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Large- and small-scale fire test of a building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) facade system
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety. NTNU, Norway.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2164-940x
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4248-8396
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety.ORCID iD: 0009-0006-3856-6546
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Fire and Safety. NTNU, Norway.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4831-7563
2024 (English)In: Fire safety journal, ISSN 0379-7112, E-ISSN 1873-7226, Vol. 144, article id 104083Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The number of installed photovoltaic (PV) modules has increased significantly over the last years, and using available building surfaces to generate electricity by integrating PV modules in the construction is an attractive option. Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) or other vented claddings can spread fires rapidly to large parts of a building if the fire is allowed to propagate. To investigate this hazard, a large-scale SP FIRE 105 façade fire test was conducted. A façade measuring 4000 mm × 6000 mm covered with BIPV modules was exposed to flames that represent the fire plume from a window in a room at flashover. The results from the test show that critical failures, like falling objects and vertical flame propagation, can be expected in such constructions. These results highlight the importance of details in mounting of BIPV-façades and to require proper documentation from relevant fire tests of such systems. Small-scale cone calorimeter tests were conducted on the studied BIPV module to provide material properties of the combustible parts of the installation. These aspects should be considered when planning new or when retrofitting façades, to prevent escalation of fires. The results presented are, however, only valid for the configuration that was tested. Other BIPV-façades should also be investigated to study how these constructions can be built safely in the future with regard to critical details.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
2024. Vol. 144, article id 104083
Keywords [en]
Facade, BIPV, Full-scale fire test, Reaction to fire, Cavity, Cone calorimeter
National Category
Civil Engineering
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-69351DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.104083OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-69351DiVA, id: diva2:1825865
Funder
The Research Council of Norway, 294649
Note

This research is supported by the Fire Research and Innovation Centre (FRIC), funded by the Research Council of Norway (Project no. 294649) and project partners. The authors would also thank the C40 Urban Village project led by OBOS with support from Multiconsult, Hunton and Innovation Norway for initiating, planning and financing the test and sharing data. 

Available from: 2024-01-10 Created: 2024-01-10 Last updated: 2024-07-28Bibliographically approved

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Stølen, ReidarLi, TianWingdahl, TrondSteen-Hansen, Anne

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