Nanocelluloses – Nanotoxicology, Safety Aspects and 3D Bioprinting
2022 (English)In: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, ISSN 0065-2598, E-ISSN 2214-8019, Vol. 1357, p. 155-177Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Nanocelluloses have good rheological properties that facilitate the extrusion of nanocellulose gels in micro-extrusion systems. It is considered a highly relevant characteristic that makes it possible to use nanocellulose as an ink component for 3D bioprinting purposes. The nanocelluloses assessed in this book chapter include wood nanocellulose (WNC), bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), and tunicate nanocellulose (TNC), which are often assumed to be non-toxic. Depending on various chemical and mechanical processes, both cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) can be obtained from the three mentioned nanocelluloses (WNC, BNC, and TNC). Pre/post-treatment processes (chemical and mechanical) cause modifications regarding surface chemistry and nano-morphology. Hence, it is essential to understand whether physicochemical properties may affect the toxicological profile of nanocelluloses. In this book chapter, we provide an overview of nanotoxicology and safety aspects associated with nanocelluloses. Relevant regulatory requirements are considered. We also discuss hazard assessment strategies based on tiered approaches for safety testing, which can be applied in the early stages of the innovation process. Ensuring the safe development of nanocellulose-based 3D bioprinting products will enable full market use of these sustainable resources throughout their life cycle.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer , 2022. Vol. 1357, p. 155-177
Keywords [en]
3D printing, Bioprinting, Medical devices, Nanocellulose, Regulatory frameworks, Toxicology, cellulose, nanoparticle, chemistry, flow kinetics, three dimensional printing, Nanoparticles, Printing, Three-Dimensional, Rheology
National Category
Biological Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-59339DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_7Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85130766154OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-59339DiVA, id: diva2:1674840
Note
Funding details: Työsuojelurahasto, 117146; Funding details: Norges Forskningsråd, 309178; Funding text 1: The authors would like to thank Dr. Piia Taxell (Finnish Institute of Occupational Health) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) for providing information on the workers’ regulations and the current status of nanocelluloses under the REACH regulation, respectively. Sarunas Petronis (RISE) is acknowledged for acquiring the SEM image with cancer cells. This paper was funded by the Finnish Work Environment Fund (grant no. 117146), Swedish foundation for strategic research and by the OxyPol project, Nano2021 program, Research Council of Norway (grant no. 309178).
2022-06-222022-06-222023-05-22Bibliographically approved