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Ulinder, E., Cornelis, G., Lindhe, A., Sylwan, I., Dahlberg, A.-K., Wiberg, K., . . . Sindhöj, E. (2025). Filtermaterial i markbaserade avloppsanläggningar: Hållbara alternativ till naturgrus. Bromma
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Filtermaterial i markbaserade avloppsanläggningar: Hållbara alternativ till naturgrus
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2025 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [sv]

Det filtermaterial som används i markbaserade avloppsanläggningar, avsedda för rening av hushållsspillvatten, utgörs traditionellt av naturgrus. Kring hälften av de små avloppsanläggningarna i Sverige bedöms vara markbaserade anläggningar. Samtidigt finns en målsättning om att minska det nationella naturgrusuttaget, och det är inte tillåtet att etablera en naturgrustäkt om det är tekniskt möjligt och ekonomiskt rimligt att använda ett alternativt material. Detta med anledning av att naturgrus betraktas som en ändlig resurs av stor betydelse för Sveriges dricksvatten försörjning, med tanke på naturgrusförekomsters förmåga att lagra vatten och potential att därmed utgöra vattentäkter. Detta projekt har syftat till att identifiera material som skulle kunna ersätta naturgrus som filtermaterial i markbaserade avloppsanläggningar, samt att bedöma teknisk funktionalitet och hållbarhet hos dessa alternativa material. Bedömningen av hållbarhet har delats in i miljömässiga, ekonomiska och sociala aspekter. Projektets huvudsakliga frågeställningar var:

1. Vilka material har högst potential som hållbara filtermaterial i markbaserade avloppsanläggningar?

2. Vilka ytterligare studier behövs för att bättre kunna utvärdera respektive materials potential samt optimera användningen av dessa material som filtermaterial?

Inledningsvis identifierades 35 potentiella filtermaterial, baserat på erfarenhet hos projektgruppen men också genom inhämtning av förslag från externa parter och litteratursökningar. För att avgränsa studiens omfång beslutades att sju filtermaterial skulle väljas ut för vidare undersökningar, här benämnda djupstudie. Urvalet av material till djupstudien gjordes baserat på hur mycket litteraturdata som fanns tillgänglig rörande respektive material. Bedömning av mängden tillgängliga litteraturdata baserades på litteratursökning via den vetenskapliga databasen Scopus, där artiklar som inkluderade tema avloppsrening samt filtrering söktes ut (1 529 artiklar identifierades). Urvalet av de sju filtermaterialen baserades också på om det gick att hitta en expert som kunde ställa upp och svara på frågor gällande respektive material. Experterna var viktiga för projektet då det bedömdes vara svårt att få fram heltäckande information om respektive material och hållbarhetsaspekt enbart via litteraturkällor. Den litteratur som sökts fram användes som databas för att undersöka filtermaterialens tekniska funktionalitet med avseende på reningseffektivitet (för organiskt material, fosfor, kväve, metaller, bakterier och virus samt organiska mikroföroreningar). För att bedöma materialens potential med avseende på övriga kriterier utfördes ytterligare riktade informationssökningar via vetenskapliga databaser samt bredare sökmotorer (för att finna ”grå” litteratur och andra rapporterade erfarenheter). Dessutom hölls workshops och intervjuer med de experter som identifierats.8NATURVÅRDSVERKET RAPPORT 7160Filtermaterial i markbaserade avloppsanläggningar – Hållbara alternativ till naturgrusDe sju material som valdes ut för djupstudien var:

• Ballast från tvättade schaktmassor

• Bark

• Bergkross

• Biokol

• Däckklipp

• Krossad betong

• Grov morän

Bedömningen av materialen skedde genom multikriterieanalys (MKA). MKA är en väletablerad beslutsstödsmetod som används då olika beslutsalternativ, i detta fall val av filtermaterial, utvärderas med avseende på ett flertal aspekter och syftet är att kunna ge en sammanfattande helhetsbild över alternativens för- och nackdelar. Då de alternativ som ska jämföras i MKA:n har identifierats följer beslut om vilka aspekter, det vill säga kriterier, som ska ingå i analysen. Sedan görs en bedömning av respektive material utifrån respektive kriterium. I detta fall definierades totalt 19 olika kriterier, vilket betyder att totalt 133 individuella bedömningar gjordes (=19 kriterier × 7 material). Varje bedömning länkades även till en osäkerhetsbedömning för att belysa vilka aspekter som bedöms vara i störst behov av ytterligare utredning. För att räkna fram en totalbedömning av respektive materialräknades poängen för de 19 kriterierna samman till ett slutresultat. Innan dess genomförde dock projektgruppen, med bidrag från projektets referensgrupp, en viktning av de individuella kriterierna, där vissa kriterier bedömdes ha större betydelse än andra för materialens sammantagna hållbarhet. Sammantaget resulterade bedömningarna i att alla material förutom biokol bedöms kunna ha likvärdig eller högre hållbarhet än naturgrus. Att biokol fick ett sämre poäng är framför allt förknippat med att detta material i dagsläget bedöms kosta betydligt mer än naturgrus. Samtliga material har både för- och nackdelar jämfört med naturgrus – ur olika aspekter beroende på material. Det gör att det högsta totalpoäng som tilldelats ett material (0,35 poäng för bark) är betydligt lägre än det teoretiskt möjliga maxpoänget (3 poäng). Att flera material förefaller ha högre potential än naturgrus tycks lovande för framtiden. En viktig sak att påpeka är dock att denna studie inte har haft till syfte att fastställa vilka material som bör godkännas för faktisk tillämpning i markbaserade anläggningar. För verklig til -lämpning bedöms de flesta materialen behöva genomgå ytterligare granskning, bland annat med avseende på:

• Modifieringar för att anpassa materialen för aktuell tillämpning.

• Efterföljande utvärdering av materialens långsiktiga reningsförmåga.

• Hur sammansättning (t.ex. kornstorleksfördelning) och riskminimering (läckage av t.ex. organiska mikroföroreningar) inför användning/försäljning av materialen ska fastställas.

Dessutom finns behov av att utreda den regionala tillgången på material inom olika landsdelar

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Bromma: , 2025. p. 143
Series
NATURVÅRDSVERKET RAPPORT, ISSN 0282-7298 ; 7160
Keywords
Filtermaterial, markbaserade avloppsanläggning, naturgrus, små avlopp, BOD rening
National Category
Environmental Management
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-78299 (URN)978-91-620-7160-8 (ISBN)
Projects
Finansierad av Naturvårdsverket
Funder
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, GD-2022-00010
Note

rojektet har finansierats med medel från Naturvårdsverkets miljöforskningsanslag

Available from: 2025-04-15 Created: 2025-04-15 Last updated: 2025-04-16Bibliographically approved
Sylwan, I., Hillforth, C. & Nordell, E. (2025). Slambiokol i region Halland – fosforåtervinning, regelverk, lokalisering och ekonomiska förutsättningar. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Slambiokol i region Halland – fosforåtervinning, regelverk, lokalisering och ekonomiska förutsättningar
2025 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Sludge biochar in the Halland region – phosphorus reuse, regulation, localization and economic feasibility Thermal treatment of municipal sewage sludge has gained interest in Sweden in recent years. With respect to smaller wastewater treatment plants, an investment in thermal treatment may be more attractive if a collaboration between utilities is formed and treatment is performed regionally. This study investigated the feasibility of sludge pyrolysis in the Halland region, southwest Sweden. The current sludge volumes in Halland were mapped, the potential benefits of using sludge biochar in agriculture were investigated, the regulations relevant to sludge pyrolysis and use of sludge biochar were investigated, and lastly the economic feasibility of sludge pyrolysis and associated sludge logistics were investigated. The analysis was based on data collected from utilities in the region and technology providers, as well as literature data. The logistics assessment was based on current sludge volumes produced in Halland and the average distances to final site of disposal. The economic feasibility was calculated in terms of net present value (NPV) and payback period. Based on its phosphorus content, sludge biochar is interesting as a phosphorus fertilizer; however, the plant availability of phosphorus needs to be considered. Other potentially positive effects of using sludge biochar in agriculture is the increased nutrient retention capacity of the soil as well as the liming effect. Further, literature data indicates that sludge biochar has lower toxicity compared to dewatered sludge. Regulations for sludge biochar are expected to evolve during the coming years. The logistics assessment indicated that four separate sludge pyrolysis plants (including drying) would be more transport efficient compared to one centralized pyrolysis plant. This was expected since drying and pyrolysis greatly decreases sludge mass. However, the economic feasibility assessment indicated that one central pyrolysis plant would be preferable. Conservative baseline assumptions indicated that sludge pyrolysis would not reach pay off within 20 years (NPV of -96 mSEK). With a projected increase in alternative sludge disposal cost, the NPV was calculated to be 57 mSEK, with a payback period of ~16 years. It is important that the choice of sludge management takes alternative future forecasts into account in order to identify the most suitable solution to invest in. Key factors in the future forecast are upcoming requirements for the quality of wastewater products used on arable land, as well as requirements for the recirculation of plant nutrients. These are expected to have great significance from an economic point of view.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 2025. p. 68
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2025:2
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-77985 (URN)978-91-89971-60-8 (ISBN)
Note

Funding: Länsstyrelsen i Halland, via LOVA-bidrag, samt från region Halland.

Available from: 2025-02-27 Created: 2025-02-27 Last updated: 2025-02-27Bibliographically approved
Sylwan, I. & Thorin, E. (2023). Potential of sludge-derived char as a metal sorbent during primary settling of municipal wastewater. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 32, Article ID 103258.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Potential of sludge-derived char as a metal sorbent during primary settling of municipal wastewater
2023 (English)In: Environmental Technology & Innovation, ISSN 2352-1864, Vol. 32, article id 103258Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Reuse of nutrients and water from municipal wastewater is attracting increasing attention. However, pollutants such as toxic metals should be minimised. This study investigated the potential for reducing metal concentrations in wastewater effluent and secondary sludge by introducing sludge-derived char (SDC) as a sorbent in primary settling. Batch experiments, performed in aqueous metal solution and wastewater, showed that Cu and Ni removal was significantly reduced in wastewater containing dissolved organic matter (68% and 40%, respectively), compared to metal solution (>99% and 99%, respectively). Modelling of primary settling indicated Cd and Cu removal enhancement with SDC addition (from 39%–79% and 30%–43%, respectively). Smaller effects were observed for Pb, Cr, and Zn. An increased risk of Ni concentration in primary settler effluent was identified (−53% removal). These results demonstrate the challenges of implementing SDC as a sorbent for real wastewater. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V., 2023
Keywords
Adsorbent, Adsorption, Biochar, Biosolids, Biosorbent, Wastewater resource recovery facility, Copper, Metal recovery, Nickel, Sorption, Wastewater reclamation, Water conservation, Biosorbents, Cu removals, Metal concentrations, Metal solutions, Municipal wastewaters, Resource recovery, Reuse, Toxic metals, Effluents
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-72389 (URN)10.1016/j.eti.2023.103258 (DOI)2-s2.0-85164222835 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-03-25 Created: 2024-03-25 Last updated: 2024-04-02Bibliographically approved
Sylwan, I., Bergna, D., Runtti, H., Westholm, L. J. & Thorin, E. (2023). Primary and digested sludge-derived char as a Cd sorbent: Feasibility of local utilisation. Water Science and Technology, 88(11), 2917-2930
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Primary and digested sludge-derived char as a Cd sorbent: Feasibility of local utilisation
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2023 (English)In: Water Science and Technology, ISSN 0273-1223, E-ISSN 1996-9732, Vol. 88, no 11, p. 2917-2930Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal, occurring in municipal wastewater and stormwater as well as in wastewater from various industries. Char derived from the pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge has the potential to be a low-cost sorption media for the removal of Cd. However, the balance between possible local char production and demand has not been assessed previously. In this study, the Cd sorption capacities of chars derived from primary (PSC) and secondary sludge (DSC), as well as the feasibility of char production for Cd sorbent purposes, and the pyrolysis energy balance were evaluated. Results showed that the sorption capacity of PSC (9.1 mg/g; 800 C, 70 min) was superior to that of DSC (6.0 mg/g; 800 C, 70 min), and increased with a higher pyrolysis temperature. Pyrolysis of primary sludge had a more favourable energy balance compared with the pyrolysis of digested sludge; however, when accounting for loss of biogas production the energy balance of primary sludge pyrolysis was negative. Assessment of the regional demand (Västeras, Sweden) indicated that PSC or DSC may cover the local Cd sorbent demand. However, it was estimated that large char volumes would be required, thus making the use of DSC/PSC less feasible. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IWA Publishing, 2023
Keywords
adsorbent, adsorption, biochar, biosolids, biosorbent, Energy balance, Pyrolysis, Sewage sludge, Sorption, Biosorbents, Digested sludges, Low-costs, Municipal sewage sludge, Municipal wastewaters, Primary sludge, Sorption capacities, Stormwaters, Toxic metals, Cadmium, biogas, char, charcoal, sorbent, storm water, unclassified drug, activated sludge, sewage, stormwater, wastewater, anaerobic digestion, Article, biosolid, comparative study, controlled study, dewatering, moisture, municipal wastewater, sludge digestion, waste water management, waste water treatment plant, feasibility study, high temperature, Sweden, Feasibility Studies, Hot Temperature
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-72388 (URN)10.2166/wst.2023.356 (DOI)2-s2.0-85179766907 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-03-25 Created: 2024-03-25 Last updated: 2024-04-02Bibliographically approved
Stenbeck, S., Kusoffsky, E., Johansen, A., Sörelius, H., Sylwan, I., Hillforth, C., . . . Blecken, G. (2023). Vidareutveckling av standard för utvärdering av prefabricerade dagvattenåtgärder.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Vidareutveckling av standard för utvärdering av prefabricerade dagvattenåtgärder
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2023 (Swedish)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Development of a standard for purifying storm water Many of the technical solutions for stormwater treatment available on the market are often marketed with reference to high purification potential and low maintenance needs. However, there have rarely been independent tests or evaluations that prove the actual performance of the technics. It is a complex decision for the end user to choose the right technology and/or manufacturer for a particular application and purpose, while ensuring long-term functionality. At present, there is no Swedish standard, but many clients of stormwater technology refer instead to the Swedish Water and Wastewater Association's publications or to their own example collections for stormwater measures and design criteria that should apply to construction. Other countries, like The United States, Germany and the United Kingdom national standards for testing and evaluating the degree of purification of prefabricated stormwater solutions exists since a number of years. Since 2018, RISE has worked for the development of a Swedish standard together with a number of actors in the industry and with financial support from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Stenvall & Sörelius (2021), Klingberg & Kusoffsky (2021) and Dahlberg, etc. (2022)). In this project (November 2023), RISE, with the support of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, together with Luleå University of Technology and GS Water Forum, has further developed the Swedish proposal for a National standard. The plan is to further test the standard in a German test facility by spring 2024. In order to provide the greatest possible market advantage for manufacturers who test their products according to the standard, the Swedish proposal has taken the German original into account. This is to ensure, as far as possible, that a supplier/manufacturer who has tested its product according to the standard will be able to gain access to both the German and the Swedish market. The work has also been carried out with the support of the Swedish Institute for Standards (SIS) to pave the way for the establishment of a Swedish Standard (SS) in 2024. This process will be initiated after the proposed test method has been evaluated in Germany.

Publisher
p. 18
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2023:125
Keywords
Testbed, stormwater, standard, compact prefabricated stormwater facilities
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-68136 (URN)978-91-89896-12-3 (ISBN)
Note

Special thanks to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency for funding this study.

Available from: 2023-11-30 Created: 2023-11-30 Last updated: 2024-04-02Bibliographically approved
Sylwan, I. & Thorin, E. (2021). Removal of heavy metals during primary treatment of municipal wastewater and possibilities of enhanced removal: A review. Water, 13(8), Article ID 1121.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Removal of heavy metals during primary treatment of municipal wastewater and possibilities of enhanced removal: A review
2021 (English)In: Water, E-ISSN 2073-4441, Vol. 13, no 8, article id 1121Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Resource reuse has become an important aspect of wastewater management. At present, use of sludge in agriculture is one of the major reuse routes. Conventional municipal wastewater treatment does not involve any designated process for removal of heavy metals, and these distribute mainly between effluent and sludge. Enhanced removal of heavy metals during primary treatment may decrease the heavy metal concentrations in both effluent and sludge from secondary treatment and promote long-term reuse of secondary sludge. This review considers heavy metal occurrence and removal during primary settling, together with possible treatment technologies for heavy metal removal in primary settlers and their theoretical performance. The variation in total heavy metal concentrations and dissolved fraction in raw municipal wastewater points to a need for site-specific assessments of appropriate technologies for improved heavy metal removal. Studies examining the heavy metal speciation beyond dissolved/particulate are few. Missing or disparate information on process parameters such as hydraulic retention time, pH and composition of return flows makes it hard to generalize the findings from studies concerning heavy metal removal in primary settlers. Coagulation/flocculation and use of low-cost sorbents were identified as the most promising methods for enhancing heavy metal removal during primary settling. Based on the available data on heavy metal speciation and removal during primary settling, sorption technologies may be most effective for enhancing the removal of Cu and Ni, while coagulation may be efficient for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn and Hg removal (but not as efficient for Ni removal). 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG, 2021
Keywords
Adsorption, Coagulation/flocculation, Effluent, Primary settling, Resource reuse, Sludge, Agricultural robots, Coagulation, Effluent treatment, Effluents, Heavy metals, Wastewater reclamation, Wastewater treatment, Appropriate technologies, Heavy metal concentration, Heavy metal speciation, Hydraulic retention time, Municipal wastewater treatment, Theoretical performance, Treatment technologies, Chemicals removal (water treatment), flocculation, heavy metal, municipal solid waste, pollutant removal
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-72390 (URN)10.3390/w13081121 (DOI)2-s2.0-85105077476 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-03-25 Created: 2024-03-25 Last updated: 2024-04-02Bibliographically approved
Sylwan, I., Runtti, H., Westholm, L. J., Romar, H. & Thorin, E. (2020). Heavy metal sorption by sludge-derived biochar with focus on Pb2+ sorption capacity at µg/L concentrations. Processes, 8(12), 1-23, Article ID 1559.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Heavy metal sorption by sludge-derived biochar with focus on Pb2+ sorption capacity at µg/L concentrations
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2020 (English)In: Processes, ISSN 2227-9717, Vol. 8, no 12, p. 1-23, article id 1559Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Municipal wastewater management causes metal exposure to humans and the environment. Targeted metal removal is suggested to reduce metal loads during sludge reuse and release of effluent to receiving waters. Biochar is considered a low-cost sorbent with high sorption capacity for heavy metals. In this study, heavy metal sorption to sludge-derived biochar (SDBC) was investigated through batch experiments and modeling and compared to that of wood-derived biochar (WDBC) and activated carbon (AC). The aim was to investigate the sorption efficiency at metal concentrations comparable to those in municipal wastewater (<1 mg/L), for which experimental data are lacking and isotherm models have not been verified in previous works. Pb2+ removal of up to 83% was demonstrated at concentrations comparable to those in municipal wastewater, at pH 2. SDBC showed superior Pb2+ sorption capacity (maximum ~2 mg/g at pH 2) compared to WDBC and AC (<0 and (3.5 ± 0.4) × 10−3 mg/g, respectively); however, at the lowest concentration investigated (0.005 mg/L), SDBC released Pb2+. The potential risk of release of other heavy metals (i.e., Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn) needs to be further examined. The sorption capacity of SDBC over a metal concentration span of 0.005–150 mg Pb2+/L could be predicted with the Redlich– Peterson model. It was shown that experimental data at concentrations comparable to those in municipal wastewater are necessary to accurately model and predict the sorption capacity of SDBC at these concentrations.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI AG, 2020
Keywords
Adsorbent, Biosorbent, Heavy metals, Isotherm models, Municipal wastewater, Sewage treatment
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-72391 (URN)10.3390/pr8121559 (DOI)2-s2.0-85097001940 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-03-25 Created: 2024-03-25 Last updated: 2024-04-02Bibliographically approved
Sylwan, I., Zambrano, J. & Thorin, E. (2019). Energy demand for phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater. In: Energy Procedia: . Paper presented at 10th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2018, 22 August 2018 through 25 August 2018 (pp. 4338-4343). Elsevier Ltd
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Energy demand for phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater
2019 (English)In: Energy Procedia, Elsevier Ltd , 2019, p. 4338-4343Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential nutrients for production of food. In modern agriculture, a large part of P comes from finite sources. There are several suggested processes for reuse of P from wastewater. In this paper, the energy use of direct reuse of sludge in agriculture is compared to the energy demand connected to use of mineral P and to reuse of P after thermal processing of sludge. The study is based on literature data from life cycle analysis (LCA). In the case of direct sludge reuse the sludge stabilization processes applied and the system boundaries of the LCA has a large impact on the calculated energy demand. The results though indicate that direct reuse of sludge in agriculture is the reuse scenario that potentially has the lowest energy demand (3-71 kWh/kg P), compared to incineration and extraction of P from sludge ashes (45-70 kWh/kg P) or pyrolysis of sludge (46-235 kWh/kg P). The competitiveness compared to mineral P (-4-22 kWh/kg P) depends on the mineral P source and production. For thermal processing, the energy demand derives mainly from energy needed to dry sludge and supplement fuel used during sludge incineration together with chemicals required to extract P. Local conditions, such as available waste heat for drying, can make one of these scenarios preferable. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2019
Keywords
Combustion, Incineration, Nutrient reuse, Pyrolysis, Wastewater sludge, Agriculture, Energy management, Heat treatment, Life cycle, Minerals, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Waste heat, Waste incineration, Essential nutrients, Life cycle analysis, Local conditions, Modern agricultures, Municipal wastewaters, Phosphorus recovery, Sludge stabilization, Wastewater reclamation
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-72392 (URN)10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.787 (DOI)2-s2.0-85063882988 (Scopus ID)
Conference
10th International Conference on Applied Energy, ICAE 2018, 22 August 2018 through 25 August 2018
Available from: 2024-03-25 Created: 2024-03-25 Last updated: 2024-04-02Bibliographically approved
Sylwan, I. (2015). Efterbehandling efter minireningsverk (ed.).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Efterbehandling efter minireningsverk
2015 (Swedish)Report (Refereed)
Series
JTI - Övriga publikationer
National Category
Agricultural Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-2283 (URN)
Available from: 2016-09-07 Created: 2016-09-07 Last updated: 2024-04-02Bibliographically approved
Sylwan, I., Alm, J., Johansson, M. & Morey Strömberg, A. (2015). Reningseffektivitet hos BDT-anläggingar för små avlopp: Utarbetande av förslag till svensk provningsmetod (ed.).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Reningseffektivitet hos BDT-anläggingar för små avlopp: Utarbetande av förslag till svensk provningsmetod
2015 (Swedish)Report (Refereed)
Abstract [sv]

Projektet ”Metod för provning av BDT-reningsanläggningar” initierades utifrån behovet och efterfrågan av en nationellt accepterad metod för utvärdering av reningseffekt hos förtillverkade BDT-reningsanläggningar (paketlösningar med ett definierat utlopp) för användning vid små avlopp (upp till 50 personer). Känne-dom om en reningsanläggnings förväntade effekt på miljöbelastande föroreningar och smittämnen ger, tillsammans med kunskap om lokala förutsättningar, underlag för tillståndsbedömning. Projektet har haft stort fokus på sammansättningen hos orenat BDT-avloppsvatten, för att sätta lämpliga randvillkor för inkommande vatten i samband med provning. Fältprovtagning har utförts vid enskilda anläggningar och gemensamhetsanläggningar längs med kusten i Norrtälje, där avloppslösningar med enbart BDT-rening (inget påkopplat klosettavlopp) är vanligt förekommande. Dessa provtagningar har gett en viss indikation och framförallt underlag till resonemang inom projektet. Projektets begränsade omfattning har dock inneburit att kännedomen om dessa provtagningspunkter inte har varit fullständig. Ytterligare kunskap om variationen i sammansättning hos orenat BDT-avloppsvatten har inhämtats genom litteraturstudier. Det kan konstateras att merparten av publicerade data från Norden kommer från provtagning som utfördes innan förbud mot användning av fosfater i tvätt- och maskindiskmedel infördes. Detta betyder att det finns en särskild osäkerhet gällande hur fosforhalter i orenat BDT-vatten varierar idag. Andra viktiga aspekter i utformningen av en provningsmetod är hur provningens omfattning ska avgränsas, exempelvis hur stort antal provtagningar som ska krävas. Denna och andra aspekter har diskuterats med teknikleverantörer och myndigheter i samband med möten och workshops som genomförts inom projektet. Det har också varit möjligt att ge skriftliga synpunkter på utformningen av föreslagen provningsmetod.

Series
JTI rapport Kretslopp och avfall, ISSN 1401-4955 ; 52
National Category
Agricultural Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-1772 (URN)
Available from: 2016-09-07 Created: 2016-09-07 Last updated: 2024-04-02Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-9373-2774

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