A direct shear equipment for testing rock fractures up to 400×600 mm size, and up to 5 MN force in both normal and shear loading directions, was developed. Normal loading and direct shear tests under constant normal stiffness (CNS) and constant normal load (CNL) conditions were conducted on 300×500 mm specimens, one planar steel joint and two natural and two tensile induced rock fractures. Design targets, e.g. system to maintain undisturbed fractures up to testing and high system stiffnesses to achieve well-controlled shear tests, were verified by the experiments. A new optical system for local deformation measurements was used to accurately determine fracture displacements besides conventional non-local deformation measurements. The determined normal stiffnesses were similar previous results from the literature on smaller fractures, whereas the shear stiffness data are novel. The results provide a new insight into processes at the onset of fracture slip.