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Life cycle assessment of lithium-ion battery recycling - The Scope-lib process
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Product Realisation Methodology.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1826-8665
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Materials and Production, Product Realisation Methodology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8001-6851
2023 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This report contains a life cycle assessment, LCA, of recycling of lithium-ion battery, LIB, cells. It was performed in the context of the Swedish Scope-lib project. The study aims to highlight environmental hotspots with LIB recycling and shows the potential of LIB recycling. In short, the results indicate that: • the Scope-lib process operated in full scale, can potentially recover almost half of the climate impacts of producing a new NMC traction battery, the currently most common traction battery chemistry. The main reason is that the climate impact (data) of cobalt production has four folded since 2018. It emphasizes the importance of recycling scarce battery materials. • the Scope-lib process is not dependent on carbon-lean electricity to achieve a lot of climate impact avoidance. Using average European electricity mix (around 400 g CO2-eq/kWh) instead of Swedish electricity mix (around 40 g CO2-eq/kWh) only decrease the climate impact avoidance with less than 1 kg CO2-eq/kg cell or less than 10%. • recovery and recycling of ethylene carbonate (used as solvent in LIB electrolytes) shows much smaller potential climate benefits than recovery and recycling of the metals. • the resource depletion gains of the Scope-lib process follow the same trend as the climate impact gains, with the exception of aluminium. To complement the LCA, a life cycle-based risk mapping was performed which identified a particular high risk with fluorinated materials present in binders and electrolytes in NMC batteries which could potentially form hazardous chemical emissions during recycling (such as persistent PFAS) and thus need special attention.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2023. , p. 35
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2023:28
Keywords [en]
Recycling, lithium-ion, battery, LCA
National Category
Environmental Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-64287ISBN: 978-91-89757-74-5 (electronic)OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-64287DiVA, id: diva2:1749672
Available from: 2023-04-11 Created: 2023-04-11 Last updated: 2023-06-08Bibliographically approved

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Zackrisson, MatsSchellenberger, Steffen

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