signaling Research and Applications Conference (SupDet 2016), 2016Conference paper (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    SP Fire Research has recently conducted a research project which demonstrated that CO sensors may be more suitable than photoelectric detectors for detecting smouldering fires at an early stage. This was done by experimentally comparing photoelectric detectors with CO sensor in simulated bedroom fires. The response times of the CO sensors were significantly faster than for the photoelectric detectors. Furthermore, whereas the levels of fire gases at the time of CO alarm activation were sub-toxic, the results indicate that the CO dose may exceed critical values before photoelectric detectors activated.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 31.
    Steen-Hansen, A
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Smoke Scaling and Modelling Studies2008In: Hazards of Combustion Products:  Toxicity, Opacity, Corrosivity and Heat Release, Interscience Communications, 2008, p. 197-216Chapter in book (Other academic)
  • 32.
    Steen-Hansen, A
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Kristoffersen, B
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Assessment of fire properties for painted surfaces in escape routes2007In: Conference Proceedings Interflam 2007, Interscience Communications, 2007Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 33.
    Steen-Hansen, A
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Kristoffersen, B
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Assessment of Fire Safety Requirements to Upholstered Furniture and Mattresses2007Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 34.
    Steen-Hansen, A
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Kristoffersen, B
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Prediction of Fire Classification for Wood Based products2007In: Fire and Materials, ISSN 0308-0501, E-ISSN 1099-1018, Vol. 31, p. 207-223Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 35.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Fagdag med tema brann hos Direktoratet for byggkvalitet2015In: Brandposten, no 53, p. 28-Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 36.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    SP Fire Research presenterte analyse av storbrannen i Lærdal for den norske kongen2015In: Brandposten, no 53, p. 24-Article in journal (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 37.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Which factors are important for the fire safety in small care facilities?2012Conference paper (Other (popular science, discussion, etc.))
  • 38.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Bøe, Andreas Gagnat
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Hox, Kristian
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Fjellgaard Mikalsen, Ragni
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Stensaas, Jan P.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Storesund, Karolina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Evaluation of Fire Spread in the large Lærdal Fire, January 20142015In: Conference proceedings from Fire and Materials 2015, 2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 39.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Fjær, Sindre
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Sesseng, Christian
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Storesund, Karolina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Contribution to the investigation of the fire in an avalanche cover and train set at Hallingskeid railway station2013In: Conference Proceedings Interflam 2013, Interscience Communications, 2013, p. 1523-1534Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 40.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Reitan, Nina K.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Andersson, Eva
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Plast i byggevarer og brannsikkerhet2013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [no]

    Denne rapporten presenterer resultater fra et forprosjekt utført under forskningsavtalen mellom Direktoratetfor samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap (DSB) og SINTEF NBL. Direktoratet for byggkvalitet (DiBK) har ogsåbidratt med finansiering og som deltaker i styringskomitéen for prosjektet.

    Plast er stadig mer utbredt som bygningsmateriale, og nye produkter og anvendelser blir utviklet ogmarkedsført. Samtidig er det en utbredt skepsis til bruken av plast i enkelte bygg- og brannfagligemiljøer. Noe av skepsisen kan skyldes manglende kunnskap, noe kan skyldes manglende tilgjengeliginformasjon, og noe kan skyldes enkelte dårlige erfaringer med brann i plastmaterialer. Det finnes ogsåeksempler på at plastmaterialer brukes feil i forhold til hvordan de branntekniske egenskapene erdokumentert.

    Hensikten med forprosjektet har vært å gi en oversikt over bruksområder der det har oppstått, eller kanoppstå, problemer med anvendelse av plastprodukter i forhold til branntekniske ytelser angitt i de norskebyggereglene (TEK 10 med veiledning). Dette vil være viktig bakgrunnsinformasjon ved eventuelleendringer av byggereglene, og med hensyn til hvordan tilsyn i bygninger med byggevarer av plast børutføres. Som grunnlag for denne oversikten har vi gjennomført litteratursøk og søk etter informasjon omplast generelt og byggevarer i plast spesielt fra relevante kilder, Vi har kontaktet ulike aktører for å få deresinnspill til temaet, og vi har samlet informasjon om branner der plast har hatt en betydning for brannforløpet.Rapporten gir også en oversikt over utviklingen av det byggtekniske regelverket og forskningsaktiviteterinnenfor plast og brann i Norge.

    Plast er ikke en ensartet gruppe materialer. Det finnes ulike typer plast som oppfører seg på ulike vis i enbrannsituasjon. Innenfor en og samme type plast er det også stor variasjon i brannegenskapene, avhengig avmange ulike faktorer, som utforming, densitet og ulike tilsetningsstoffer. Det finnes plastmaterialer somantennes lett og brenner heftig, noen avgir mye svart røyk, andre har svært giftig røyk. Andre plastmaterialerkan ha gode brannegenskaper, er vanskelige å antenne og avgir lite eller moderate mengder røyk. Derfor erdet vanskelig å gi en generell konklusjon om at plast er akseptabelt eller uakseptabelt i bygninger. Detkommer an på så mangt, og er avhengig av type byggevare, det spesifikke produktet, hvor det skal anvendesog i hvilken type bygning. Dagens byggeregler er i prinsippet materialnøytrale, og samme regler gjelder forbyggevarer i samme type bruksområder, uavhengig av hva byggevaren er laget av. Det er brannegenskapenesom er avgjørende for hvordan og hvor produktene kan anvendes. Imidlertid skaper skillet mellom brennbarog ubrennbar isolasjon problemer for enkelte anvendelser av plastisolasjon, som ved isolasjon av tak, og vedfasadesystemer med plastisolasjon.

    Noe av det vi opplever skaper problemer med hensyn til anvendelse av plast i bygg og brannsikkerhet, ermangel på kunnskaper hos ulike aktører. Dette gjelder både med hensyn til forståelse for betydningen avulike brannegenskaper, og mangelfulle kunnskaper om det europeiske systemet for dokumentasjon avbyggevarer, og kravene til dokumentasjon gitt i TEK 10. Dermed kan dokumentasjonen i byggeprosjekter blimangelfull eller feil.

    På bakgrunn av all informasjonen vi har gått gjennom i prosjektet, har vi foreslått hvordan man gjennom envidereføring av prosjektet kan skape et grunnlag som fører til at byggevarer i plast kan brukes på enbrannsikker måte av ulike aktører (arkitekter, prosjekterende og utførende).

    En aktivitet i en videreføring kan være å vurdere hvor godt VTEK 10 er tilpasset dagens byggevarer, bådemed hensyn til bygningsmaterialer generelt og plast spesielt.

    En kartlegging av omfanget av enkelte typer byggevarer i plast i utvalgte bygningskategorier kan gi nyttiginformasjon om hvor utbredt bruken av plast er i norske bygninger i dag. Et område som kan være verdt å undersøke spesielt, er driftsbygninger i landbruket. Her har vi opplysninger om at det er en økt bruk avplastmaterialer, og det kan være formålstjenlig å undersøke hvilke produkter det er snakk om, hvordan debrukes, og om anvendelsen er i tråd med byggereglene.

    Det er også foreslått problemstillinger som bør undersøkes nærmere ved branntesting, som effekten avskader på sandwichpaneler, hvor gode de preaksepterte løsningene for brennbar isolasjon på tak er, og hvakravet om maksimalt 50 MJ/løpemeter korridor for kabel i rømningsvei betyr i praksis.

    Vi foreslår også å utarbeide grunnlag for å utarbeide informasjonsmateriell og formidle kunnskaper til ulikeaktører i bransjen.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 41.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Stensaas, Jan P.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Sesseng, Christian
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Stølen, Reidar
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Analysis of cooking fires in Norway2010In: Proceedings of the Interflam 2010 Conference, Interscience Communications, 2010Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 42.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Storesund, Karolina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Bergstrand, Anna
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research.
    Upholstered furniture – Can fire behavior be improved without adding chemical flame retardants?2016In: Interflam 2016: Conference Proceedings, Interscience Communications, 2016, p. 257-268Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 43.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Storesund, Karolina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Fjellgaard Mikalsen, Ragni
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Stensaas, Jan P.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Bøe, Andreas Gagnat
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Hox, Kristian
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    The Large Fire in Lærdal, January 2014. How did the Fire Spread and what Restricted the Fire Damage?2015In: Natural Disasters and Societal Safety / [ed] R.H. Gabrielsen & S. Lacasse, Oslo: Novus Forlag, 2015, p. 99-112Chapter in book (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This volume contains the written versions of the lectures presented at the symposium“Natural Disasters and Societal Safety” held on 28 April 2015. The symposium wasjointly organised and funded by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters(DNVA), the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (NTVA) and TheResearch Council of Norway (RCN). The programme for the symposium can befound on the next pages.

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 44.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Storesund, Karolina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Försth, Michael
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Strömgren, Michael
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Jensen, Brian J.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Bluhme, Dan
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge. SINTEF, Norway.
    Conditions for Nordic harmonisation offire classification of cables: Proposal of implementation of the newEuropean classification system in the building regulations2013Report (Other academic)
    Abstract [en]

    This report has been prepared for the building authorities in Denmark, Sweden and Norway in cooperation between the fire laboratories in Denmark, Sweden and Norway.

    The main goal of the project has been to propose how the new European system of reaction to fire classes forelectric cables can be implemented in the Nordic building regulations. This has been approached by exploring the present fire safety status regarding electric cables in the Nordic countries based on different activities.

    The report gives an overview over fire safety requirements that must be met by cables in the present Nordi cbuilding regulations and in the Nordic regulations for electric installations, and available information on which classes the most used cables will satsfy in the new system.

    Statistics and experience from fires where cables have been involved in the fire development are also presented.

    Based on this background, the following proposal of how the euroclass-system for electric cables can be implemented in Nordic building regulations is given:

    [Graphics][!]

    Download full text (pdf)
    fulltext
  • 45.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Storesund, Karolina
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Hertzberg, Tommy
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Analysis of fire related incidents in petroleum activities on the Norwegian shelf2016In: Book of Abstracts Nordic Fire & Safety Days 2016, 2016, p. 51-51Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 46.
    Stensaas, Jan Paul
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Produktdokumentasjon ved SP Fire Research AS2015In: Brandposten, no 52, p. 16-Article in journal (Other academic)
  • 47.
    Storesund, Karolina
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Fire safety level of interior textiles and upholstered furnishing in Norway – Considering health and environmental effects from changes in product safety regulations.2013In: Conference Proceedings Interflam 2013, Interscience Communications, 2013, p. 535-540Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 48.
    Storesund, Karolina
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Managing fire risk for vulnerable people – Accessibility of targeted fire preventive measures2015Conference paper (Other academic)
  • 49.
    Storesund, Karolina
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Hertzberg, Tommy
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research.
    Sesseng, Christian
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Shelf analysis2016In: Fire Risk Management, ISSN 1757-1324Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 50.
    Storesund, Karolina
    et al.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Steen-Hansen, Anne
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Sesseng, Christian
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Gjøsund, Gudveig
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Halvorsen, Kristin
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    Almklov, Petter Grytten
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Fire Research AS, Norge.
    How can fatal fires involving vulnerable people be avoided?2016In: Interflam 2016: Conference Proceedings, Interscience Communications, 2016, p. 365-374Conference paper (Other academic)
12 1 - 50 of 63
CiteExportLink to result list
Permanent link
Cite
Citation style
  • apa
  • ieee
  • modern-language-association-8th-edition
  • vancouver
  • Other style
More styles
Language
  • de-DE
  • en-GB
  • en-US
  • fi-FI
  • nn-NO
  • nn-NB
  • sv-SE
  • Other locale
More languages
Output format
  • html
  • text
  • asciidoc
  • rtf