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Papatheocharous, EfiORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-5157-8131
Publications (10 of 48) Show all publications
Papatheocharous, E., Kaiser, C., Moser, J. & Stocker, A. (2023). Monitoring Distracted Driving Behaviours with Smartphones: An Extended Systematic Literature Review. Sensors, 23(17)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Monitoring Distracted Driving Behaviours with Smartphones: An Extended Systematic Literature Review
2023 (English)In: Sensors, E-ISSN 1424-8220, Vol. 23, no 17Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Driver behaviour monitoring is a broad area of research, with a variety of methods and approaches. Distraction from the use of electronic devices, such as smartphones for texting or talking on the phone, is one of the leading causes of vehicle accidents. With the increasing number of sensors available in vehicles, there is an abundance of data available to monitor driver behaviour, but it has only been available to vehicle manufacturers and, to a limited extent, through proprietary solutions. Recently, research and practice have shifted the paradigm to the use of smartphones for driver monitoring and have fuelled efforts to support driving safety. This systematic review paper extends a preliminary, previously carried out author-centric literature review on smartphone-based driver monitoring approaches using snowballing search methods to illustrate the opportunities in using smartphones for driver distraction detection. Specifically, the paper reviews smartphone-based approaches to distracted driving behaviour detection, the smartphone sensors and detection methods applied, and the results obtained.

National Category
Vehicle Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-66878 (URN)10.3390/s23177505 (DOI)
Note

This research was partially funded by the InSecTT project (https://www.insectt.eu/ accessed on 24 July 2023). InSecTT has received funding from the ECSEL Joint Undertaking (JU) (grant agreement no: 876038). The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme and Austria, Sweden, Spain, Italy, France, Portugal, Ireland, Finland, Slovenia, Poland, Netherlands, and Turkey. In Austria, this project was also funded by the program “ICT of the Future” and the Austrian Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation, and Technology (BMK). This document reflects only the authors’ views and the Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Parts of this publication were written at Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH in Graz and partially funded by the COMET K2 Competence Centers for Excellent Technologies from the Austrian Federal Ministry for Climate Action (BMK), the Austrian Federal Ministry for Labour and Economy (BMAW), the Province of Styria (Dept. 12), and the Styrian Business Promotion Agency (SFG). The Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG) has been authorised for the programme management.

Available from: 2023-09-21 Created: 2023-09-21 Last updated: 2023-09-21Bibliographically approved
Olsson, T., Sentilles, S. & Papatheocharous, E. (2022). A systematic literature review of empirical research on quality requirements. Requirements Engineering, 27(2), 249-271
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A systematic literature review of empirical research on quality requirements
2022 (English)In: Requirements Engineering, ISSN 0947-3602, E-ISSN 1432-010X, Vol. 27, no 2, p. 249-271Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Quality requirements deal with how well a product should perform the intended functionality, such as start-up time and learnability. Researchers argue they are important and at the same time studies indicate there are deficiencies in practice. Our goal is to review the state of evidence for quality requirements. We want to understand the empirical research on quality requirements topics as well as evaluations of quality requirements solutions. We used a hybrid method for our systematic literature review. We defined a start set based on two literature reviews combined with a keyword-based search from selected publication venues. We snowballed based on the start set. We screened 530 papers and included 84 papers in our review. Case study method is the most common (43), followed by surveys (15) and tests (13). We found no replication studies. The two most commonly studied themes are (1) differentiating characteristics of quality requirements compared to other types of requirements, (2) the importance and prevalence of quality requirements. Quality models, QUPER, and the NFR method are evaluated in several studies, with positive indications. Goal modeling is the only modeling approach evaluated. However, all studies are small scale and long-term costs and impact are not studied. We conclude that more research is needed as empirical research on quality requirements is not increasing at the same rate as software engineering research in general. We see a gap between research and practice. The solutions proposed are usually evaluated in an academic context and surveys on quality requirements in industry indicate unsystematic handling of quality requirements.

National Category
Software Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-58494 (URN)10.1007/s00766-022-00373-9 (DOI)2-s2.0-85124364406 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2022-02-09 Created: 2022-02-09 Last updated: 2023-05-16Bibliographically approved
Linåker, J., Papatheocharous, E. & Olsson, T. (2022). How to characterize the health of an Open Source Software project?: A snowball literature review of an emerging practice. In: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. 7 September 2022, Article number 11: . Paper presented at 18th International Symposium on Open Collaboration, OpenSym 2022, 6 September 2022 through 10 September 2022. Association for Computing Machinery
Open this publication in new window or tab >>How to characterize the health of an Open Source Software project?: A snowball literature review of an emerging practice
2022 (English)In: ACM International Conference Proceeding Series. 7 September 2022, Article number 11, Association for Computing Machinery , 2022Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Motivation: Society's dependence on Open Source Software (OSS) and the communities that maintain the OSS is ever-growing. So are the potential risks of, e.g., vulnerabilities being introduced in projects not actively maintained. By assessing an OSS project's capability to stay viable and maintained over time without interruption or weakening, i.e., the OSS health, users can consider the risk implied by using the OSS as is, and if necessary, decide whether to help improve the health or choose another option. However, such assessment is complex as OSS health covers a wide range of sub-topics, and existing support is limited. Aim: We aim to create an overview of characteristics that affect the health of an OSS project and enable the assessment thereof. Method: We conduct a snowball literature review based on a start set of 9 papers, and identify 146 relevant papers over two iterations of forward and backward snowballing. Health characteristics are elicited and coded using structured and axial coding into a framework structure. Results: The final framework consists of 107 health characteristics divided among 15 themes. Characteristics address the socio-technical spectrum of the community of actors maintaining the OSS project, the software and other deliverables being maintained, and the orchestration facilitating the maintenance. Characteristics are further divided based on the level of abstraction they address, i.e., the OSS project-level specifically, or the project's overarching ecosystem of related OSS projects. Conclusion: The framework provides an overview of the wide span of health characteristics that may need to be considered when evaluating OSS health and can serve as a foundation both for research and practice. © 2022 Owner/Author.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Association for Computing Machinery, 2022
Keywords
Health, Open Source Software, Software Ecosystem, Software Quality., Sustainability, Computer software selection and evaluation, Ecosystems, Health risks, Open systems, Risk assessment, Health characteristics, Literature reviews, Open source software projects, Open-source softwares, Potential risks, Project capability, Software ecosystems, Software Quality, Sub topics
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-61218 (URN)10.1145/3555051.3555067 (DOI)2-s2.0-85139099545 (Scopus ID)9781450398459 (ISBN)
Conference
18th International Symposium on Open Collaboration, OpenSym 2022, 6 September 2022 through 10 September 2022
Note

Funding text 1: Finance: Finance-related characteristics describe the financial support (a-fin-2) in terms of funding and sponsorship provided to or accepted by the OSS community, and the general financial stability (a-fin-1) of the actors in the community that are maintaining or contributing to the OSS project. These characteristics thereby help to answer the question how financially viable actors are in an OSS community in terms of being able to dedicate their time and resources to the long-term maintenance of the OSS project.

Available from: 2022-12-07 Created: 2022-12-07 Last updated: 2023-05-22Bibliographically approved
Petersen, K., Carlson, J., Papatheocharous, E. & Wnuk, K. (2021). Context checklist for industrial software engineering research and practice. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 78, Article ID 103541.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Context checklist for industrial software engineering research and practice
2021 (English)In: Computer Standards & Interfaces, ISSN 0920-5489, E-ISSN 1872-7018, Vol. 78, article id 103541Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The relevance of context is particularly stressed in case studies, where it is said that “case study is an empirical method aimed at investigating contemporary phenomena in their context”. In this research, we classify context information and provide a context checklist for industrial software engineering. The checklist serves the purpose of (a) supporting researchers and practitioners in characterizing the context in which they are working; (b) supporting researchers with a checklist to identify relevant contextual information to elicit and report during primary and secondary studies. We utilized a systematic approach for constructing the classification of context information and provided a detailed definition for each item. We collected feedback from researchers as well as practitioners. The usefulness of the checklist was perceived more positively by researchers than practitioners, though they highlighted benefits (raising awareness of the importance of context and usefulness for management). The understandability was perceived positively by both practitioners and researchers. The checklist may serve as a “meta-model”, forming the basis for specific adaptations for different research areas, and as input for researchers deciding which context information to extract in systematic reviews. The checklist may also help researchers in reporting context in research papers.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V., 2021
Keywords
Checklist, Context, Empirical, Evidence-based software engineering, Software engineering, Industrial research, Context information, Contextual information, Empirical method, Industrial software, Research papers, Specific adaptations, Systematic Review, Understandability, Classification (of information)
National Category
Software Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-53518 (URN)10.1016/j.csi.2021.103541 (DOI)2-s2.0-85106924681 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-06-17 Created: 2021-06-17 Last updated: 2023-05-16Bibliographically approved
Kaiser, C., Stocker, A. & Papatheocharous, E. (2021). Distracted Driver Monitoring with Smartphones: A Preliminary Literature Review. In: 2021 29th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT): . Paper presented at 2021 29th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT) (pp. 169-176).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Distracted Driver Monitoring with Smartphones: A Preliminary Literature Review
2021 (English)In: 2021 29th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT), 2021, p. 169-176Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Distracted driving is known to be one of the leading causes of vehicle accidents. With the increase in the number of sensors available within vehicles, there exists an abundance of data for monitoring driver behaviour, which, however, have so far only been comparable across vehicle manufacturers to a limited extent due to proprietary solutions. A special role in distraction is played by the smartphone, which is repeatedly a source of distraction for drivers through calls and messages. However, the smartphone can be used for driver behaviour monitoring (like driver distraction detection) too, as current developments show. As vehicle manufacturer-independent device, which is usually equipped with adequate sensor technology, smartphones can provide significant advantages, however, an overview of such approaches is missing so far. Thus, this work carries out an author-centric literature review of 16 research papers to illustrate the opportunities in using smartphones to detect driver distraction.

National Category
Applied Psychology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-53408 (URN)10.23919/FRUCT52173.2021.9435545 (DOI)
Conference
2021 29th Conference of Open Innovations Association (FRUCT)
Available from: 2021-06-01 Created: 2021-06-01 Last updated: 2023-05-16Bibliographically approved
Wohlin, C., Papatheocharous, E., Carlson, J., Petersen, K., Alégroth, E., Axelsson, J., . . . Gorschek, T. (2021). Towards evidence-based decision-making for identification and usage of assets in composite software: A research roadmap. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process, 33(6), Article ID e2345.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Towards evidence-based decision-making for identification and usage of assets in composite software: A research roadmap
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2021 (English)In: Journal of Software: Evolution and Process, ISSN 2047-7473, E-ISSN 2047-7481, Vol. 33, no 6, article id e2345Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Software engineering is decision intensive. Evidence-based software engineering is suggested for decision-making concerning the use of methods and technologies when developing software. Software development often includes the reuse of software assets, for example, open-source components. Which components to use have implications on the quality of the software (e.g., maintainability). Thus, research is needed to support decision-making for composite software. This paper presents a roadmap for research required to support evidence-based decision-making for choosing and integrating assets in composite software systems. The roadmap is developed as an output from a 5-year project in the area, including researchers from three different organizations. The roadmap is developed in an iterative process and is based on (1) systematic literature reviews of the area; (2) investigations of the state of practice, including a case survey and a survey; and (3) development and evaluation of solutions for asset identification and selection. The research activities resulted in identifying 11 areas in need of research. The areas are grouped into two categories: areas enabling evidence-based decision-making and those related to supporting the decision-making. The roadmap outlines research needs in these 11 areas. The research challenges and research directions presented in this roadmap are key areas for further research to support evidence-based decision-making for composite software. © 2021 The Authors.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021
Keywords
asset origins, component-based software engineering (CBSE), decision-making, evidence-based software engineering, software architecture, Computer software reusability, Iterative methods, Open source software, Open systems, Software design, Surveys, Asset identification, Evidence Based Software Engineering, Evidence- based decisions, Iterative process, Open-source components, Research activities, Research challenges, Systematic literature review, Decision making
National Category
Computer and Information Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-52917 (URN)10.1002/smr.2345 (DOI)2-s2.0-85102713035 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-04-09 Created: 2021-04-09 Last updated: 2023-05-22Bibliographically approved
Kaiser, C., Stocker, A., Festl, A., Djokic Petrovic, M., Papatheocharous, E., Wallberg, A., . . . Szilagyi, T. (2020). A Vehicle Telematics Service for Driving Style Detection: Implementation and Privacy Challenges. In: 6th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, {VEHITS} 2020,: . Paper presented at 6th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, {VEHITS} 2020, Prague, Czech Republic, May 2-4, 2020 (pp. 29-36).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A Vehicle Telematics Service for Driving Style Detection: Implementation and Privacy Challenges
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2020 (English)In: 6th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, {VEHITS} 2020,, 2020, p. 29-36Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

Connected mobility is not only a future market, but also holds great innovation potential. The analysis of vehicle telematics data in the cloud enables novel data-driven services for several stakeholders, e.g. a mobile application for the driver to obtain his driving style. This inevitably leads to privacy concerns and the question why and when are users willing to share driving telematic data, which we addressed in an empirical study. The paper presents an implementation of a data-driven service based on vehicle telematics data and discusses how privacy issues can be tackled. For the data-driven service, the most interesting steps along the vehicle data value chain are described in detail, firstly (i) vehicle telematics data collection, secondly, (ii) the wireless data transfer to a cloud platform, and thirdly, (iii) pre-processing and data analysis to evaluate the drivers’ driving style and analyse the driving risk. Finally, (iv) a smartphone application for drivers presents driving style and driving risk data on the smartphone in an interactive way, so that the driver can work on improving both, which has a positive effect on driving and road safety.

Keywords
Automotive, Connected Vehicles, Data-driven Services, Vehicle Telematics Service, Privacy, Trust, Cloud Computing, Mobile Driver Application, Quantified Vehicles
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-45057 (URN)10.5220/0009329400290036 (DOI)
Conference
6th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems, {VEHITS} 2020, Prague, Czech Republic, May 2-4, 2020
Available from: 2020-06-11 Created: 2020-06-11 Last updated: 2023-05-16Bibliographically approved
Chatzipetrou, P., Papatheocharous, E., Wnuk, K., Borg, M., Alegroth, E. & Gorschek, T. (2020). Component attributes and their importance in decisions and component selection. Software quality journal, 28, 567-593
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Component attributes and their importance in decisions and component selection
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2020 (English)In: Software quality journal, ISSN 0963-9314, E-ISSN 1573-1367, Vol. 28, p. 567-593Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Component-based software engineering is a common approach in the development and evolution of contemporary software systems. Different component sourcing options are available, such as: (1) Software developed internally (in-house), (2) Software developed outsourced, (3) Commercial off-the-shelf software, and (4) Open-Source Software. However, there is little available research on what attributes of a component are the most important ones when selecting new components. The objective of this study is to investigate what matters the most to industry practitioners when they decide to select a component. We conducted a cross-domain anonymous survey with industry practitioners involved in component selection. First, the practitioners selected the most important attributes from a list. Next, they prioritized their selection using the Hundred-Dollar ($100) test. We analyzed the results using compositional data analysis. The results of this exploratory analysis showed that cost was clearly considered to be the most important attribute for component selection. Other important attributes for the practitioners were: support of the componentlongevity prediction, and level of off-the-shelf fit to product. Moreover, several practitioners still consider in-house software development to be the sole option when adding or replacing a component. On the other hand, there is a trend to complement it with other component sourcing options and, apart from cost, different attributes factor into their decision. Furthermore, in our analysis, nonparametric tests and biplots were used to further investigate the practitioners’ inherent characteristics. It seems that smaller and larger organizations have different views on what attributes are the most important, and the most surprising finding is their contrasting views on the cost attribute: larger organizations with mature products are considerably more cost aware.

Keywords
Component-based software engineering, Component sourcing options, Decision making, Compositional data analysis, Cumulative voting
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-39897 (URN)10.1007/s11219-019-09465-2 (DOI)2-s2.0-85073954446 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2019-09-11 Created: 2019-09-11 Last updated: 2023-05-16
Borg, M., Chatzipetrou, P., Wnuk, K., Alégroth, E., Gorschek, T., Papatheocharous, E., . . . Axelsson, J. (2019). Selecting component sourcing options: A survey of software engineering's broader make-or-buy decisions. Information and Software Technology, 112, 18-34
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Selecting component sourcing options: A survey of software engineering's broader make-or-buy decisions
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2019 (English)In: Information and Software Technology, ISSN 0950-5849, E-ISSN 1873-6025, Vol. 112, p. 18-34Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Context: Component-based software engineering (CBSE) is a common approach to develop and evolve contemporary software systems. When evolving a system based on components, make-or-buy decisions are frequent, i.e., whether to develop components internally or to acquire them from external sources. In CBSE, several different sourcing options are available: (1) developing software in-house, (2) outsourcing development, (3) buying commercial-off-the-shelf software, and (4) integrating open source software components. Objective: Unfortunately, there is little available research on how organizations select component sourcing options (CSO) in industry practice. In this work, we seek to contribute empirical evidence to CSO selection. Method: We conduct a cross-domain survey on CSO selection in industry, implemented as an online questionnaire. Results: Based on 188 responses, we find that most organizations consider multiple CSOs during software evolution, and that the CSO decisions in industry are dominated by expert judgment. When choosing between candidate components, functional suitability acts as an initial filter, then reliability is the most important quality. Conclusion: We stress that future solution-oriented work on decision support has to account for the dominance of expert judgment in industry. Moreover, we identify considerable variation in CSO decision processes in industry. Finally, we encourage software development organizations to reflect on their decision processes when choosing whether to make or buy components, and we recommend using our survey for a first benchmarking.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V., 2019
Keywords
Component-based software engineering, Decision making, Software architecture, Sourcing, Survey, Decision support systems, Open systems, Software design, Surveying, Surveys, Commercial off-the-shelf softwares, Industry practices, Make-or-buy decisions, Online questionnaire, Software development organizations, Software Evolution, Open source software
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-38474 (URN)10.1016/j.infsof.2019.03.015 (DOI)2-s2.0-85064013176 (Scopus ID)
Note

 Funding details: Stiftelsen för Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling; Funding text 1: The work is partially supported by a research grant for the ORION project (reference number 20140218 ) from The Stiftelsen för Kunskaps- och Kompetensutveckling in Sweden. The authors have no competing interests to declare.

Available from: 2019-05-03 Created: 2019-05-03 Last updated: 2023-05-22Bibliographically approved
Papatheocharous, E. (2018). Challenges in Software Ecosystems and Product Development. In: Software Business, Platforms, and Ecosystems: Fundamentals of Software Production Research Report. Paper presented at Dagstuhl Seminar 18182, April 29 – May 2, 2018.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Challenges in Software Ecosystems and Product Development
2018 (English)In: Software Business, Platforms, and Ecosystems: Fundamentals of Software Production Research Report, 2018Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

The German computer science pioneer Karl Steinbuch in 1966 remarked: “In a few decades time, computers will be inter-woven into almost every industrial product.” The increasing prevalence of software ecosystems and platforms today calls for the ability to augment solutions and support an emerging portfolio of leading technology solutions and trends. It is unquestionable to design or use any software technology without taking into account digitalisation trends the emerging technological innovations (e.g., Big Data, Internet of Things, Systems of Systems) and without considering standing on the shoulders of a multitude of layers of platforms and ecosystems. In our research we investigate efficient ways to organise and carry out product development in software ecosystems with the target to satisfy mutual and conflicting requirements from the involved parties. This led to the formulation of the overall research questions (RQs): RQ1. What are the implications on the business models of the different actors, when moving from a traditional supply chain to a dynamic SECO? RQ2. What are the options for improved design of product architectures to handle the contradictory requirements of openness, flexibility and dependability, and to allow efficient product line management? We identified challenges with respect to 3 categories: a) organizational, b) technical, and c) business and use a schema to conceptualise an ecosystem for Federated Embedded 1 8 1 8 2 182 18182 – Software Business, Platforms, and Ecosystems Systems encompassing of four layers: actors, business processes, services and components. We described in an explorative case study (based on interviews with 15 senior staff members at 9 companies related to Embedded Systems) our findings mapped according to the Business Model Canvas (BMC) to highlight the interrelated parts and characteristics of the domain. Openness in SECO was evaluated in 7 companies including 8 practitioners taking into account their practices and methods. Moreover, we target efficient and informed architecture formulation through the selection of existing components and services, and fast architectural adaptations which is crucial for companies’ success, with a systematic approach in the decision-making process with respect to components, services and platforms.

National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-37628 (URN)
Conference
Dagstuhl Seminar 18182, April 29 – May 2, 2018
Available from: 2019-01-29 Created: 2019-01-29 Last updated: 2023-05-16Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-5157-8131

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