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Publications (10 of 20) Show all publications
Daghigh Shirazi, H., Håkansson, K. M. O., Abitbol, T. & Vapaavuori, J. (2024). A facile spinning approach towards the continuous production of aligned nanocellulose films. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 701, Article ID 134673.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A facile spinning approach towards the continuous production of aligned nanocellulose films
2024 (English)In: Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, ISSN 0927-7757, E-ISSN 1873-4359, Vol. 701, article id 134673Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In this work, we present an alternative approach to cellulose nanofibril film (CNF) production, taking inspiration from the wet spinning of fibers to wet spin films. During the spinning process, a CNF suspension is injected into a coagulation bath, where the partially aligned CNF network is locked. The CNF alignment of the dry films is then detected by wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The comparison between the ultimate strengths and strengths at breaks of the films produced with different process parameters, including the suspension injection rate, bath pH, and bath flow rate, indicated no significant change in mechanical properties, suggesting a reliable and constant outcome for large-scale film fabrication. Furthermore, the produced films demonstrated high total light transmittance of 93 % at the wavelength of 550 nm, making them suitable for optoelectronic applications. Polarized optical microscopy revealed that even a low degree of CNF alignment can lead to anisotropic optical properties. Moreover, an anisotropic response to humidity was observed, in which the films preferentially bend in the perpendicular direction of the CNF orientation, thus opening a way for humidity-driven actuators.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier BV, 2024
Keywords
Alignment, Anisotropy, Humidity, Optical Properties, Processes, Production, Thin Films, Wet Spinning, Anisotropy, Cellulose films, Nanocellulose, Nanofibers, Optical properties, Spinning (fibers), Suspensions (fluids), Thin films, X ray scattering, carboxyl group, cellulose nanofiber, hydrochloric acid, methyl group, nanocellulose, nanofilm, Cellulose nanofibril film, Cellulose nanofibrils, Continuous production, Film alignment, Film production, Humidity actuation, Nanocellulose films, Optical transparency, Wet-spinning, anisotropy, Article, atomic force microscopy, birefringence, comparative study, controlled study, flow rate, nanofabrication, optics, pH, polarization microscopy, radiation scattering, reproducibility, scanning electron microscopy, suspension, tensile strength, ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry, wet spinning approach, wide angle X ray scattering, Alignment
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-74721 (URN)10.1016/j.colsurfa.2024.134673 (DOI)2-s2.0-85199392032 (Scopus ID)
Funder
Academy of Finland, 318890Academy of Finland, 318891
Note

This work was financially supported and part of the Academy of Finland's Flagship Program under Projects No. 318890 and 318891 (Competence Center for Materials Bioeconomy, FinnCERES). BioEconomy and RaMi infrastructures were employed in this work. Karl Håkansson kindly acknowledge the financial support from the Nils and Dorthi Troedsson Research fund. T.A. acknowledges the Chair in Sustainable Materials at EPFL, co-funded by BASF, Logitech, Nestlé, and SIG. Dr. Hoang M. Nguyen is acknowledged for his help in acquiring the AFM images.

Available from: 2024-08-08 Created: 2024-08-08 Last updated: 2024-09-09Bibliographically approved
Mulla, Y., Isacsson, P., Dobryden, I., Beni, V., Östmark, E., Håkansson, K. & Edberg, J. (2023). Bio-Graphene Sensors for Monitoring Moisture Levels in Wood and Ambient Environment. Global Challenges, 7(4)
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Bio-Graphene Sensors for Monitoring Moisture Levels in Wood and Ambient Environment
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2023 (English)In: Global Challenges, E-ISSN 2056-6646, Vol. 7, no 4Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Wood is an inherently hygroscopic material which tends to absorb moisture from its surrounding. Moisture in wood is a determining factor for the quality of wood being employed in construction, since it causes weakening, deformation, rotting, and ultimately leading to failure of the structures resulting in costs to the economy, the environment, and to the safety of residents. Therefore, monitoring moisture in wood during the construction phase and after construction is vital for the future of smart and sustainable buildings. Employing bio-based materials for the construction of electronics is one way to mitigate the environmental impact of such electronics. Herein, a bio-graphene sensor for monitoring the moisture inside and around wooden surfaces is fabricated using laser-induced graphitization of a lignin-based ink precursor. The bio-graphene sensors are used to measure humidity in the range of 10% up to 90% at 25 °C. Using laser induced graphitization, conductor resistivity of 18.6 Ω sq−1 is obtained for spruce wood and 57.1 Ω sq−1 for pine wood. The sensitivity of sensors fabricated on spruce and pine wood is 2.6 and 0.74 MΩ per % RH. Surface morphology and degree of graphitization are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis methods. © 2023 The Authors. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023
Keywords
cellulose, humidity sensors, laser-induced graphene, lignin, moisture sensors, wood
National Category
Wood Science
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-64231 (URN)10.1002/gch2.202200235 (DOI)2-s2.0-85148603362 (Scopus ID)
Note

Article; Export Date: 15 March 2023; Correspondence Address: J. Edberg, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Sweden;

 The authors would like to acknowledge funding from Vinnova for the Digital Cellulose Competence Center (DCC), Diary number 2016–05193, as well as financial support from Stora Enso AB. The work was also supported by Treesearch.se. Dr. Robert Brooke is thankfully acknowledged for taking the picture and video for Figure 7 and Video S1 , Supporting Information respectively.

Available from: 2023-03-20 Created: 2023-03-20 Last updated: 2024-05-27Bibliographically approved
Brooke, R., Lay, M., Jain, K., Francon, H., Say, M., Belaineh Yilma, D., . . . Berggren, M. (2023). Nanocellulose and PEDOT:PSS composites and their applications. Polymer Reviews (2), 437
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Nanocellulose and PEDOT:PSS composites and their applications
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2023 (English)In: Polymer Reviews, ISSN 1558-3724, no 2, p. 437-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The need for achieving sustainable technologies has encouraged research on renewable and biodegradable materials for novel products that are clean, green, and environmentally friendly. Nanocellulose (NC) has many attractive properties such as high mechanical strength and flexibility, large specific surface area, in addition to possessing good wet stability and resistance to tough chemical environments. NC has also been shown to easily integrate with other materials to form composites. By combining it with conductive and electroactive materials, many of the advantageous properties of NC can be transferred to the resulting composites. Conductive polymers, in particular poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), have been successfully combined with cellulose derivatives where suspensions of NC particles and colloids of PEDOT:PSS are made to interact at a molecular level. Alternatively, different polymerization techniques have been used to coat the cellulose fibrils. When processed in liquid form, the resulting mixture can be used as a conductive ink. This review outlines the preparation of NC/PEDOT:PSS composites and their fabrication in the form of electronic nanopapers, filaments, and conductive aerogels. We also discuss the molecular interaction between NC and PEDOT:PSS and the factors that affect the bonding properties. Finally, we address their potential applications in energy storage and harvesting, sensors, actuators, and bioelectronics. © 2022 The Author(s). 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023
Keywords
cellulose, composites, conductive polymers, nanocellulose, PEDOT, Aerogels, Chemical bonds, Chemical stability, Sols, Styrene, Suspensions (fluids), Biodegradable material, Conductive Polymer, Ethylenedioxythiophenes, High mechanical strength, Nano-cellulose, Poly(styrene sulfonate), Property, Renewable materials, Sustainable technology, Conducting polymers
National Category
Chemical Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-60200 (URN)10.1080/15583724.2022.2106491 (DOI)2-s2.0-85136111219 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding details: Dimbleby Cancer Care, DCC, 2016–05193; Funding details: Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning, SSF, GMT14-0058; Funding details: Wallenberg Wood Science Center, WWSC; Funding text 1: The authors would like to acknowledge funding from Vinnova for the Digital Cellulose Competence Center (DCC), Diary number 2016–05193, the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (GMT14-0058) and the Wallenberg Wood Science Centre.

Available from: 2022-09-22 Created: 2022-09-22 Last updated: 2023-06-30Bibliographically approved
Ahmed, F., Ding, P., Ail, U., Warczak, M., Grimoldi, A., Ederth, T., . . . Crispin, X. (2022). Manufacturing Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrocatalytic Sheets for Large-Scale H2O2 Production. Advanced Sustainable Systems, 6(1), Article ID 2100316.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Manufacturing Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrocatalytic Sheets for Large-Scale H2O2 Production
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2022 (English)In: Advanced Sustainable Systems, ISSN 2366-7486, Vol. 6, no 1, article id 2100316Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Producing thick films of conducting polymers by a low-cost manufacturing technique would enable new applications. However, removing huge solvent volume from diluted suspension or dispersion (1–3 wt%) in which conducting polymers are typically obtained is a true manufacturing challenge. In this work, a procedure is proposed to quickly remove water from the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) suspension. The PEDOT:PSS suspension is first flocculated with 1 m H2SO4 transforming PEDOT nanoparticles (≈50–500 nm) into soft microparticles. A filtration process inspired by pulp dewatering in a paper machine on a wire mesh with apertures dimension between 60 µm and 0.5 mm leads to thick free-standing films (≈0.5 mm). Wire mesh clogging that hinders dewatering (known as dead-end filtration) is overcome by adding to the flocculated PEDOT:PSS dispersion carbon fibers that aggregate and form efficient water channels. Moreover, this enables fast formation of thick layers under simple atmospheric pressure filtration, thus making the process truly scalable. Thick freestanding PEDOT films thus obtained are used as electrocatalysts for efficient reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide, a promising green chemical and fuel. The inhomogeneity of the films does not affect their electrochemical function. © 2021 The Authors. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022
Keywords
conducting polymers, fast dewatering, H 2O 2 production, large-scale, low-cost, thick films, Atmospheric pressure, Dewatering, Electrocatalysts, Flocculation, Mesh generation, Electrocatalytic, Ethylenedioxythiophenes, Large-scales, Low cost manufacturing, Low-costs, Sulphonates, Sustainable systems, Wire meshes, Costs
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-57068 (URN)10.1002/adsu.202100316 (DOI)2-s2.0-85119125155 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding details: Linköpings Universitet, LiU, 2009‐00971; Funding details: Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Funding details: Vetenskapsrådet, VR, 2016–05990, VR 2019–05577; Funding text 1: This work was financially supported by the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at Linköping University (Faculty Grant SFO‐Mat‐LiU No. 2009‐00971), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (HO, Cellfion), Swedish Research Council (grant 2016–05990), and Swedish Research Council (VR 2019–05577, flexible metal‐air primary batteries). 2 2

Available from: 2021-11-25 Created: 2021-11-25 Last updated: 2023-05-23Bibliographically approved
Belaineh Yilma, D., Brooke, R., Sani, N., Say, M., Håkansson, K. M., Engquist, I., . . . Edberg, J. (2022). Printable carbon-based supercapacitors reinforced with cellulose and conductive polymers. Journal of Energy Storage, 50, Article ID 104224.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Printable carbon-based supercapacitors reinforced with cellulose and conductive polymers
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2022 (English)In: Journal of Energy Storage, ISSN 2352-152X, E-ISSN 2352-1538, Vol. 50, article id 104224Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Sustainable electrical energy storage is one of the most important scientific endeavors of this century. Battery and supercapacitor technologies are here crucial, but typically the current state of the art suffers from either lack of large-scale production possibilities, sustainability or insufficient performance and hence cannot match growing demands in society. Paper and cellulosic materials are mature scalable templates for industrial roll-to-roll production. Organic materials, such as conducting polymers, and carbon derivatives are materials that can be synthesized or derived from abundant sources. Here, we report the combination of cellulose, PEDOT:PSS and carbon derivatives for bulk supercapacitor electrodes adapted for printed electronics. Cellulose provides a mesoscopic mesh for the organization of the active ingredients. Furthermore, the PEDOT:PSS in combination with carbon provides superior device characteristics when comparing to the previously standard combination of activated carbon and carbon black. PEDOT:PSS acts as a mixed ion-electron conducting glue, which physically binds activated carbon particles together, while at the same time facilitating swift transport of both electrons and ions. A surprisingly small amount (10%) of PEDOT:PSS is needed to achieve an optimal performance. This work shows that cellulose added to PEDOT:PSS-carbon enables high-performing, mechanically stable, printed supercapacitor electrodes using a combination of printing methods.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2022
Keywords
Cellulose, Energy storage, PEDOT, Printed electronics, Screen printing, Supercapacitor, Activated carbon, Carbon black, Conducting polymers, Electrodes, 'current, Carbon-based, Cellulose polymers, Conductive Polymer, Electrical energy storages, PEDOT/PSS, State of the art, Supercapacitor electrodes, Organic Materials, Polymers, Production, Silk Screen Printing
National Category
Materials Chemistry
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-59014 (URN)10.1016/j.est.2022.104224 (DOI)2-s2.0-85124628899 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding details: Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning, SSF, GMT14-0058; Funding text 1: This work was financially supported by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (GMT14-0058). The work was also supported by Treesearch (treesearch.se).

Available from: 2022-04-21 Created: 2022-04-21 Last updated: 2023-08-28Bibliographically approved
Isacsson, P., Jain, K., Fall, A., Chauve, V., Hajian, A., Granberg, H., . . . Wågberg, L. (2022). Production of energy-storage paper electrodes using a pilot-scale paper machine. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 10(40), 21579-21589
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Production of energy-storage paper electrodes using a pilot-scale paper machine
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2022 (English)In: Journal of Materials Chemistry A, ISSN 2050-7488, E-ISSN 2050-7496, Vol. 10, no 40, p. 21579-21589Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The global efforts in electrifying our society drive the demand for low-cost and sustainable energy storage solutions. In the present work, a novel material concept was investigated to enable fabrication of several 10 meter-long rolls of supercapacitor paper electrodes on a pilot-scale paper machine. The material concept was based on cationized, cellulose-rich wood-derived fibres, conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS, and activated carbon filler particles. Cationic fibres saturated with anionic PEDOT:PSS provide a conducting scaffold hosting the activated carbon, which functions as the active charge-storage material. The response from further additives was systematically investigated for several critical paper properties. Cellulose nanofibrils were found to improve mechanical properties, while carbon black enhanced both the conductivity and the storage capacity of the activated carbon, reaching a specific capacitance of 67 F g−1. This pilot trial shows that “classical” papermaking methods are fit for the purpose and provides valuable insights on how to further advance bio-based energy storage solutions for large-scale applications.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022
Keywords
Activated carbon, Carbon black, Cellulose, Conducting polymers, Electrodes, Energy storage, Filled polymers, Fillers, Paper products, Papermaking, Papermaking machinery, Storage (materials), Wood, Carbon fillers, Cationized, Low-cost energy, Material concepts, Novel materials, Paper machine, PEDOT/PSS, Pilot scale, Storage solutions, Sustainable energy, Additives
National Category
Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-61214 (URN)10.1039/d2ta04431e (DOI)2-s2.0-85140059550 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding text 1: This work has been carried out in the Digital Cellulose Center, in which Agfa has kindly supplied PEDOT:PSS and Ahlstrom-Munksjö has kindly put their pilot paper machine to the project's disposal as well as offered analytical services (TGA, ionic demand and cross-section SEM/EDX). A special thanks to Robert Brooke at Research Institutes of Sweden who has created the conceptual visualization in Fig. 1B. We also acknowledge support from Treesearch, a collaboration platform for Swedish forest industrial research.

Available from: 2022-12-02 Created: 2022-12-02 Last updated: 2023-12-06Bibliographically approved
Breijaert, T. C., Daniel, G., Hedlund, D., Svedlindh, P., Kessler, V. G., Granberg, H., . . . Seisenbaeva, G. A. (2022). Self-assembly of ferria – nanocellulose composite fibres. Carbohydrate Polymers, 291, Article ID 119560.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Self-assembly of ferria – nanocellulose composite fibres
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2022 (English)In: Carbohydrate Polymers, ISSN 0144-8617, E-ISSN 1879-1344, Vol. 291, article id 119560Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

An environmentally benign synthesis of a magnetically responsive carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibril-based material is reported. Applied experimental conditions lead to the in-situ formation of magnetite nanoparticles with primary particle sizes of 2.0–4.0 nm or secondary particles of 3.6–16.4 nm depending on whether nucleation occurred between individual carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils, or on exposed fibril surfaces. The increase in magnetite particle size on the cellulose fibril surfaces was attributed to Ostwald ripening, while the small particles formed within the carboxymethyl cellulose aggregates were presumably due to steric interactions. The magnetite nanoparticles were capable of coordinating to carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils to form large “fibre-like” assemblies. The confinement of small particles within aggregates of reductive cellulose molecules was most likely responsible for excellent conservation of magnetic characteristics on storage of this material. The possibility for using the material in drug delivery applications with release rate controlled by daylight illumination is presented. © 2022 The Author(s)

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2022
Keywords
Hybrid materials, Magnetic composites, Magnetite, Nanocellulose, Photo-induced drug delivery, Aggregates, Controlled drug delivery, Magnetic storage, Magnetite nanoparticles, Nanofibers, Nanomagnetics, Ostwald ripening, Particle size, Self assembly, Targeted drug delivery, Carboxymethylated cellulose, Cellulose nanofibrils, Composite fibres, Environmentally benign synthesis, Hybrids material, Nano-cellulose, Photo-induced, Small particles
National Category
Polymer Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-59208 (URN)10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119560 (DOI)2-s2.0-85129742919 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding details: Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Funding details: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, SLU; Funding text 1: The authors express their gratitude to the Swedish Research Council STINT for support of the grant Nanocellulose Based Materials for Environmental and Theranostic Applications and to the Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences, SLU for support of TB PhD position.

Available from: 2022-06-10 Created: 2022-06-10 Last updated: 2023-05-23Bibliographically approved
Fall, A., Hagel, F., Edberg, J., Malti, A., Larsson, P. A., Wågberg, L., . . . Håkansson, K. M. (2022). Spinning of Stiff and Conductive Filaments from Cellulose Nanofibrils and PEDOT:PSS Nanocomplexes. ACS Applied Polymer Materials, 4(6), 4119
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Spinning of Stiff and Conductive Filaments from Cellulose Nanofibrils and PEDOT:PSS Nanocomplexes
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2022 (English)In: ACS Applied Polymer Materials, ISSN 2637-6105, Vol. 4, no 6, p. 4119-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Research in smart textiles is growing due to the increased demand from the healthcare sector and people's urge to keep track of and analyze the signals and metrics from their bodies. Electrically conductive filaments are the most fundamental material for smart textiles. These filaments can be imbued with functionalities and useful in fields like energy storage, sensing, and actuation. To be able to meet the requirements that the latter applications require, fabrication techniques must be developed to provide better processability and sustainability in a cost-effective manner. Here, a mixture of a conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and biobased cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) was used to spin filaments utilizing a water-based process. These filaments show electrical conductivities up to 150 S/cm and tensile stiffness of 20 GPa. Interestingly, the PEDOT aligned to a similar degree as the CNFs during the spinning process without a drawing step, which is hypothesized to be caused by the attachment of PEDOT on the CNFs. Lastly, the filaments were tested in an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) configuration, which resulted in a working device with an on/off ratio approaching 1500. Furthermore, the OECT exhibited stable behavior when changing temperature (20-80 °C) and relative humidity (40-80%). This aqueous spinning method, resulting in filaments with robust electronic properties in different temperature and humidity environments, show greats promise for future innovative smart textiles.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
American Chemical Society, 2022
Keywords
cellulose nanofibrils, filament, PEDOT:PSS, smart textile, spinning, water-based, Conducting polymers, Cost effectiveness, Electronic properties, Nanocellulose, Smart textiles, Spinning (fibers), Conductive filaments, Ethylenedioxythiophenes, Healthcare sectors, Nanocomplexes, Organic electrochemical transistors, Poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene):PSS, Water based, Nanofibers
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-59766 (URN)10.1021/acsapm.2c00073 (DOI)2-s2.0-85131674019 (Scopus ID)
Note

This work was funded by the Swedish Foundation for StrategicResearch (GMT14-0058) and the Digital Cellulose Center(2016−05193), a competence center set up by the SwedishInnovation Agency VINNOVA and a consortium of Swedishforest industries. L.W. also acknowledges the financial supportfrom the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Research Foundation viathe Wallenberg Wood Science Centre (WWSC).

Available from: 2022-07-08 Created: 2022-07-08 Last updated: 2023-12-06Bibliographically approved
Håkansson, K. (2021). Effect of carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibril concentration regime upon material forming on mechanical properties in films and filaments. Cellulose, 28, 881-895
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Effect of carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibril concentration regime upon material forming on mechanical properties in films and filaments
2021 (English)In: Cellulose, ISSN 0969-0239, E-ISSN 1572-882X, Vol. 28, p. 881-895Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Abstract: It is predicted that the forest and materials from the forest will play an important role to enable the transformation from our linear present to a circular and sustainable future. Therefore, there is a need to understand the materials that can be extracted from the forest, and how to use them in an efficient manner. Here, carboxymethylated cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) from the forest are used to produce films and filaments with the aim to preserve the impressive mechanical properties of a single CNF in a macro-scale material. The mechanical properties of both the films (tensile strength of 231 MPa) and filaments (tensile strength of 645 MPa) are demonstrated to be maximized when the starting suspension is in a flowing state. This is a new insight with regards to filament spinning of CNF, and it is here argued that the three main factors contributing to the mechanical properties of the filaments are (1) the possibility to produce a self-supporting filament from a suspension, (2) the CNF alignment inside the filament and (3) the spatial homogeneity of the starting suspension. The results in this study could possibly also apply to other nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and silk protein fibrils, which are predicted to play a large part in future high performing applications. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021
Keywords
Cellulose nanofibril, Filament, Films, Material manufacturing, Spinning, Cellulose, Cellulose nanocrystals, Forestry, Linear transformations, Mathematical transformations, Nanofibers, Tensile strength, Carboxymethylated cellulose, High-performing applications, Large parts, Macro scale, Material forming, Nanofibril, Silk proteins, Spatial homogeneity, Cellulose films
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-50986 (URN)10.1007/s10570-020-03566-z (DOI)2-s2.0-85096055782 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding details: Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas, 2014-183; Funding details: Stiftelsen för Strategisk Forskning, SSF; Funding text 1: Åsa Engström, AnneMarie Runebjörk, Shadi Samadnouri, Anita Teleman and Anders Reiman are thanked for excellent supporting work. Fredrik Lundell, Andreas Fall, Tiffany Abitbol, Daniel Söderberg, Tobias Köhnke, Oleksandr Nechyporchuk and Bengt Hagström are greatly acknowledged for fruitful discussions. BillerudKorsnäs, Borregaard, Fibria, Hansol Paper, Holmen, ITC, Mercer, Storaenso, Södra, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research and FORMAS Project No. 2014-183 are acknowledged for their financial contribution.

Available from: 2020-12-11 Created: 2020-12-11 Last updated: 2023-05-23Bibliographically approved
Sandberg, M., Håkansson, K. & Granberg, H. (2020). Paper machine manufactured photocatalysts: Lateral variations. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 8, Article ID 104075.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Paper machine manufactured photocatalysts: Lateral variations
2020 (English)In: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, E-ISSN 2213-3437, Vol. 8, article id 104075Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Paper machine manufacturing of photocatalysts can enable low cost devices for removal of low concentratedpollutants. Lateral variations originating from the paper making process leads to variations of the catalyticactivity over the paper area. Paper machine manufactured papers made from tetrapodal ZnO whiskers and kraftpulp were investigated in this test geometry using simulated solar light. Photocatalytic ZnO papers were laminatedbetween polyethylene sheets and an indicator solution seeped into the laminated photocatalytic paper, tocreate a test geometry where the indicator ink is confined to a small volume between the polyethylene sheets.The photocatalyst papers exhibited surprisingly similar photocatalytic behavior although having different catalystloading 15, 30 and 45 wt percent. All papers exhibited lateral variations that peaked during the conversion.The results show that production of effective photocatalytic composite papers can be scaled.Further, the results show that variations must be considered for photocatalytic papers.

Keywords
Paper machine, Photocatalyst, Lateral variations, Laminate, Large scale
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-45054 (URN)10.1016/j.jece.2020.104075 (DOI)
Available from: 2020-06-11 Created: 2020-06-11 Last updated: 2023-05-25
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-4919-1771

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