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  • 1. Fackler, K.
    et al.
    Stevanic, Jasna S.
    RISE, Innventia.
    Ters, T.
    Hinterstoisser, B.
    Schwanninger, M.
    Salmen, Lennart
    RISE, Innventia.
    Localisation and characterisation of incipient brown-rot decay within spruce wood cell walls using FT-IR imaging microscopy2010In: Enzyme and microbial technology, ISSN 0141-0229, E-ISSN 1879-0909, Vol. 47, no 6, p. 257-267Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Spruce wood that had been degraded by brown-rot fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum or Poria placenta) exhibiting mass losses up to 16% was investigated by transmission Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) imaging microscopy. Here the first work on the application of FT-IR imaging microscopy and multivariate image analysis of fungal degraded wood is presented and the first report on the spatial distribution of polysaccharide degradation during incipient brown-rot of wood. Brown-rot starts to become significant in the outer cell wall regions (middle lamellae, primary cell walls, and the outer layer of the secondary cell wall S1). This pattern was detected even in a sample with non-detectable mass loss. Most significant during incipient decay was the cleavage of glycosidic bonds, i.e. depolymerisation of wood polysaccharides and the degradation of pectic substances. Accordingly, intramolecular hydrogen bonding within cellulose was reduced, while the presence of phenolic groups increased.

  • 2. Sjöde, A.
    et al.
    Winestrand, S.
    Nilvebrant, N. -O.
    RISE, STFI-Packforsk.
    Jönsson, L. J.
    Enzyme-based control of oxalic acid in the pulp and paper industry2008In: Enzyme and microbial technology, ISSN 0141-0229, E-ISSN 1879-0909, Vol. 43, no 2, p. 78-83Article in journal (Refereed)
    Abstract [en]

    Enzymatically catalyzed decomposition of oxalic acid in bleaching filtrates from the pulp and paper industry offers a possibility to enduringly prevent oxalate scaling problems by specific removal of the oxalic acid in the system rather than by attempting to avoid calcium oxalate precipitation by countermeasures aiming at improved solubility. To achieve a broad evaluation of various oxalate-degrading enzymes and to cover conditions encountered in various types of processes, 16 different bleaching filtrates were collected from pulp mills engaged in mechanical pulping of softwood, mechanical pulping of aspen, and kraft pulping of softwood. A novel oxalate-degrading enzyme provided by Novozymes was compared with commercially available oxalate oxidase from barley and oxalate decarboxylase from Aspergillus niger. The activity of the enzymes in the filtrates was investigated using kinetic analysis and multivariate data analysis. Kinetic analysis indicated that the degradation rates were governed more by inhibitors in the filtrates than by the concentration of oxalic acid. Multivariate data analysis suggested links between high concentrations of certain compounds in the filtrates and high or low enzyme activity, as exemplified by the link between high concentrations of chelators in filtrates from mechanical pulping and low activity of oxalate oxidase from barley. All three enzymes could degrade oxalic acid in all filtrates, despite the fact that very high concentrations of residual hydrogen peroxide were found in several of the filtrates.

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