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A survey on program-state retention for transiently-powered systems
LUMS, Pakistan.
Air University, Pakistan.
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden.
LUMS, Pakistan.
2021 (English)In: Journal of systems architecture, ISSN 1383-7621, E-ISSN 1873-6165, Vol. 115, article id 102013Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Low-power small-scale embedded sensing systems employing batteries generally impose high maintenance costs. To enable maintenance-free operation, they are powered from energy harvested from the environment thus making them batteryless. However, due to high variance of ambient energy, these batteryless embedded devices are unable to harvest enough energy from the environment required for continuous device operation thus hampering application progress and causing frequent loss of volatile program-state. Therefore, these batteryless devices have to employ state retention mechanisms to save the volatile program-state to non-volatile storage before interruption. These batteryless embedded sensing devices are known as transiently-powered systems (TPS). In this article, we survey existing literature to identify strategies and techniques used by each existing literature to decide what amount of volatile program-state needs to be saved and when to save it. We list the challenges in retaining program-state across periods of energy unavailability and how existing state-of-the-art solutions tackle them. We also describe different memory models and discuss factors governing the choice of each model for TPS deployment. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V. , 2021. Vol. 115, article id 102013
Keywords [en]
Checkpointing, Intermittent computing, Program-state retention, Transiently-powered computers, Application programs, Digital storage, Energy harvesting, Surveys, Application progress, Device operations, Embedded device, Embedded sensing, Maintenance cost, Maintenance free, Retaining programs, State of the art, Embedded systems
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-52196DOI: 10.1016/j.sysarc.2021.102013Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85099790605OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-52196DiVA, id: diva2:1527091
Available from: 2021-02-09 Created: 2021-02-09 Last updated: 2021-02-09Bibliographically approved

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