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Svenson, P., Holst, A., Wallberg, A., Nevalainen, P., Farahnakian, F., Álamo, A., . . . Markkanen, M. (2024). AI-ARC Baltic Demo: Detecting Illegal Activities at Sea. In: FUSION 2024 - 27th International Conference on Information Fusion: . Paper presented at 27th International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2024. Venice. 7 July 2024 through 11 July 2024. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>AI-ARC Baltic Demo: Detecting Illegal Activities at Sea
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2024 (English)In: FUSION 2024 - 27th International Conference on Information Fusion, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

We describe the AI-ARC (Artificial Intelligence-based Virtual Control Room for the Arctic) system, which aims to enhance maritime domain awareness and surveillance. The system is micro-service based and fuses data from various sources, utilizing AI-driven micro-services and an advanced visualization platform to increase the situation awareness of maritime surveillance operators. The results of the Baltic sea demonstration, aiding in the detection of illegal activities, environmental protection, are presented. The system was evaluated using historical data from real criminal incidents. The resultsshow that the AI-ARC approach could help increase the situation awareness of law enforcement operators. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024
Keywords
Anomaly detection; Anomaly detection; Arctic system; Illegal activities; Infrastructure protection; Intent detection; Maritime domain awareness; Micro services; Situation awareness; Smuggling; Virtual control; Crime
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-76161 (URN)10.23919/FUSION59988.2024.10706447 (DOI)2-s2.0-85207691521 (Scopus ID)
Conference
27th International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2024. Venice. 7 July 2024 through 11 July 2024
Available from: 2024-11-28 Created: 2024-11-28 Last updated: 2024-11-28Bibliographically approved
Söderberg, K. & Svenson, P. (2024). Digital resiliens inom transportsektorn : En rapport om sektorns digitala systems resiliens och deras roll i och för samhället. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Digital resiliens inom transportsektorn : En rapport om sektorns digitala systems resiliens och deras roll i och för samhället
2024 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Denna rapport redovisar för hur den digitala resiliensen ser ut inom den svenska transportsektorn, med fokus på hur digitala system används, påverkar och skyddar sektorns funktioner. Rapporten är den tredje delen i en serie om digital resiliens i olika samhällssektorer.

Transportsektorn är en av de mest reglerade sektorerna i Sverige, med omfattande ansvar för att säkerställa tillgänglighet och säkerhet i transporter av människor och varor. Sektorn är också idag beroende av digitala system för bland annat trafikledning, navigering, schemaläggning och logistikhantering. System som möjliggör effektivisering och kvalité men som också kan innebära nya utmaningar kopplade till digital säkerhet och sårbarhet.

I rapporten går det att ta del av vikten av digital resiliens, förmågan hos digitala system att motstå, hantera och återhämta sig från störningar, för att upprätthålla sektorns funktionalitet även vid cyberattacker, tekniska fel eller andra typer av avbrott. Genom att analysera aktuella händelser, såsom ransomware-attacker och överbelastningsattacker mot transportsektorn, synliggör rapporten betydelsen av att bygga robusta och pålitliga digitala system. Transportsektorns digitalisering erbjuder möjligheter till innovation, såsom självkörande fordon, automatiserade logistiklösningar och nya säkerhetssystem. Samtidigt ökar kraven på säkerhet, vilket ställer sektorn inför utmaningar som beroende av utländsk teknik, brist på digital mognad, konservativa kulturer och komplexa regelverk för att nämna några.

Rapporten presenterar konkreta åtgärdsförslag för att stärka den digitala resiliensen. Vilka inkluderar exempelvis ökat samarbete mellan aktörer inom och utanför sektorn, satsningar på redundanta system och backup-lösningar, och kontinuerlig kompetensutveckling för att förbättra säkerhetsarbetet. Vidare föreslås även införandet av säkra testmiljöer, prioritering i upphandlingar och tydliga ansvarsfördelningar.

En samlad strategi för sektorn, som inkluderar långsiktiga investeringar i forskning och innovation, anses nödvändig för att säkerställa ett hållbart och säkert transportsystem. Genom att kombinera teknisk utveckling med strukturerade säkerhetsinsatser och ökat samarbete kan transportsektorn stärka sin förmåga att hantera framtida digitala risker och säkra sin samhällsviktiga funktion.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 2024. p. 25
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2024:89
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-76272 (URN)978-91-89971-54-7 (ISBN)
Available from: 2024-12-16 Created: 2024-12-16 Last updated: 2024-12-16Bibliographically approved
Anttila, M., Besker, T. & Svenson, P. (2024). Gender Aspects of Shared Mobility Services from a System of Systems Perspective. In: 2024 19th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSE 2024: . Paper presented at 19th International IEEE Conference on System of Systems Engineering, SoSE 2024. Tacoma. 23 June 2024 through 26 June 2024 (pp. 30-35). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Gender Aspects of Shared Mobility Services from a System of Systems Perspective
2024 (English)In: 2024 19th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSE 2024, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2024, p. 30-35Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

System of systems (SoS) are intended to solve problems, provide more effective services, and enable greater collaborative behaviour. For SoS operating within the mobility domain, where the usefulness of the SoS solution largely depends on how many people will use the SoS, it is necessary to consider if there are potential gender aspects of the user that may negatively impact the SoS usefulness. In this study, we present the results from a literature survey on gender aspects of the usage of new mobility solutions and use this to present a conceptual model for how gender affects SoS mobility usage and how SoS stakeholders can act to impact this influence.The literature survey identified several gender aspects of using new mobility solutions. These aspects can significantly impact the usefulness and utilisation of SoS within the mobility domain. The conceptual model developed from the survey findings highlights the importance of considering gender in SoS mobility usage. By understanding how gender influences the usage of such SoS, stakeholders can take action to address any potential negative impacts. This model provides a framework for designing more inclusive and user-friendly SoS solutions that cater to the needs and preferences of all users, regardless of gender. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024
Keywords
Collaborative behavior; Conceptual model; Gender analyze; Literature survey; Mobility service; Mobility solutions; Shared mobility service; System solution; System-of-systems; User friendly
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-75005 (URN)10.1109/SOSE62659.2024.10620938 (DOI)2-s2.0-85202145573 (Scopus ID)
Conference
19th International IEEE Conference on System of Systems Engineering, SoSE 2024. Tacoma. 23 June 2024 through 26 June 2024
Note

Vinnova, Sweden's innovation agency, funded this research under grant no. 2019-05100. 

Available from: 2024-09-09 Created: 2024-09-09 Last updated: 2024-09-09Bibliographically approved
Pettersson, M. N., Axelsson, J., Johansson, A. & Svenson, P. (2024). Risk Analysis for System of Systems Management: The Swedish COVID-19 Management Case. In: SysCon 2024 - 18th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference, Proceedings: . Paper presented at 18th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference, SysCon 2024. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Risk Analysis for System of Systems Management: The Swedish COVID-19 Management Case
2024 (English)In: SysCon 2024 - 18th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference, Proceedings, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) , 2024Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

A socio-technical system of systems (SoS) is a collaboration of independently operated and managed systems. These constituent systems join the SoS to work together for a common goal: to achieve positive emergent behaviors such as greater capability, efficiency, resource utilization, reliability, and robustness. To achieve such a goal, an SoS needs to be well-managed with mitigation plans for all system risks. However, existing risk management strategies were developed for individual, non-integrated systems and are therefore inadequate for use with SoS. This paper uses the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden as a case study for exploring risk analysis for SoS management. We performed a risk analysis of this SoS based on STAMP (System-Theoretical Accident Model and Processes), an existing method from the safety domain, as part of developing a preliminary risk analysis process for practitioners. Preliminary results reveal that extended SoS structures, uncertainty-driven decision-making, emerging behavior, and changes in trust, policy, and legislation pose significant challenges. The study’s contribution is that our findings provide a knowledge base to act as a guide for risk management of SoS. Applying a method for safety analysis to crisis management also extends the body of knowledge on methods for SoS risk analysis. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2024
Keywords
Decision making; Knowledge based systems; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Risk management; Safety engineering; System of systems; Crisis management; Emergent behaviours; Resources utilizations; Risks management; Sociotechnical systems; Swedishs; System of system management; System risk; System-of-systems; Systems management; COVID-19
National Category
Computer Systems
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-74700 (URN)10.1109/SysCon61195.2024.10553576 (DOI)2-s2.0-85197335985 (Scopus ID)
Conference
18th Annual IEEE International Systems Conference, SysCon 2024
Funder
Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, 2021-13694
Note

This study was funded by the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) under grant no. 2021-13694.

Available from: 2024-08-09 Created: 2024-08-09 Last updated: 2024-08-09Bibliographically approved
Pettersson, M. N., Axelsson, J., Johansson, A. & Svenson, P. (2024). Systems of Systems Management and Governance from a Risk-Handling Perspective. In: 2024 19th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSE 2024: . Paper presented at 19th International IEEE Conference on System of Systems Engineering, SoSE 2024. Tacoma. 23 June 2024 through 26 June 2024 (pp. 18-23). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Systems of Systems Management and Governance from a Risk-Handling Perspective
2024 (English)In: 2024 19th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SoSE 2024, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2024, p. 18-23Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Managing a system can be critical for its successful functioning. This is especially crucial for the socio-technical systems of systems (SoS) that characterize many of modern society’s critical operations. However, the management of SoS becomes complex as systems are increasingly interconnected and the dependence among connected systems intensifies. This paper explores the current state of the art on SoS management and governance from a risk management perspective. Our findings show a higher focus on SoS management; however, many studies do not holistically deal with the SoS. Moreover, our findings indicate fewer studies in SoS governance. Hence there is still a research gap. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by adding insight into how risk management fits in these domains and provides direction on the possible areas of mitigating risks.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024
Keywords
’current; Connected systems; Critical operations; Governance; Risk handling; Risks management; Sociotechnical systems; State of the art; System-of-systems; Systems management; Risk management
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-75032 (URN)10.1109/SOSE62659.2024.10620940 (DOI)2-s2.0-85202189415 (Scopus ID)979-8-3503-6591-7 (ISBN)
Conference
19th International IEEE Conference on System of Systems Engineering, SoSE 2024. Tacoma. 23 June 2024 through 26 June 2024
Note

The Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency (MSB) providedfunding for this study under grant number 2021-13694.

Available from: 2024-09-05 Created: 2024-09-05 Last updated: 2024-09-05Bibliographically approved
Besker, T., Svenson, P., Ranjbar, Z., Vos, C. & Einarsson, J. (2024). T.AI.TRÄ Trollhättan stads - AI-baserade Trädinventering. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>T.AI.TRÄ Trollhättan stads - AI-baserade Trädinventering
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2024 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

T.AI.TRÄ-projektet syftade till att förbättra hantering och inventering av träd inom kommunal verksamhet genom AI och ML-teknik. Genom att använda AI-drivna system kan man automatisera och effektivisera arbetsprocesser som tidigare har varit resurskrävande och tidsödande. Projektet hade särskilt fokus på att utveckla ett digital AI-baserat verktyg som samlar in, analyserar och visualiserar träddata från olika kommunala (redan befintliga) datakällor. Genom att implementera denna lösning i Trollhättans Stads kommunala verksamhet, kan man på ett mer effektivt sätt hantera stadens trädbestånd. Den nya tekniken ger också möjlighet att bättre förstå trädens ekologiska värde samt deras påverkan på stadsmiljön och klimatet. Projektet har inneburit ett nära samarbete mellan olika experter, inklusive AI-utvecklare, GIS-ingenjörer, forskare och domänexperter inom ekologi och stadsplanering. Dessutom har vi arbetat med att säkerställa att data som används och delas inom projektet är tillförlitlig och följer gällande lagstiftning, vilket är särskilt viktigt när man hanterar potensiellt känslig information. En annan viktig aspekt av T.AI.TRÄ-projektet var att främja organisatoriskt lärande inom Trollhättans Stad. Genom att introducera AI och nya digitala verktyg har personalen fått möjlighet att utveckla sin tekniska kompetens och förståelse för hur AI kan användas för att stödja och förbättra beslut inom stadsplanering och miljöförvaltning. Detta lärande har inte bara stärkt kommunens kapacitet att hantera träd på ett effektivt sätt, utan också lagt grunden för framtida AI-baserade projekt inom andra områden. Genom kontinuerlig utbildning och erfarenhetsutbyte har kommunen byggt upp en värdefull kunskapsbas som kan användas för att optimera verksamheten och anpassa sig till framtidens utmaningar. Genom att kombinera teknisk innovation med djupgående kunskap om trädens roll i vår miljö, hoppas vi slutligen att detta projekt kommer att bidra till en mer hållbar och effektiv trädhantering i framtiden.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 2024. p. 43
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2024:61
National Category
Forest Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-75990 (URN)978-91-89971-22-6 (ISBN)
Note

Vinnova d.nr. 2023–00279

Available from: 2024-10-21 Created: 2024-10-21 Last updated: 2024-10-21Bibliographically approved
Pettersson, M. N., Axelsson, J., Svenson, P. & Johansson, A. (2023). Towards a Risk Analysis Method for Systems of Systems: A Case Study on Wildfire Rescue Operations. In: Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference: . Paper presented at 20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference, ISCRAM 2023; Conference date: 28 May 2023 through 31 May 2023 (pp. 530-545). Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Towards a Risk Analysis Method for Systems of Systems: A Case Study on Wildfire Rescue Operations
2023 (English)In: Proceedings of the International ISCRAM Conference, Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM , 2023, p. 530-545Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Crisis management (CM) is facing new challenges due to the increasing complexity of contemporary society. To mitigate a crisis, it is often necessary for a collection of independent systems, people, and organizations to cooperate. These collaborating entities constitute an interconnected socio-technical system of systems (SoS). An important question is how a CM SoS should be constructed to minimize the risk of failure and accurately handle a crisis. SoS pose new challenges in analysing risk during interactions. This paper investigates whether the risk analysis method STAMP (System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes) is suitable for SoS, using a forest fire rescue operation case study. Results show characteristics of various risk sources and identify some SoS characteristics, such as dynamic structure and latent risks, that are not sufficiently handled in STAMP. The study further contributes to the body of knowledge by presenting potential directions for research on SoS risk assessment methods.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management, ISCRAM, 2023
Keywords
Fire hazards; Fires; Information management; Information systems; Information use; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Accident models; Case-studies; Crisis management; Independent systems; Management IS; Rescue operations; Risk analysis methods; System-of-systems; System-theoretic accident model and process; Wildfire; Deforestation
National Category
Civil Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-68052 (URN)2-s2.0-85171730215 (Scopus ID)
Conference
20th Global Information Systems for Crisis Response and Management Conference, ISCRAM 2023; Conference date: 28 May 2023 through 31 May 2023
Available from: 2023-11-23 Created: 2023-11-23 Last updated: 2023-11-23Bibliographically approved
Svenson, P., Olsson, T. & Axelsson, J. (2022). Constituent Systems Quality Requirements Engineering in Co-opetitive Systems of Systems. In: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022: . Paper presented at 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022, 7 June 2022 through 11 June 2022 (pp. 347-352). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Constituent Systems Quality Requirements Engineering in Co-opetitive Systems of Systems
2022 (English)In: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022, p. 347-352Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Systems of systems consist of independently owned, operated, and developed constituent systems that work together for mutual benefit. Co-opetitive systems of systems consist of constituent systems that in addition also compete. In this paper, we focus on quality requirement engineering for a constituent systems developer in such SoS. We discuss the needs and requirements of a structured quality requirements engineering process, with examples taken from the transportation domain, and find that there is a need for mediators and agreements between constituent systems developers to enable quality data exchange. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022
Keywords
collaborative systems of systems, Quality requirements engineering, Electronic data interchange, System of systems, Collaborative system of system, Collaborative systems, Mutual benefit, Quality requirement engineering, Quality requirements, Requirement engineering, Requirement engineering process, System developers, System quality, System-of-systems, Requirements engineering
National Category
Human Aspects of ICT
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-60074 (URN)10.1109/SOSE55472.2022.9812663 (DOI)2-s2.0-85135124475 (Scopus ID)9781665496230 (ISBN)
Conference
17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022, 7 June 2022 through 11 June 2022
Note

Funding details: VINNOVA, 2019-05100; Funding text 1: This research was funded by Vinnova (Sweden’s innovation agency), grant no. 2019-05100.

Available from: 2022-09-05 Created: 2022-09-05 Last updated: 2023-05-22Bibliographically approved
Svenson, P. & Axelsson, J. (2022). Initiation and Formation of Constellations in Systems of Systems. In: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022: . Paper presented at 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022, 7 June 2022 through 11 June 2022 (pp. 340-345). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Initiation and Formation of Constellations in Systems of Systems
2022 (English)In: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022, p. 340-345Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Systems of systems engineering is aimed at developing solutions that provide the capability to fulfil a need that cannot be met by an integrated system. In many SoS, there is a need to solve several tasks at the same time. Each set of constituent systems that collaborate to solve such a task is a constellation. In this paper, we discuss the process of forming such constellations. We focus on collaborative systems of systems and describe conceptual models for the formation of constellations. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022
Keywords
capability, constellation, mission, systems of systems, transport, Collaborative systems, Conceptual model, Developing solutions, Integrated systems, System of systems engineering, System-of-systems, System of systems
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-60072 (URN)10.1109/SOSE55472.2022.9812675 (DOI)2-s2.0-85135128184 (Scopus ID)9781665496230 (ISBN)
Conference
17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022, 7 June 2022 through 11 June 2022
Note

Funding details: VINNOVA, 2019-05100; Funding text 1: This research was funded by Vinnova (Sweden’s innovation agency), grant no. 2019-05100.

Available from: 2022-09-05 Created: 2022-09-05 Last updated: 2023-05-22Bibliographically approved
Axelsson, J. & Svenson, P. (2022). On the Concepts of Capability and Constituent System Independence in Systems-of-Systems. In: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022: . Paper presented at 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022, 7 June 2022 through 11 June 2022 (pp. 247-252). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>On the Concepts of Capability and Constituent System Independence in Systems-of-Systems
2022 (English)In: 2022 17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022, p. 247-252Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Systems-of-systems are designed to provide a capability that their constituent systems cannot achieve individually. A key property is that the constituent systems have some degree of operational and managerial independence. The concepts of capability and independence are thus central to the field of systems-of-systems. Yet the contemporary literature and standards only give vague definitions of these terms. This vagueness is a barrier to progress in the field, and this paper aims at contributing with a more detailed conceptualization. It describes a system capability as a state-transforming process that uses certain resources. Independence means that the system has a choice about when and how its capabilities should be activated. This requires that the system is an intelligent agent with a notion of utility, a perception of the world around it, and a decision-making capability. When given a mission, the system can complete that mission by activating appropriate combinations of capabilities. A system-of-systems can decompose its mission into parts that correspond to the capabilities of various constituent systems.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022
Keywords
capability, constellation, independence, mission, system-of-systems, Decision making, Intelligent agents, Decisions makings, Property, System capabilities, System of systems
National Category
Business Administration
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-60075 (URN)10.1109/SOSE55472.2022.9812682 (DOI)2-s2.0-85135118603 (Scopus ID)9781665496230 (ISBN)
Conference
17th Annual System of Systems Engineering Conference, SOSE 2022, 7 June 2022 through 11 June 2022
Note

 Funding details: VINNOVA; Funding details: Stiftelsen för Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling, KKS, 20200230; Funding text 1: grant no. 2019-05100 and the Knowledge Foundation, grant no. 20200230.; Funding text 2: This research was funded by Vinnova (Sweden’s innovation agency),

Available from: 2022-09-05 Created: 2022-09-05 Last updated: 2023-05-22Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-0406-5229

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