Preparation and characterisation of biocomposites containing thermomechanical pulp fibres, poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene-adipate-terephthalate) or poly(hydroxyalkanoates) for 3D and 4D printing
2022 (English)In: Additive Manufacturing, ISSN 2214-8604, E-ISSN 2214-7810, Vol. 59, article id 103166Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Wood fibres are hygroscopic and swell when immersed in water. This effect can be used to create shape-changing structures in 3D printing. Hence, wood fibre reinforced filaments have the potential to be used in four-dimensional (4D) printing. In this work, biocomposites based on granulated or milled thermomechanical pulp (TMP) fibres and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were prepared and evaluated based on their tensile properties. Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHA) or poly(butylene-adipate-terephthalate) (PBAT) were included in the biocomposite recipes to assess their effect on the melt flow index (MFI) and tensile properties. Clear effects of the TMP fibre morphology on MFI were quantified. Biocomposites containing 20 wt% PBAT turned out to be stronger and tougher than the ones containing PHA. Based on that, filaments for 3D and 4D printing were manufactured. Interestingly, the tensile strength of 3D printed specimens containing milled TMP (TMPm) fibres was about 33% higher compared to those containing TMP fibre granulate (TMPg). Using hot water as the stimulus, the 3D printed specimens containing TMPg showed a greater reactivity and shape change compared to TMPm specimens. © 2022 The Authors
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V. , 2022. Vol. 59, article id 103166
Keywords [en]
4D printing, Biocomposites, Material extrusion, Mechanical characterization, Wood fibres, Butenes, Fibers, Lactic acid, Thermomechanical pulp, Wood products, Biocomposite, Mechanical characterizations, Poly lactic acid, Poly(butylene adipate), Polybutylene adipate, Pulp fibers, Terephthalate, Woodfiber, Tensile strength
National Category
Environmental Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-60406DOI: 10.1016/j.addma.2022.103166Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85139020120OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-60406DiVA, id: diva2:1704974
Note
Funding details: Norges Forskningsråd, 282310; Funding text 1: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Gary Chinga-Carrasco reports financial support was provided by Research Council of Norway, Grant no. 282310.
2022-10-202022-10-202023-05-17Bibliographically approved