Structural functionalization of industrial softwood kraft lignin for simple dip-coating of urea as highly efficient nitrogen fertilizer
2017 (English)In: Industrial crops and products (Print), ISSN 0926-6690, E-ISSN 1872-633X, Vol. 109, p. 255-265Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
Urea coating was conducted using polylactic acid (PLA) blended with industrial softwood kraft lignin after applying a dip-coating technique. The lignin was pre-functionalized via esterification that increased coat layer hydrophobicity or via amination that created an organically bound nitrogen structure. The PLA film reference had many pores, while the film from the PLA-lignin derivative complex was highly homogeneous and had no pores. The coat thickness was generally adjustable by repeating the coating process reaching up to 81% weight against the urea core. After coating, urea release in water was largely delayed, 20–30 and 6–10 times as long as that of uncoated urea or PLA-coated urea respectively. The coated urea will be a highly effective nitrogen fertilizer due to the controlled release after coating, the slow release from the organically bound nitrogen structure, and the expectedly extra stability against urease hydrolysis and microorganism nitrification after using the lignin structure.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2017. Vol. 109, p. 255-265
Keywords [en]
Dip coating, Esterification, Lignin, Mannich reaction, Nitrogen fertilizer, Coatings, Esters, Fertilizers, Metabolism, Nitrogen, Softwoods, Urea, Controlled release, Dip coating techniques, Functionalizations, Lignin derivatives, Lignin structure, Mannich reactions, Softwood kraft lignins, Nitrogen fertilizers
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-33047DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.08.011Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85028514962OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-33047DiVA, id: diva2:1173151
2018-01-112018-01-112023-03-27Bibliographically approved