In situ release rates of Cu and Zn from commercial antifouling paints at different salinitiesShow others and affiliations
2018 (English)In: Marine Pollution Bulletin, ISSN 0025-326X, E-ISSN 1879-3363, Vol. 127, p. 289-296Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Antifouling paints are environmentally risk assessed based on their biocidal release rates to the water phase. In situ release rates of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were derived for five commercial paints in two recreational marinas with different salinities (5 and 14 PSU) using an X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). Salinity was found to significantly affect the Cu release, with twice the amount of Cu released at the higher salinity, while its influence on the Zn release was paint-specific. Site-specific release rates for water bodies with salinity gradients, e.g. the Baltic Sea, are therefore necessary for more realistic risk assessments of antifouling paints. Furthermore, the in situ release rates were up to 8 times higher than those generated using standardized laboratory or calculation methods. The environmental risk assessment repeated with the field release rates concludes that it is questionable whether the studied products should be allowed on the Swedish market.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2018. Vol. 127, p. 289-296
Keywords [en]
Antifouling paint, Copper, Environmental risk assessment, XRF, Zinc, Risk assessment, X ray spectrometers, Release rate, Salinity gradients, Site-specific, Swedish markets, Water phase, Waterbodies, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer, antifouling agent, paint, environmental risk, salinity, X-ray fluorescence, Article, Baltic Sea, body water, controlled study, environmental impact, laboratory technique, marine environment, marketing, Sweden, X ray fluorescence
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-33244DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.027Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85037855101OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-33244DiVA, id: diva2:1182400
Note
Funding details: Naturvårdsverket; Funding details: 185; Funding text: This work resulted from the BONUS CHANGE project and was supported by BONUS (Art 185), funded jointly by the EU and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Naturvårdsverket).
2018-02-132018-02-132020-04-27Bibliographically approved