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Physical characteristics of splash and spray clouds produced by heavy vehicles (trucks and lorries) driven on wet asphalt
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Safety Research.ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4687-9554
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Safety Research.ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2160-8034
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Measurement Technology.ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5799-5844
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Safety and Transport, Vehicles and Automation.
2021 (English)In: Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, ISSN 0167-6105, E-ISSN 1872-8197, Vol. 217, article id 104734Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Heavy vehicles rolling on wet roads produce splash and spray clouds. These aerosols reduce the visibility of other drivers, contribute to a small, but quantifiable proportion of road traffic accidents and affect the operational capabilities of autonomous vehicles travelling near them. Even though knowing the physical properties of these aerosols is essential for testing and validating sensors for environment perception and recognition of autonomous vehicles, there is little information about them. In this work the physical characteristics of spray clouds produced by heavy vehicles rolling on wet asphalt were measured by optical methods. Time resolved droplet size, mass concentration, number density, light extinction and contrast attenuation parallel and perpendicular to the travelling direction of the vehicle were measured. Vehicle velocity, vehicle configuration and water depth were varied during the tests. Results show that the average droplet diameter ranges between 100 and 400 μm with maximum diameters of almost 4 mm. Mass concentration gamuts between 0,2 and 0,7 kg/m3 with peaks surpassing 1 kg/m3 while number density spans between 20 and 40 cm−3 and occasionally exceeds 100 cm−3. Light extinction can reach levels as high as 0,2 m−1 and contrast, evaluated from images, can reach values under 0,1. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V. , 2021. Vol. 217, article id 104734
Keywords [en]
Autonomous vehicles, Road aerosols, Tyre spray, Visibility, Accidents, Asphalt, Drops, Light extinction, Roads and streets, Tires, Heavier vehicles, Mass concentration, Number density, Physical characteristics, Road aerosol, Road traffic accidents, Spray cloud, Tire spray, Wet road, Aerosols
National Category
Transport Systems and Logistics
Identifiers
URN: urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-56007DOI: 10.1016/j.jweia.2021.104734Scopus ID: 2-s2.0-85112485457OAI: oai:DiVA.org:ri-56007DiVA, id: diva2:1588836
Note

Funding text 1: The authors acknowledge the members and staff of AstaZero for the valuable support during the measuring campaign. The support of Christian Badenfelt documenting graphically the tests is highly appreciated.

Available from: 2021-08-30 Created: 2021-08-30 Last updated: 2023-06-05Bibliographically approved

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Otxoterena Af Drake, PaulWillstrand, OlaAndersson, Anne

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