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3R-Refinement principles: elevating rodent well-being and research quality
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Toxicology.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Toxicology.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Toxicology.ORCID iD: 0009-0004-6713-4254
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioeconomy and Health, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Toxicology.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3547-3671
2024 (English)In: Laboratory Animal Research, ISSN 1738-6055, Vol. 40, no 1, article id 11Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This review article delves into the details of the 3R-Refinement principles as a vital framework for ethically sound rodent research laboratory. It highlights the core objective of the refinement protocol, namely, to enhance the well-being of laboratory animals while simultaneously improving the scientific validity of research outcomes. Through an exploration of key components of the refinement principles, the article outlines how these ethics should be implemented at various stages of animal experiments. It emphasizes the significance of enriched housing environments that reduce stress and encourage natural behaviors, non-restraint methods in handling and training, refined dosing and sampling techniques that prioritize animal comfort, the critical role of optimal pain management and the importance of regular animal welfare assessment in maintaining the rodents well-being. Additionally, the advantages of collaboration with animal care and ethics committees are also mentioned. The other half of the article explains the extensive benefits of the 3R-Refinement protocol such as heightened animal welfare, enhanced research quality, reduced variability, and positive feedback from researchers and animal care staff. Furthermore, it addresses avenues for promoting the adoption of the protocol, such as disseminating best practices, conducting training programs, and engaging with regulatory bodies. Overall, this article highlights the significance of 3R-Refinement protocol in aligning scientific advancement with ethical considerations along with shaping a more compassionate and responsible future for animal research.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
BioMed Central Ltd , 2024. Vol. 40, no 1, article id 11
Keywords [en]
3R-Refinement principles, Animal welfare, Ethical considerations, Research quality, Scientific validity
National Category
Health Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-72556DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00198-3Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85188809503OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-72556DiVA, id: diva2:1850914
Note

 Correspondence Address: M. Bäckberg; RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Sweden. 

Available from: 2024-04-11 Created: 2024-04-11 Last updated: 2024-04-11Bibliographically approved

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Cotgreave, IanBäckberg, Matilda

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