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Meroufel, A., Gordon, A. & Thierry, D. (2024). Cathodic protection shielding of coated buried pipeline. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 21, 445
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Cathodic protection shielding of coated buried pipeline
2024 (English)In: Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, ISSN 1945-9645, Vol. 21, p. 445-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

During the 2000s, the concept of cathodic protection (CP) shielding was first raised in open literature and remains debated between coatings professionals. The mechanism of CP shielding, and its understanding continue to be studied for different coatings with different approaches and using various techniques. From the CP shielding factors to the assessment methods, the published literature merits a deep analysis to capture the established knowledge and identify the research gaps to further tackle the issue for reliable coated buried structures. A holistic approach to this topic seems necessary where coatings ageing, cathodic protection, electrochemistry, and transport processes should be considered. In the first part of the present review, the recent works related to the understanding of CP shielding, coatings properties were considered before discussing the mechanisms involved underneath coatings. Transport phenomena and their relationship with cathodic protection performance in the presence of chemical and microbiological processes are discussed in the second part. Finally, CP shielding assessment methods and modeling works are presented and discussed from different perspectives. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2024
Keywords
Cathodic protection; Shielding; Buried pipelines; Buried structure; Coating professionals; Disbondment; Holistic approach; Modeling; Research gaps; Shielding factor; Transport process; Work-related; Coatings
National Category
Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-68807 (URN)10.1007/s11998-023-00850-y (DOI)2-s2.0-85179330670 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-01-09 Created: 2024-01-09 Last updated: 2024-05-23Bibliographically approved
Peltier, F. & Thierry, D. (2024). Development of a Reliable Accelerated Corrosion Test for Painted Aluminum Alloys Used in the Aerospace Industry. Corrosion and Materials Degradation, 5(3), 427-438
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development of a Reliable Accelerated Corrosion Test for Painted Aluminum Alloys Used in the Aerospace Industry
2024 (English)In: Corrosion and Materials Degradation, ISSN 2624-5558, Vol. 5, no 3, p. 427-438Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

New environmental regulations have led to major changes in aluminum corrosion protection by prohibiting, for example, Cr(VI). Thus, the assessment of the corrosion behavior of Cr-free systems under atmospheric conditions is a major topic of interest for the aerospace industry. One major difficulty in this task is the lack of robust and reliable accelerated corrosion test(s) in this field. The aim of the present study is to compare the results of various accelerated corrosion standards (ASTM B117, ISO 4623-2, VCS 1027,149) to results obtained after 5 years of exposure at a marine atmospheric site in Brest, France. Additional accelerated corrosion tests were designed by varying several parameters in the VCS 1027, 149, such as the salt concentration, the time of wetness, and the relative humidity. The different modes of failure obtained in accelerated corrosion tests on the painted samples were then compared to field exposures in a marine atmospheric site. The first results obtained showed that the developed tests are more representative of service conditions than standard tests. © 2024 by the authors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG, 2024
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-76038 (URN)10.3390/cmd5030019 (DOI)2-s2.0-85205039241 (Scopus ID)
Note

 The authors acknowledge the industrial partners of the Member Research Consortium (MRC) “Aerospace” from the ARCOR association for funding, material supply, and fruitful discussions on the experimental protocol and results: Boeing, Airbus Commercial, Airbus Defense and Space, Airbus Helicopters, Constellium, DGA, Socomore, AkzoNobel, Henkel, Liebherr, PPG Aerospace, and Safran Tech.

Available from: 2024-10-31 Created: 2024-10-31 Last updated: 2024-10-31Bibliographically approved
Thierry, D., Persson, D. & Le Bozec, N. (2024). Long-term atmospheric corrosion rates of Zn55Al-coated steel. Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Long-term atmospheric corrosion rates of Zn55Al-coated steel
2024 (English)In: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion, ISSN 0947-5117, E-ISSN 1521-4176Article in journal (Refereed) Epub ahead of print
Abstract [en]

Hot-dip Zn55Al-coated steel samples have been exposed for up to 6 years at 11 different weathering sites, including marine, marine-industrial, acid-rain and dry atmospheres. From the mass loss measurements, Zn55Al metallic coating showed globally long-term good corrosion resistance in all weathering conditions compared with hot-dip Zn-0.2Al-coated steel (Z). Yet, weaker performance was observed on Zn55Al in high SO2 polluted atmosphere, particularly when combined with seawater aerosols. This is explained by a more acidic surface condition linked to high SO2. Although the extent of corrosion in this phase was different at the different sites, the final corrosion products formed after 6 years were rather similar at all sites. This consists of hydrous aluminium sulphate or hydrous aluminium hydroxy sulphate and, probably also a smaller amount of sulphate-containing zinc corrosion products or Al/Zn products.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024
Keywords
atmospheric corrosion, hot-dip zinc-coated steel, zinc aluminium, Acid rain, Aluminum alloys, Aluminum coated steel, Aluminum coatings, Aluminum corrosion, Binary alloys, Corrosion rate, Corrosion resistance, Corrosion resistant coatings, Seawater corrosion, Steel corrosion, Sulfur compounds, Weathering, Zinc alloys, Zinc coatings, Atmospheric corrosion rates, Coated steel, Corrosion products, Dry atmospheres, Hot dips, Hot-dip zincs, Mass-loss measurement, Steel samples, Zinc-coated steel
National Category
Earth and Related Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-71953 (URN)10.1002/maco.202314209 (DOI)2-s2.0-85181487920 (Scopus ID)
Note

ArcelorMittal, voestalpine, SSAB Europe, Ternium, TataSteel and Bluescope steel are acknowledged for thefinancial support.

Available from: 2024-02-27 Created: 2024-02-27 Last updated: 2024-05-27Bibliographically approved
Bin Mohamad Sultan, B., Persson, D., Thierry, D., Han, J. & Ogle, K. (2024). On the dissolution kinetics during acid pickling and Zr-based conversion coating of aluminum alloys using element-resolved electrochemistry. Electrochimica Acta, 503, Article ID 144820.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On the dissolution kinetics during acid pickling and Zr-based conversion coating of aluminum alloys using element-resolved electrochemistry
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2024 (English)In: Electrochimica Acta, ISSN 0013-4686, E-ISSN 1873-3859, Vol. 503, article id 144820Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The acid pickling of Al-3at.%Mg, Al-3at.%Cu, and aluminum alloy (AA) 7449-T651 in nitro-sulfuro-ferric acid was investigated using element-resolved electrochemistry (AESEC) in terms of their elemental dissolution kinetics. The influence of this acid pickling on the subsequent Zr-based conversion coating process was also demonstrated on these alloys by monitoring the dissolution rates of the alloying elements during conversion and the final elemental depth profiles from calibrated glow discharge-optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES). The separate influence of fluoride (F−) and nitrate (NO3−) as additives on the dissolution kinetics was also investigated when added to the conversion coating bath solution. F− increased the dissolution rate of Al but no significant effect was seen on Cu, while NO3− enhanced the dissolution rates of both elements. Fourier-transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS) data suggested a greater Zr-fluoride presence if the conversion coating was performed on a non-acid-pickled surface. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2024
Keywords
Aluminum coatings; Copper alloys; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Iron alloys; Magnesium alloys; Optical emission spectroscopy; Pickling; Zinc coatings; Zirconium alloys; Acid pickling; Coating process; Conversion coatings; Dissolution kinetics; Dissolution rates; Elemental depth profiles; Fourier transform infrared; Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy; Operando spectroscopy; Surface traatment; Glow discharges
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-74953 (URN)10.1016/j.electacta.2024.144820 (DOI)2-s2.0-85201268176 (Scopus ID)
Note

The authors would like to thank the Agence National RechercheTechnologie and the Agence Nationale de Recherche under grant #ANR-22CE08-0015-01 (QUEENE) for partial financing

Available from: 2024-08-28 Created: 2024-08-28 Last updated: 2024-08-28Bibliographically approved
Taryba, M., Cruz, A., Macháčková, N., Montemor, F., Prošek, T. & Thierry, D. (2024). The effect of acidification on hydrogen uptake and corrosion resistance of advanced high-strength steels. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 33, 4149-4161
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The effect of acidification on hydrogen uptake and corrosion resistance of advanced high-strength steels
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2024 (English)In: Journal of Materials Research and Technology, ISSN 2238-7854, E-ISSN 2214-0697, Vol. 33, p. 4149-4161Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

High strength steels are susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement that may contribute to degradation of steel parts and structural failure. The correlation between corrosion-induced hydrogen entry and electrochemical behavior of galvanized advanced high-strength steel (Press Hardened Steel and Complex Phase Steel) was studied in neutral and acidified (pH 3) 0.05 M NaCl by combination of conventional and localized electrochemical techniques with zero resistance ammeter technique and thermal desorption analysis. Hydrogen entry increased in acidic environment due to lowered galvanic protection of both coatings. In Press Hardened Steel, it was additionally aggravated by pitting of insufficiently galvanically protected steel. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2024
Keywords
Corrosion resistance, Corrosion resistant coatings, Corrosive effects, Fracture mechanics, Galvanic corrosion, Galvanized metal, Galvanizing, Hardening, Pressure vessels, Steel corrosion, Acidified electrolytes, Advanced high strength steel, Complex-phase steels, Corrosion products, Electrochemical behaviors, Galvanized press hardened steel, Hardened steel, Hydrogen corrosion, Hydrogen entry, Neutral electrolytes, Hydrogen embrittlement
National Category
Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-76045 (URN)10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.10.071 (DOI)2-s2.0-85206237149 (Scopus ID)
Note

  Financial support through the RCFS project 101034041 \u201CModelling of hydrogen activity from atmospheric corrosion in ultra-high strength steels for light structure application\u201D is acknowledged. Authors from CQE acknowledge FCT for the funding under DOI 10.54499/UIDP/00100/2020, DOI 10.54499/UIDB/00100/2020 and DOI 10.54499/LA/P/0056/2020.

Available from: 2024-10-31 Created: 2024-10-31 Last updated: 2024-10-31
Sainis, S., Persson, D., Törne, K., Tidblad, J. & Thierry, D. (2024). The influence of recycling on the localized corrosion susceptibility of extruded AA6063 alloys. npj Materials Degradation, 8(1), Article ID 95.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The influence of recycling on the localized corrosion susceptibility of extruded AA6063 alloys
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2024 (English)In: npj Materials Degradation, ISSN 2397-2106, Vol. 8, no 1, article id 95Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

An approach involving the quantification of microstructure characterized by different techniques such as SEM, EDS, and SKPFM is statistically treated to provide a deeper insight into the influence of recycling AA6063 on localized corrosion susceptibility. Particularly, the intermetallic particles and the two forms of localized corrosion – pitting and intergranular corrosion are systematically documented, measured, and analyzed. Even trace amounts of Cu and Zn introduced into the alloy from recycling had a remarkable effect on the localized corrosion susceptibility. The study found that the initiation and early evolution of the two localized corrosions are in competition, and the predominance of one over the other is closely linked to the composition of the alloy, and microstructure. Recycled variants with higher trace Cu made the alloy more susceptible to pitting attack whereas higher trace Zn is linked with greater IGC susceptibility. The trace amount of higher Zn addition has a particularly beneficial effect on pitting susceptibility as it reduces the likelihood of pitting even in alloys with a higher trace Cu content. The SKPFM results obtained in this study provided a basis for the circumferential pitting susceptibility around intermetallic particles, as a higher volta potential difference (∆V) implied a higher driving force for corrosion. ∆V differences between the different variants were further explained based on trace recycled element distribution in the microstructure. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Nature Publishing Group, 2024
Keywords
Cadmium alloys; Copper; Copper alloys; Copper corrosion; Mercury amalgams; Pitting; Trace analysis; Zinc; Zinc alloys; Aa6063 alloys; Corrosion pitting; Corrosion susceptibility; Inter-metallic particle; Intergranular corrosion; Localized corrosion; Pitting attack; Pitting susceptibility; SEM-EDS; Trace amounts; Intergranular corrosion
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-75647 (URN)10.1038/s41529-024-00510-5 (DOI)2-s2.0-85203556544 (Scopus ID)
Note

The authors sincerely acknowledge the funding received from Vinnova, Sweden’s Innovation Agency (Project ID: 2022-02952).

Available from: 2024-11-01 Created: 2024-11-01 Last updated: 2024-11-01Bibliographically approved
Vucko, F., Nazarov, A., Helbert, V., Thierry, D., Pelletier, S., Pablo, H., . . . Cavaletti, E. (2024). Wet corrosion of incinerators under chloride deposits: Insights from experimental study on stainless steels and nickel-based alloy weldments. Corrosion Science, 236, Article ID 112220.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Wet corrosion of incinerators under chloride deposits: Insights from experimental study on stainless steels and nickel-based alloy weldments
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2024 (English)In: Corrosion Science, ISSN 0010-938X, E-ISSN 1879-0496, Vol. 236, article id 112220Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The deliquescence of the corrosion species produced by nuclear waste incineration, in particular ZnCl2, makes wet corrosion possible even in dehumidified atmosphere complicating the corrosion risk management of the equipment. A specific cyclic corrosion test was used to assess the compatibility of corrosion resistance alloys to such conditions. Thereby, AISI 316 L welds resisted somehow to pitting but experienced severe stress corrosion cracking, while UR66™ showed only pitting in the heat affected zone. Hastelloy® C22 exhibited better performance, with localized corrosion only in the fusion zone, that was greatly influenced by the composition of the filler materials and welding techniques.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2024
Keywords
Atmospheric corrosion; Chlorine compounds; Corrosion resistant alloys; Deposits; Heat affected zone; High temperature corrosion; Microstructure; Nickel alloys; Pitting; Risk management; Stainless steel; Steel corrosion; Stress corrosion cracking; Weld decay; Welding; Chloride deposit; Corrosion risk; Corrosion-resistant alloys; Nickel based alloy; Pitting and cracking; Pittings; Scanning Kelvin probes; Welding; Weldments; Wet corrosion; Corrosion resistance
National Category
Chemical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-74789 (URN)10.1016/j.corsci.2024.112220 (DOI)2-s2.0-85197264651 (Scopus ID)
Note

This work was part of a project conducted in a partnership between Orano, CEA and Andra, supported by the French government program “Programme d’Investissements d’Avenir”.

Available from: 2024-09-05 Created: 2024-09-05 Last updated: 2024-09-05Bibliographically approved
Caussé, N., Bonin, P., Thierry, D., Le Bozec, N., Roggero, A. & Pébère, N. (2023). Ageing processes of coil-coated materials: Temperature-controlled electrochemical impedance analysis. Progress in organic coatings, 183, Article ID 107682.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Ageing processes of coil-coated materials: Temperature-controlled electrochemical impedance analysis
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2023 (English)In: Progress in organic coatings, ISSN 0300-9440, E-ISSN 1873-331X, Vol. 183, article id 107682Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In the present work, an industrial polyester coil-coated steel was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) during immersion in a 0.5 M NaCl solution for different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60 °C). The objective was to propose a methodology to follow the ageing of the coil-coated system, from the first stage of water uptake until the blistering appearance. Relevant parameters were extracted from the EIS diagrams to analyse ageing processes of the polymer and of the metal/polymer interface. Water uptake was determined from the high-frequency part of the impedance diagrams using a linear rule of mixtures. By increasing the temperature, both the water uptake kinetics and the water content in the coating increased. The effect of water uptake on the physical structure of the coating (plasticization) was discussed through the analysis of a time constant corresponding to the dielectric manifestation of the polymer glass transition. At 40, 50 and 60 °C, appearance of corrosion was detected on the impedance spectra by a decrease, at low frequency, of the impedance modulus and of the phase angle. For 60 °C, the corroded surface area as a function of time, was assessed from the EIS data analysis with adapted equivalent circuits. The corroded surface areas followed similar trend as blister surface areas determined from images analysis.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V., 2023
Keywords
Barrier properties, Blistering, Organic coatings, Plasticization, Water sorption, Coated materials, Corrosion resistant coatings, Electrochemical corrosion, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Equivalent circuits, Glass transition, Organic polymers, Plastic coatings, Sodium chloride, Ageing process, Coil coated materials, Corroded surface, Electrochemical-impedance spectroscopies, Surface area, Water uptake
National Category
Corrosion Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-65540 (URN)10.1016/j.porgcoat.2023.107682 (DOI)2-s2.0-85161663286 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-06-28 Created: 2023-06-28 Last updated: 2023-12-20Bibliographically approved
Larché, N., Leballeur, C., Diler, E. & Thierry, D. (2023). Crevice Corrosion of High-Grade Stainless Steels in Seawater: A Comparison Between Temperate and Tropical Locations. Corrosion, 79(9), 1106-1117
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Crevice Corrosion of High-Grade Stainless Steels in Seawater: A Comparison Between Temperate and Tropical Locations
2023 (English)In: Corrosion, ISSN 0010-9312, E-ISSN 1938-159X, Vol. 79, no 9, p. 1106-1117Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The corrosion risk for stainless steel components is not the same in all seawaters, with more failures generally reported in tropical seas. In this study, the influence of biofilm on electrochemical behavior and corrosion resistance of passive films of high-grade alloys was studied in different seawaters, including temperate seawater (France-Brest, North Atlantic Ocean), tropical seawater (Malaysia-Kelatan, Meridional China Sea), and intermediate conditions in terms of temperature (Brazil-Arraial do Cabo, South Atlantic Ocean). The stabilized open-circuit potentials and the polarization behavior of high-grade stainless steels were measured as a function of temperature in all of the tested field marine stations, providing quantified data and direct comparison of the biofilm-enhanced corrosion risks. Significant differences were measured in tropical and in temperate seawaters in heated conditions. Above 37°C, the biofilm activity was much more pronounced in tropical seawater compared to Atlantic Ocean sites, leading to much higher localized corrosion risk. Crevice corrosion of eight high-grades passive alloys was also studied with the use of crevice formers specifically developed for tube geometries. Duplex UNS S32205, superduplex UNS S32750, hyperduplex UNS S33207 and S32707, and 6Mo stainless steels UNS S31266 have been evaluated together with Ni-based alloys UNS N06845 and N06625. In the more severe conditions, the high-grade alloys UNS S32707 and the 6%Mo UNS S31266, both with pitting resistant equivalent number (PREN) around 50, showed better performance than commonly used superduplex UNS S32750 and UNS S39274 (PREN 40). The corrosion results are discussed regarding the monitored biofilm-induced depolarization measured in the different test conditions.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Materials Protection and Performance, 2023
Keywords
Biofilms; Corrosion resistance; Corrosion resistant alloys; Crevice corrosion; Electrochemical corrosion; Localized corrosion; Nickel alloys; Oceanography; Risk assessment; Seawater corrosion; Steel corrosion; Tropics; Atlantic Ocean; Corrosion risk; Corrosion-resistant alloys; Crevice corrosion; Ennoblement; High grades; Pitting resistant equivalent numbers; Steel components; Superduplex; Tropical location; Stainless steel
National Category
Corrosion Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-67717 (URN)10.5006/4370 (DOI)2-s2.0-85173616989 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2023-11-06 Created: 2023-11-06 Last updated: 2023-11-21Bibliographically approved
Peltier, F. & Thierry, D. (2023). Development of Reliable Accelerated Corrosion Tests for Aluminum Alloys Used in the Aerospace Industry. Corrosion, 79(9), 1006-1016
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Development of Reliable Accelerated Corrosion Tests for Aluminum Alloys Used in the Aerospace Industry
2023 (English)In: Corrosion, ISSN 0010-9312, E-ISSN 1938-159X, Vol. 79, no 9, p. 1006-1016Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Aluminum alloys are not immune to corrosion which can take the form of localized corrosion. Thus, the assessment of the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys under atmospheric conditions is a major topic for the aerospace industry. One major difficulty in this task is the lack of robust and reliable accelerated corrosion test(s) in this field. Indeed, several tests as the neutral salt spray test (ASTM B117) are used to assess the general corrosion resistance of aluminum, but these tests were not developed specifically for the aerospace industry and are not representative of service conditions. The aim of the present study was to compare the results of various accelerated corrosion test conditions (ASTM B117, VDA 233-102, Volvo STD 423-0014) with newly developed test conditions. Hence, different accelerated corrosion tests were designed by varying several parameters in the Volvo STD 423-0014 such as the salt concentration, time of wetness, and relative humidity. The results obtained on eight aluminum alloys (2xxx, 7xxx, and Al-Li alloys) were then compared to marine exposures. From the results, one test provides the same type of corrosion attacks on the different alloys under atmospheric exposures in the marine site and a good acceleration factor.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Materials Protection and Performance, 2023
Keywords
Aerospace industry; Aluminum corrosion; Atmospheric corrosion; Atmospheric humidity; Binary alloys; Corrosion resistance; Corrosion resistant alloys; Corrosive effects; Lithium alloys; Localized corrosion; Seawater corrosion; Accelerated corrosion testing; Accelerated corrosion tests; Aerospace corrosion; Atmospheric conditions; Atmospheric exposures; Corrosion behaviour; Localized corrosion; Neutral salt spray test; Test condition; Test development; Aluminum alloys
National Category
Corrosion Engineering Metallurgy and Metallic Materials
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-67720 (URN)10.5006/4356 (DOI)2-s2.0-85173631246 (Scopus ID)
Note

The authors acknowledge the industrial partners of the Member Research Consortium (MRC) “Aerospace” from the ARCOR association for funding, material supply, and fruitful discussions on the experimental protocol and results: Boeing, Airbus Commercial, Airbus Defense and Space, Airbus Helicopters, Constellium, DGA, Socomore, AkzoNobel, Henkel, Liebherr, PPG Aerospace, UACJ Corporation, and Safran Tech.

Available from: 2023-11-06 Created: 2023-11-06 Last updated: 2023-11-16Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0001-5462-2700

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