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Uneven exposure of compressed natural gas (CNG) and hydrogen (H2) cylinders: Fire and extinguishment tests
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8548-657x
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6758-6067
2024 (English)In: Fire safety journal, ISSN 0379-7112, E-ISSN 1873-7226, Vol. 146, article id 104170Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Vehicles that are powered by gaseous fuel, e.g., compressed natural gas (CNG) or hydrogen (H2), may, in the event of fire, result in a jet flame from a thermally activated pressure relief device (TPRD), or a pressure vessel explosion. There have been a few incidents for CNG vehicles where the TPRD was unsuccessful to prevent a pressure vessel explosion in the event of fire, both nationally in Sweden and internationally. If the pressure vessel explosion would occur inside an enclosure such as a road tunnel, the resulting consequences are even more problematic. In 2019 the authors investigated the fire safety of CNG cylinders exposed to localized fires. One purpose of the tests conducted in 2021 reported in this paper is to investigate whether extinguishment with water, e.g., from a tunnel deluge system, may compromise the safety of vehicle gas cylinders in the event of fire. Steel cylinders handles the situation with localizde fire and/or cooling with water well. Composite tanks can rupture if the fire exposure degrades the composite material strength, and the TPRD is not sufficiently heated to activate, e.g., if the fire is localized or if the TPRD is being cooled by water, which prevents its activation.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd , 2024. Vol. 146, article id 104170
Keywords [en]
Compressed natural gas; Cylinders (shapes); Explosions; Hydrogen; Pressure vessels; Tanks (containers); Vehicles; Compressed gas; Cylinder; Fire safety; Fire tests; Gaseous Fuel; Pressure relief devices; Rescue service intervention; Thermally activated; Vehicle fire safety; Vehicle fires; Fires
National Category
Other Civil Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-73273DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2024.104170Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85191503019OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-73273DiVA, id: diva2:1861517
Funder
Swedish Transport Administration
Note

Jonatan Gehandler reports financial support was provided by Swedish Transport Administration and Tunnel Underground Safety Center (TUSC). If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Available from: 2024-05-28 Created: 2024-05-28 Last updated: 2024-08-21Bibliographically approved

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Gehandler, JonatanLönnermark, Anders

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