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Publications (10 of 10) Show all publications
Klüss, J., Meisner, J., Havunen, J., Yan, W. & Hällström, J. (2024). Influence of selected methodology on derived rise time of partial discharge calibrators. In: : . Paper presented at 2024 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Applications (ICHVE). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Influence of selected methodology on derived rise time of partial discharge calibrators
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2024 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

IEC60270 has recently undergone revision, but the scope for performance tests on calibrators remains largely the same. Three methods are applicable for determination of partial discharge (PD) calibrator charge and risetime numerical integration, passive integration, and active integration. The suitability of each method for determination of charge has been evaluated in EURAMET.EM-S36 Comparison of Partial Discharge Calibrators and is documented in its associated report. However, due to the infeasibility of deriving a comparison reference value for rise time, this metric is omitted from the comparison. Reasons for widely diverging results for rise time derivation are discussed in this paper. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2024
Keywords
Calibration, Active integration, IEC 60270, Numerical integrations, Partial discharge calibrator, Passive integration, Passive/active, Performance tests, Reference values, Risetimes, Integration
National Category
Control Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-76040 (URN)10.1109/ICHVE61955.2024.10676201 (DOI)2-s2.0-85205694039 (Scopus ID)979-8-3503-7498-8 (ISBN)979-8-3503-7498-8 (ISBN)
Conference
2024 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Applications (ICHVE)
Available from: 2024-10-31 Created: 2024-10-31 Last updated: 2025-01-24Bibliographically approved
Garnacho, F., Álvarez, F., Elg, A. P., Mier, C., Lahti, K., Khamlichi, A., . . . Haider, M. (2023). Metrological Qualification of PD Analysers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids. Sensors, 23(14), Article ID 6317.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Metrological Qualification of PD Analysers for Insulation Diagnosis of HVDC and HVAC Grids
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2023 (English)In: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 23, no 14, article id 6317Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

On-site partial discharge (PD) measurements have turned out to be a very efficient technique for determining the insulation condition in high-voltage electrical grids (AIS, cable systems, GIS, HVDC converters, etc.); however, there is not any standardised procedure for determining the performances of PD measuring systems. In on-line and on-site PD measurements, high-frequency current transformers (HFCTs) are commonly used as sensors as they allow for monitoring over long distances in high-voltage installations. To ensure the required performances, a metrological qualification of the PD analysers by applying an evaluation procedure is necessary. A novel evaluation procedure was established to specify the quantities to be measured (electrical charge and PD repetition rate) and to describe the evaluation tests considering the measured influence parameters: noise, charge amplitude, pulse width and time interval between consecutive pulses. This procedure was applied to different types of PD analysers used for off-line measurements, sporadic on-line measurements and continuous PD monitoring. The procedure was validated in a round-robin test involving two metrological institutes (RISE from Sweden and FFII from Spain) and three universities (TUDelft from the Netherlands, TAU from Finland and UPM from Spain). With this round-robin test, the effectiveness of the proposed qualification procedure for discriminating between efficient and inappropriate PD analysers was demonstrated. Furthermore, it was shown that the PD charge quantity can be properly determined for on-line measurements and continuous monitoring by integrating the pulse signals acquired with HFCT sensors. In this case, these sensors must have a flat frequency spectrum in the range between several tens of kHz and at least two tens of MHz, where the frequency pulse content is more significant. The proposed qualification procedure can be useful for improving the future versions of the technical specification TS IEC 62478 and the standard IEC 60270. © 2023 by the authors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023
Keywords
cable insulation, condition monitoring, GIS, HVDC–HVAC transmission and distribution grids, insulation testing, off-line measurement, on-line measurement, partial discharges, qualification procedure, standardisation, Cable sheathing, HVDC power transmission, Insulation, Pulse repetition rate, Standardization, Distribution grid, HVAC transmissions, HVDC–HVAC transmission and distribution grid, Line measurements, Transmission and distribution, Transmission grids
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-65682 (URN)10.3390/s23146317 (DOI)2-s2.0-85166031162 (Scopus ID)
Note

The research presented in this paper has received funding from the project 19ENG02 FutureEnergy of the EMPIR programme, co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

Available from: 2023-08-10 Created: 2023-08-10 Last updated: 2024-03-03Bibliographically approved
Vera, C., Garnacho, F., Klüss, J., Mier, C., Álvarez, F., Lahti, K., . . . Squicciarini, A. (2023). Validation of a Qualification Procedure Applied to the Verification of Partial Discharge Analysers Used for HVDC or HVAC Networks. Applied Sciences, 13(14), Article ID 8214.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Validation of a Qualification Procedure Applied to the Verification of Partial Discharge Analysers Used for HVDC or HVAC Networks
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2023 (English)In: Applied Sciences, E-ISSN 2076-3417, Vol. 13, no 14, article id 8214Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The insulation condition of HVDC grids consisting of cable systems, GIS, and converters should be monitored by partial discharge (PD) analysers using artificial intelligence (AI) tools for efficient insulation diagnosis. Although there are many experiences of PD monitoring solutions developed for the supervision of the insulation condition of HVAC grids using PD analysers, there are no standardised requirements for their qualification available yet. The international technical specification TS IEC 62478 provides general rules for PD measurements using electromagnetic methods but does not define performance requirements for qualification tests. HVDC and HVAC PD analysers must be tested by unambiguous test procedures. This paper compiles experiences of using PD analysers with HFCT sensors in HVAC grids (cable systems, GIS, and AIS) to define a qualification procedure for HVAC systems. This procedure is applicable to HVDC grids (cable systems, GIS, AIS, and converters) because the particularities related to the insulation behaviour under HVDC voltage are also considered. Representative PD sources are discussed in HVAC and HVDC positive and negative polarity. The PD pulse trend of representative insulation defects in HVDC cable systems is quite different from that of HVAC grids. Special attention should be paid to the acquisition of PD signals in HVDC grids since few pulses appear in solid insulations, mainly during voltage changes (polarity reversals or surges), but rarely in continuous operation with constant direct voltage. A synthetic PD simulator has been developed to reproduce trains of PD pulses or noise signals, similar to those that can appear in the power network. A set of three functionality tests has been developed for qualification of the diagnostic capabilities of PD analysers working up to 30 MHz addressed to HVDC or HVAC grids: (1) PD recognition test, (2) PD clustering test, and (3) PD location test. This qualification procedure has been validated by means of a round-robin test performed by five research institutes (RISE, FFII, TUDelft, TAU, and UPM) using commercial and in-development AI PD recognition and clustering tools to demonstrate its robustness and applicability. Applying this qualification procedure, two PD methods for electrical detection and prevention of insulation defects have been approved, one for HVAC and the other for HVDC grids. © 2023 by the authors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2023
Keywords
converters, GIS, HVDC and HVAC cable system, insulation diagnosis, qualification procedure, standardisation
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-65996 (URN)10.3390/app13148214 (DOI)2-s2.0-85166181113 (Scopus ID)
Note

This project 19ENG02 FutureEnergy has received funding from the EMPIR programme co-financed by the Participating States and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programm

Available from: 2023-08-23 Created: 2023-08-23 Last updated: 2024-03-03Bibliographically approved
Rostaghi-Chalaki, M., Yousefpour, K., Klüss, J., Kurum, M., Donohoe, J. P. & Park, C. (2021). Classification and comparison of AC and DC partial discharges by pulse waveform analysis. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 125, Article ID 106518.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Classification and comparison of AC and DC partial discharges by pulse waveform analysis
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2021 (English)In: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, ISSN 0142-0615, E-ISSN 1879-3517, Vol. 125, article id 106518Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This study aims to classify and compare AC and DC partial discharge (PD) based on PD pulse waveform analysis. To achieve this goal, we designed a testbed that enables precise measurements of individual PD pulses. The testbed is used for collecting data from four different types of PDs including cavity, surface, corona, and floating potential discharges generated by individual PD source samples. All samples were examined under AC, positive DC, and negative DC electrical stresses, through which we captured thousands of PD pulses. We classify the waveforms of each PD type into representative groups associated to their discharge mechanisms. The statistical data of the measured pulses are utilized to identify the differences between AC and DC PDs while the clustered patterns of PD amplitude versus their temporal characteristics serve as a means to classify the types of PDs under AC and DC electrical stresses.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2021
Keywords
Cavity discharge, Corona discharge, Floating potential discharge, Individual PD waveform, Partial discharge, Surface discharge, Time resolved information, Surface discharges, Testbeds, Waveform analysis, DC electrical, Discharge mechanisms, Floating potentials, Precise measurements, Pulse-waveform analysis, Statistical datas, Temporal characteristics, Wave forms, Partial discharges
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-49459 (URN)10.1016/j.ijepes.2020.106518 (DOI)2-s2.0-85091672911 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2020-10-21 Created: 2020-10-21 Last updated: 2023-05-23Bibliographically approved
Kluss, J., Elg, A. P. & Wingqvist, C. (2021). High-Frequency Current Transformer Design and Implementation Considerations for Wideband Partial Discharge Applications. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 70, Article ID 6003809.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>High-Frequency Current Transformer Design and Implementation Considerations for Wideband Partial Discharge Applications
2021 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, ISSN 0018-9456, E-ISSN 1557-9662, Vol. 70, article id 6003809Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

High-frequency current transformers are popular noninvasive inductive wideband sensors. Despite simplicity in design and operational principle, implementation of such sensors for partial discharge applications requires careful consideration, particularly in the higher frequency range where traveling wave attenuation and distortion is relevant. First, the role of design variables, including core materials, winding design, and shielding practices on sensor sensitivity and frequency characteristics (transfer impedance) are presented. Next, the suitability of the constructed sensors for partial discharge applications is assessed. The designed wideband sensors are suitable for laboratory applications with standard measurement circuits and controlled conditions. The low-level magnitude and frequency spectrum of the discharge pulses hinders signal integrity in relation to the placement of the sensors within the measurement circuit, signal amplification, and pulse repetition rate (pulse resolution). To enable most stringent detection levels under 1 pC, efforts are needed in distortionless amplifier design and interference mitigation. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2021
Keywords
Apertures, Current measurement, current transformers, frequency-domain analysis, high-voltage techniques, partial discharge measurement, Partial discharges, Sensitivity, time-domain analysis, Voltage measurement, Wideband
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-52227 (URN)10.1109/TIM.2021.3052002 (DOI)2-s2.0-85099723741 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-02-05 Created: 2021-02-05 Last updated: 2023-05-23Bibliographically approved
Lin, W., Wang, Y., Aider, Y., Rostaghi-Chalaki, M., Yousefpour, K., Kluss, J., . . . Hu, W. (2020). Analysis of damage modes of glass fiber composites subjected to simulated lightning strike impulse voltage puncture and direct high voltage AC puncture. Journal of composite materials, 54(26), 4067-4080
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Analysis of damage modes of glass fiber composites subjected to simulated lightning strike impulse voltage puncture and direct high voltage AC puncture
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2020 (English)In: Journal of composite materials, ISSN 0021-9983, E-ISSN 1530-793X, Vol. 54, no 26, p. 4067-4080Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Understanding the damage mechanisms of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite materials under high voltage conditions is of great significance for lightning strike protection and high voltage insulation applications of composite structures. In this paper, we investigated effects of the lightning impulse (LI) voltage and high voltage alternating current (HVAC) puncture on damage modes of the electrically nonconductive glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) matrix composite materials through experimental tests and numerical simulations. The LI and HVAC tests represent the lightning strike and high voltage insulation cable puncture conditions, respectively. Our experimental examinations showed that GFRP composite specimens subjected to the LI voltage test exhibited distinct damage modes compared with those in the HVAC puncture test. The GFRP composite material suffered more charring and fiber vaporization in the HVAC puncture test, whereas less matrix charring and fiber vaporization but severe fiber breakage and delamination in response to the LI voltage tests. The findings indicate that the thermal effect dominates the damage of GFRP composites inflicted by the HVAC puncture test, whereas the mechanical impact effect governs the GFRP composite damage in the LI voltage test. In addition, the electric arc plasma formation during the puncture of the GFRP composite material was modeled through solving Maxwell’s equations and the heat generation equations using finite element analysis. Simulation results provided insights on the effects of duration and intensity of the high voltage electric discharge on the composite damage. © The Author(s) 2020.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SAGE Publications Ltd, 2020
Keywords
damage mechanism, glass fiber epoxy composites, high voltage test, Lightning strike, lightning voltage waveform
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-45110 (URN)10.1177/0021998320927736 (DOI)2-s2.0-85085344805 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2020-06-25 Created: 2020-06-25 Last updated: 2023-05-23Bibliographically approved
Klüss, J. & Elg, A. P. (2020). Challenges Associated with Implementation of HFCTs for Partial Discharge Measurements. In: 2020 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM): . Paper presented at 2020 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Challenges Associated with Implementation of HFCTs for Partial Discharge Measurements
2020 (English)In: 2020 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM), 2020Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The stochastic nature of partial discharge (PD) and the inability to directly detect charge displacement makes representative measurement of such events very challenging. High frequency current transformers (HFCTs) have been favored among sensors due to their non-invasiveness and wide bandwidth. Although simple in design, HFCTs for PD measurements need careful consideration to ensure suitability for their intended environment and task. Traditional phase resolved partial discharge analysis (PRPDA) does not impose strenuous requirements for measurements systems as pertinent analysis can be extracted from peak magnitude and power frequency phase information. However, detailed assessment examining waveform parameters from individual discharge pulses (such as DC PD) requires higher bandwidth, sensitivity, and noise suppression, as well as a clear understanding of the measurements system's influence on observed phenomena.

Keywords
Partial discharges, Current measurement, Sensors, Partial discharge measurement, Voltage measurement, Current transformers, Sensitivity, measurement, measurement techniques, magnetic sensors
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-49106 (URN)10.1109/CPEM49742.2020.9191781 (DOI)
Conference
2020 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM)
Available from: 2020-10-15 Created: 2020-10-15 Last updated: 2023-05-23Bibliographically approved
Rostaghi-Chalaki, M., Yousefpour, K., Donohoe, P., Kurum, M., Park, C. & Kluss, J. (2020). Design of Transmission Line and Electromagnetic Field Sensors for DC Partial Discharge Analysis. IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation, 27(6), 2138-2146, Article ID 9293244.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Design of Transmission Line and Electromagnetic Field Sensors for DC Partial Discharge Analysis
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2020 (English)In: IEEE transactions on dielectrics and electrical insulation, ISSN 1070-9878, E-ISSN 1558-4135, Vol. 27, no 6, p. 2138-2146, article id 9293244Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this paper, a testbed is designed and constructed for the investigation of DC PD pulses. The testbed is equipped with a $50\ \Omega$ transmission line (TL) that terminate to an oscilloscope for measuring the charge displacement current generated by PD pulses. Besides the oscilloscope measurements, two types of electromagnetic field sensors (D-dot and B-dot) were developed to capture the EM fields of the PD pulses propagating through the TL. The main goal of this paper is to investigate the DC PD pulses through the EM fields and the corresponding discharge current pulses that are considered as calibrating signals for the developed D-dot and B-dot sensors. The results of DC cavity discharge measured by the constructed testbed and the EM field sensors demonstrate close agreement with the reference PD pulses measured via oscilloscope.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2020
Keywords
electromagnetic fields sensors, individual PD pulse analysis, partial discharge, time resolved PD, transmission line, Cathode ray oscilloscopes, Electric lines, Electromagnetic fields, Testbeds, Cavity discharge, Charge displacement, Discharge current pulse, Electromagnetic field sensors, EM field, Partial discharge analysis, PD pulse, Partial discharges
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-51264 (URN)10.1109/TDEI.2020.009003 (DOI)2-s2.0-85097946488 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-01-11 Created: 2021-01-11 Last updated: 2023-05-23Bibliographically approved
Klüss, J., Hällström, J. & Elg, A. P. (2015). Optimization of field grading for a 1000 KV wide-band voltage divider (ed.). Journal of Electrostatics, 73, 140-150
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Optimization of field grading for a 1000 KV wide-band voltage divider
2015 (English)In: Journal of Electrostatics, ISSN 0304-3886, E-ISSN 1873-5738, Vol. 73, p. 140-150Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

An HVDC reference voltage divider has been designed for high accuracy and wide-band measurements up to 1000 kV. To maintain wide-band characteristics, field distribution must be optimized in order to minimize the response time of the divider. To compensate the stray capacitance, a capacitive path that surrounds the resistive reference divider is added to function as a shield. Optimal capacitance values producing a matched distribution are obtained using 3D FEM simulations. Factors affecting the performance of the divider are assessed by simulating multiple scenarios representing different practical considerations in real-life applications.

Keywords
HVDC transmission, Electromagnetic fields, Finite element methods, Voltage dividers, Voltage measurement
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-6813 (URN)10.1016/j.elstat.2014.11.005 (DOI)2-s2.0-84914163767 (Scopus ID)23607 (Local ID)23607 (Archive number)23607 (OAI)
Available from: 2016-09-08 Created: 2016-09-08 Last updated: 2023-05-23Bibliographically approved
Hällström, J., Bergman, A., Dedeoğlu, S., Elg, A. P., Houtzager, E., Klüss, J., . . . Weber, C. (2015). Performance of a Modular Wideband HVDC Reference Divider for Voltages up to 1000 kV. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 64(6), 1390-1397, Article ID 7063966.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Performance of a Modular Wideband HVDC Reference Divider for Voltages up to 1000 kV
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2015 (English)In: IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, ISSN 0018-9456, E-ISSN 1557-9662, Vol. 64, no 6, p. 1390-1397, article id 7063966Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

This paper describes the design and performance of a modular wideband high-voltage dc (HVDC) reference divider with a ratio uncertainty of less than 0.005% at 1000 kV. The divider has a maximum nominal voltage of 1000 kV when five 200-kV modules are stacked on top of each other. The divider is used for traceable calibration of HVDC measuring systems in customers' laboratories. The first priority in the design was the accuracy of HVDC measurements. In addition, the divider was designed to have wide bandwidth, both to enable measurement of ripple voltages and to prevent damage during possible flashovers.

Keywords
High-voltage dc (HVDC) transmission, high-voltage techniques, measurement standards, uncertainty, voltage dividers, HVDC power transmission, Uncertainty analysis, High voltage DC (HVDC), High voltage dc (HVDC) transmissions, High voltage techniques, Measuring systems, Nominal voltage, Traceable calibration
National Category
Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-32452 (URN)10.1109/TIM.2015.2408795 (DOI)2-s2.0-85028224921 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2017-11-03 Created: 2017-11-03 Last updated: 2023-05-23Bibliographically approved
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ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-8581-012x

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