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Numerical simulation of fire spread in a large-scale open CLT compartment
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9468-4586
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety. NTNU, Norway.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2396-1325
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4248-8396
2024 (English)In: Fire safety journal, ISSN 0379-7112, E-ISSN 1873-7226, Vol. 150, article id 104289Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Recent experiments have shown that exposed cross-laminated timber (CLT) can have a significant effect on the fire dynamics of large compartments. A simulation with the Fire Dynamic Simulator has been conducted to better understand the fire behaviour of open-plan compartments with exposed CLT. The simulation was set up to replicate a large-scale experiment, FRIC-02, with exposed CLT on the back wall and ceiling. The compartment was 95 m2 (18.8 m × 5.0 m × 2.5 m), with one long wall open (opening factor 0.18 m1/2). A continuous wood crib was used as the variable fuel load. The characteristic results of FRIC-02 with a rapid fire development and non-symmetrical external flames were successfully reproduced. With the wind coming diagonally from behind, as in FRIC-02, the external flames emerged mainly out of one window. The flames covered the entire window height, which effectively inhibited the inflow of air through that window. The imbalance in air supply also created large temperature differences throughout the compartment. With no implementation of wind, external flames and temperatures were more symmetrical. Despite a good match to FRIC-02, the method still has several limitations, including the adaption of the burning rate to the feedback from surroundings.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd , 2024. Vol. 150, article id 104289
Keywords [en]
Fireclay; Fires; Timber; Cross laminated; Cross-laminated timber compartment; Exposed timber; External flame; External wind; FDS; Fire dynamics; Fire spread; Laminated timber; Large-scales; Premixed flames
National Category
Civil Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-76445DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104289Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85209133411OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-76445DiVA, id: diva2:1932521
Note

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the Research Council of Norway through the program BRANNSIKKERHET, project number 294649. 

Available from: 2025-01-29 Created: 2025-01-29 Last updated: 2025-01-29Bibliographically approved

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Jiang, LeiSæter Bøe, AndreasLi, Tian

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CiteExportLink to record
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Citation style
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