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  • 1.
    Aurell, Erik
    et al.
    RISE, Swedish ICT, SICS.
    Sneppen, Kim
    Epigenetics as a first exit problem2002In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 88, no 4Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We develop a framework to discuss stability of epigenetic states as first exit problems in dynamical systems with noise. We consider in particular the stability of the lysogenic state of the lambda prophage, which is known to exhibit exceptionally large stability. The formalism defines a quantative measure of robustness of inherited states. In contrast to Kramers' well-known problem of escape from a potential well, the stability of inherited states in our formulation is not a numerically trivial problem. The most likely exit path does not go along a steepest decent of a potential -- there is no potential. Instead, such a path can be described as a zero-energy trajectory between two equilibria in an auxiliary classical mechanical system. Finding it is similar to e.g. computing heteroclinic orbits in celestial mechanics. The overall lesson of this study is that an examination of equilibria and their bifurcations with changing parameter values allow us to quantify both the stability and the robustness of particular states of a genetic control system.

  • 2.
    Bergsten, Tobias
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Mätteknik, Elektricitet.
    Disordered Fermi liquid in epitaxial graphene from quantum transport measurements2011In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 107, no 16, p. 166602-Article in journal (Refereed)
  • 3. Carambassis, A
    et al.
    Jonker, LC
    Attard, P
    Rutland, MW
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Forces measured between hydrophobic surfaces due to a sub-microscopic bridging bubble1998In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 80, p. 5357-5360Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Atomic force microscopy on hydrophobic microspheres in water reveals a strong attraction with a range of 20–200 nm, following an initial steep repulsion at long range. The data are consistent with a single ubmicroscopic bubble between the surfaces, with the attraction due to its attachment and lateral spread, and the repulsion dependent on film drainage and the electric double layer. The results provide direct experimental evidence of the existence of long-lived submicron bubbles, and of their bridging as the cause of the measured long-range attractions between macroscopic hydrophobic surfaces.

  • 4.
    Gao, Shang
    et al.
    Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland; University of Geneva, Switzerland.
    Zaharko, Oksana
    Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland.
    Tsurkan, Vladimir
    University of Augsburg, Germany; Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Moldova.
    Prodan, Lilian
    Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Moldova.
    Riordan, Edvard
    Cardiff University, UK.
    Lago, Jorge
    University of the Basque Country, Spain.
    Fak, Björn
    Institut Laue-Langevin, France.
    Wildes, Andrew R.
    Institut Laue-Langevin, France.
    Koza, Marek M.
    Institut Laue-Langevin, France.
    Ritter, Clemens
    Institut Laue-Langevin, France.
    Fouquet, Peter
    Institut Laue-Langevin, France.
    Keller, Lukas
    Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland.
    Canevet, Emmanuel
    Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland; DTU Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
    Medarde, Marisa
    Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland.
    Blomgren, Jakob
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, ICT, Acreo.
    Johansson, Christer
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, ICT, Acreo.
    Giblin, Sean R.
    Cardiff University, UK.
    Vrtnik, Stanislav
    Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia.
    Luzar, Jose
    Jozef Stefan Institute, Slovenia.
    Loidl, Alois
    University of Augsburg, Germany.
    Ruegg, Christina
    Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland; University of Geneva, Switzerland.
    Fennell, Tom
    Paul Scherrer Institut, Switzerland.
    Dipolar Spin Ice States with a Fast Monopole Hopping Rate in CdEr2X4 (X = Se, S)2018In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 120, no 13, article id 130201Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Excitations in a spin ice behave as magnetic monopoles, and their population and mobility control the dynamics of a spin ice at low temperature. CdEr2Se4 is reported to have the Pauling entropy characteristic of a spin ice, but its dynamics are three orders of magnitude faster than the canonical spin ice Dy2Ti2O7. In this Letter we use diffuse neutron scattering to show that both CdEr2Se4 and CdEr2S4 support a dipolar spin ice state-the host phase for a Coulomb gas of emergent magnetic monopoles. These Coulomb gases have similar parameters to those in Dy2Ti2O7, i.e., dilute and uncorrelated, and so cannot provide three orders faster dynamics through a larger monopole population alone. We investigate the monopole dynamics using ac susceptometry and neutron spin echo spectroscopy, and verify the crystal electric field Hamiltonian of the Er3+ ions using inelastic neutron scattering. A quantitative calculation of the monopole hopping rate using our Coulomb gas and crystal electric field parameters shows that the fast dynamics in CdEr2X4 (X = Se, S) are primarily due to much faster monopole hopping. Our work suggests that CdEr2X4 offer the possibility to study alternative spin ice ground states and dynamics, with equilibration possible at much lower temperatures than the rare earth pyrochlore examples.

  • 5.
    Svensson, T.
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Adolfsson, Erik
    RISE - Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, IVF.
    Lewander, M.
    Lund University.
    Xu, C.T.
    Lund University.
    Svanberg, S.
    Lund University.
    Disordered, strongly scattering porous materials as miniature multipass gas cells2011In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 107, no 14Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    We investigate the interaction of light and gas in strongly scattering nano- and macroporous media. Manufacturing and structural characterization of ZrO2, Al2O3 and TiO2 ceramics with different pore sizes, measurements of optical properties using photon time-of-flight spectroscopy, and high-resolution laser spectroscopy of O 2 at 760 nm are reported. We show that extreme light scattering can be utilized to realize miniature spectroscopic gas cells. Path length enhancement factors up to 750 are reached (5.4 m path through gas for light transmitted through a 7 mm ZrO2 with 49% porosity and 115 nm pores). © 2011 American Physical Society.

  • 6.
    Sweeney, James
    et al.
    University of Newcastle, Australia.
    Hausen, Florian
    INM-Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, Germany.
    Hayes, Robert
    University of Newcastle, Australia.
    Webber, Grant Bruce
    University of Newcastle, Australia.
    Endres, Frank
    Clausthal University of Technology, Germany.
    Rutland, Mark W.
    RISE, SP – Sveriges Tekniska Forskningsinstitut, SP Sveriges tekniska forskningsinstitut, YKI – Ytkemiska institutet.
    Control of nanoscale friction on gold in an ionic liquid by a potential-dependent ionic lubricant layer2012In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 109, no 15, article id 155502Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    The lubricating properties of an ionic liquid on gold surfaces can be controlled through application of an electric potential to the sliding contact. A nanotribology approach has been used to study the frictional behavior of 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tris(penta-uoroethyl) tri-uorophosphate ([Py 1,4]FAP) confined between silica colloid probes or sharp silica tips and a Au(111) substrate using atomic force microscopy. Friction forces vary with potential because the composition of a confined ion layer between the two surfaces changes from cation-enriched (at negative potentials) to anion-enriched (at positive potentials). This offers a new approach to tuning frictional forces reversibly at the molecular level without changing the substrates, employing a self-replenishing boundary lubricant of low vapor pressure.

  • 7.
    Weber, C.
    et al.
    Lund University.
    Fuhrer, A.
    Lund University.
    Fasth, C.
    Lund University.
    Lindwall, Greta
    RISE, Swerea, Swerea KIMAB.
    Samuelson, L.
    Lund University.
    Wacker, A.
    Lund University.
    Probing confined phonon modes by transport through a nanowire double quantum dot2010In: Physical Review Letters, ISSN 0031-9007, E-ISSN 1079-7114, Vol. 104, no 3Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Strong radial confinement in semiconductor nanowires leads to modified electronic and phononic energy spectra. We analyze the current response to the interplay between quantum confinement effects of the electron and phonon systems in a gate-defined double quantum dot in a semiconductor nanowire. We show that current spectroscopy of inelastic transitions between the two quantum dots can be used as an experimental probe of the confined phonon environment. The resulting discrete peak structure in the measurements is explained by theoretical modeling of the confined phonon mode spectrum, where the piezoelectric coupling is of crucial importance. © 2010 The American Physical Society.

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