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Bram, S., Burgén, J., Dederichs, A. & Hedvall, P.-O. (2025). No one left behind: A universal design analysis of ship evacuation. Applied Ergonomics, 123, Article ID 104406.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>No one left behind: A universal design analysis of ship evacuation
2025 (English)In: Applied Ergonomics, ISSN 0003-6870, E-ISSN 1872-9126, Vol. 123, article id 104406Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

An accident on a passenger ferry may lead to evacuation using lifeboats or liferafts, a process that can be both complex and hazardous. This paper investigates the level of safety for passengers during evacuation based on field study and interview data. In the analysis, the eight goals of Universal Design (UD) were tailored and used to explore what ship and interior characteristics influence evacuation performance and the demands placed on the crew and passengers, and whether all passengers have equal chances of completing evacuation safely. Results suggest that while a ship may fulfil regulation, completing an evacuation may pose challenges for passengers with varying abilities, for example, when attempting to perceive emergency information or move through the ship. In addition, it was found that an evacuation may present the crew with challenges and difficult trade-offs that are not always accounted for in the ship’s design, equipment and safety organization. It is concluded that the use of a UD approach in ship design, based on a truthful representation of passenger demographics, could enhance passenger safety and provide for evacuation on equal terms.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier Ltd, 2025
Keywords
Accidents; Adult; Equipment Design; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Safety; Ships; Young Adult; Design Analysis; Emergency information; Evacuation; Field interviews; Field studies; Level of safeties; Passenger ferries; Performance; Ship designs; Universal Design; accident; adult; equipment design; female; human; male; middle aged; safety; ship; young adult; Lifeboats
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-78080 (URN)10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104406 (DOI)2-s2.0-85207914805 (Scopus ID)
Note

Thanks to the Swedish Transport Administration for funding the project.

Available from: 2025-03-24 Created: 2025-03-24 Last updated: 2025-03-24Bibliographically approved
Dederichs, A. (2024). Book of Abstracts : NFSD Nordic Fire and Safety Days: June 18-19, 2024 in Lund, Sweden. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Book of Abstracts : NFSD Nordic Fire and Safety Days: June 18-19, 2024 in Lund, Sweden
2024 (English)Report (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 2024. p. 158
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2024:49
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-73548 (URN)10.23699/yns7-3n56 (DOI)978-91-89971-08-0 (ISBN)
Available from: 2024-06-13 Created: 2024-06-13 Last updated: 2024-07-14Bibliographically approved
Bogatyy, V. V., Beck Meincke, M. & Dederichs, A. (2024). Firefighting Engineering - Fire brigade intervention model in Danish fire safety design. In: BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Nordic Fire & Safety: . Paper presented at Nordic Fire & Safety Days 2024 in Lund. (pp. 23).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Firefighting Engineering - Fire brigade intervention model in Danish fire safety design
2024 (English)In: BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Nordic Fire & Safety, 2024, p. 23-Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2024:49
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-73649 (URN)10.23699/yns7-3n56 (DOI)978-91-89971-08-0 (ISBN)
Conference
Nordic Fire & Safety Days 2024 in Lund.
Available from: 2024-06-24 Created: 2024-06-24 Last updated: 2024-06-25Bibliographically approved
Askov Stærkjær, K. & Dederichs, A. (2024). Sustainable materials in buildings : the influence of wind barriers on fire safety. In: BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Nordic Fire & Safety: . Paper presented at Nordic Fire & Safety Days 2024 in Lund, Sweden. 18-19 June, 2024 (pp. 45). RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Sustainable materials in buildings : the influence of wind barriers on fire safety
2024 (English)In: BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Nordic Fire & Safety, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden , 2024, p. 45-Conference paper, Oral presentation with published abstract (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 2024
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2024:49
National Category
Materials Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-73654 (URN)10.23699/yns7-3n56 (DOI)978-91-89971-08-0 (ISBN)
Conference
Nordic Fire & Safety Days 2024 in Lund, Sweden. 18-19 June, 2024
Available from: 2024-06-24 Created: 2024-06-24 Last updated: 2024-06-24Bibliographically approved
Berard, L., Otxoterena Af Drake, P. & Dederichs, A. (2023). Compounds Produced by the Pyrolysis of Powders and Dusts Present in the Alimentary Industry. Combustion Science and Technology, 195(3), 419
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Compounds Produced by the Pyrolysis of Powders and Dusts Present in the Alimentary Industry
2023 (English)In: Combustion Science and Technology, ISSN 0010-2202, E-ISSN 1563-521X, Vol. 195, no 3, p. 419-Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Under certain conditions dust explosions occur in the alimentary industry. Following ATEX and other guidelines have not eliminated accidents. Therefore, more knowledge is needed. The current work delivers experimental results describing phase transitions and decomposition of dusts. Dusts from wheat flour, chili powder, corn starch, milk powder, cocoa powder, and by-product of grain are investigated. The temperature of pyrolisation has been identified using TGA to be in the range [250°C, 600°C] in air and [300°C, 450°C] in nitrogen. It was found that the compositions of the pyrolysis gases depend on temperature. Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, and hydrogen were the main contributors to the pyrolysis gases. The distributions are described with a polynomial or Gaussian fit. The current paper proposes coefficients for Gaussian polynomials expressing the concentration for the four primary pyrolysis gases. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023
Keywords
biomass, combustion, Dust, explosion, Pysolysis, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Dairies, Pyrolysis, Cocoa powder, Corn starch, Dust explosion, Gaussian fits, Gaussian polynomials, Milk powder, Wheat flours
National Category
Environmental Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-56018 (URN)10.1080/00102202.2021.1956911 (DOI)2-s2.0-85112316574 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2021-08-30 Created: 2021-08-30 Last updated: 2023-06-05Bibliographically approved
Dederichs, A. (Ed.). (2022). Nordic Fire and Safety Days 2022 – Book of Abstracts. Paper presented at Nordic Fire and Safety Days 2022. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Nordic Fire and Safety Days 2022 – Book of Abstracts
2022 (English)Conference proceedings (editor) (Other academic)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 2022
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2022:72
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-59188 (URN)10.23699/sgj7-kd69 (DOI)978-91-89711-12-9 (ISBN)
Conference
Nordic Fire and Safety Days 2022
Available from: 2022-05-10 Created: 2022-05-10 Last updated: 2023-05-09Bibliographically approved
Sandinge, A., Blomqvist, P., Sørensen, L. & Dederichs, A. (2022). The Effect of Accelerated Ageing on Reaction-to-Fire Properties–Composite Materials. Fire technology, 58(3), 1305-1332
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The Effect of Accelerated Ageing on Reaction-to-Fire Properties–Composite Materials
2022 (English)In: Fire technology, ISSN 0015-2684, E-ISSN 1572-8099, Vol. 58, no 3, p. 1305-1332Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

As material age, the durability, strength, and other mechanical properties are impacted. The lifespan of a material generally decreases when exposed to weathering conditions such as wind, temperature, humidity, and light. It is important to have knowledge of how materials age and how the material properties are affected. Regarding materials´ fire behaviour and the effect of ageing on these properties, the knowledge is limited. The research questions of the current work are: Are the fire properties of composite materials affected by ageing? And if so, how is it affected? The study is on material at Technology Readiness Level 9 (TRL). In this study, three composite fibre laminates developed for marine applications were exposed to accelerated ageing. Two different ageing conditions were selected, thermal ageing with an increased temperature of 90°C and moisture ageing in a moderately increased temperature of 40°C and a relative humidity of 90%. Samples were collected after one, two and four weeks of ageing. The reaction-to-fire properties after ageing was evaluated using the ISO 5660–1 cone calorimeter and the EN ISO 5659–2 smoke chamber with FTIR gas analysis. The test results showed that the fire behaviour was affected. Two of the composite laminates, both phenolic/basalt composites, showed a deteriorated fire behaviour from the thermal ageing and the third composite laminate, a PFA/glass fibre composite, showed an improved fire behaviour both for thermal and moisture ageing. The smoke toxicity was affected by the accelerated ageing, especially for the PFA/glass fibre composite that showed a higher production of CO and HCN, both for the thermal aged and the moisture aged samples. © 2021, The Author(s).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer, 2022
Keywords
Accelerated ageing, Composite laminates, Cone calorimeter, Moisture exposure, Reaction-to-fire, Smoke density, Thermal exposure, Toxicity, Durability, Fires, Laminated composites, Marine applications, Smoke, %moisture, Composite laminate, Fire behaviour, Fire properties, Reaction to fire, Moisture
National Category
Composite Science and Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-57366 (URN)10.1007/s10694-021-01197-9 (DOI)2-s2.0-85119970365 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding details: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, 723246; Funding text 1: The research presented is a part of the RAMSSES project which has received funding under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 723246.

Available from: 2021-12-17 Created: 2021-12-17 Last updated: 2023-06-05Bibliographically approved
Dederichs, A. (Ed.). (2021). NFSD Nordic Fire & Safety Days: Book of abstracts from the digital NFSD Nordic Fire & Safety Days 15-16 of June 2021. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>NFSD Nordic Fire & Safety Days: Book of abstracts from the digital NFSD Nordic Fire & Safety Days 15-16 of June 2021
2021 (English)Conference proceedings (editor) (Refereed)
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 2021. p. 70
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2021:56
National Category
Natural Sciences
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-53440 (URN)10.23699/m1sz-2n56 (DOI)978-91-89385-45-0 (ISBN)
Available from: 2021-05-31 Created: 2021-05-31 Last updated: 2023-05-09Bibliographically approved
Sandinge, A., Blomqvist, P., Dederichs, A. & Markert, F. (2021). The necessity of accelerated ageing in fire performance assessments of composite materials. Safety Science, 141, Article ID 105358.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>The necessity of accelerated ageing in fire performance assessments of composite materials
2021 (English)In: Safety Science, ISSN 0925-7535, E-ISSN 1879-1042, Vol. 141, article id 105358Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The market for lightweight fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites is growing. This is seen within advanced applications for e.g. aeronautics, modern ship vessels and railway vehicles. FRPs are often used to save weight, but the downside is that they are ignitable, which implies a potential higher fire risk. It is thus important to thoroughly characterise the material properties of FRPs, including the fire performance, in order to ensure a high safety level. Fire performance testing is made with newly produced materials to show the conformance to required standard test. However, the impact of ageing on the fire performance of materials and products is not mandatory information and hardly ever known. This is still an overlooked matter that is important to address for combustible materials in transport applications, where the requirements of personal safety are especially high. Accelerated ageing is a method to expose materials and products to various environmental parameters for a simulation of long-term usage. Within a few days, weeks or months the damage and degradation of the materials can occur, which normally would be after years in normal climate and after normal usage. Fire performance testing of test samples subjected to accelerated ageing would potentially give important information on the long-term safety of the end-use application of FRPs. The objective of this paper is twofold. One is to find out if the industry, society and research need to deal with the effect of ageing on materials in relation to fire safety as this is not dealt with in fire regulations. And further to identify the state-of-the-art of accelerated ageing methods relevant for Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) materials. In summary, the findings in the literature were limited of reported ageing effects of FRPs, with respect to the fire behaviour. An important conclusion is that there is a major lack of knowledge regarding material aging and fire behaviour, especially for FRPs. However, the identified ageing studies showed that both fire and mechanical properties were affected by ageing. The accelerated ageing methods described in literature was not consequently applied. The ageing methods were special designed for each study and application of material. All methods need a proper validation applying real time ageing. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V., 2021
Keywords
Accelerated ageing, Ageing, Composite materials, Fire behaviour
National Category
Building Technologies
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-53520 (URN)10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105358 (DOI)2-s2.0-85107137517 (Scopus ID)
Note

Funding details: Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, 723246; Funding details: Horizon 2020; Funding text 1: The research is a part of the RAMSSES project which has received funding under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 723246.; Funding text 2: The research is a part of the RAMSSES project which has received funding under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 723246.

Available from: 2021-06-17 Created: 2021-06-17 Last updated: 2023-06-05Bibliographically approved
Sandinge, A., Blomqvist, P. & Dederichs, A. (2020). Does age matter?: Impact on fire safety properties of composite materials from ageing. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Paper presented at 41st Riso International Symposium on Materials Science: Materials and Design for Next Generation Wind Turbine Blades, 7 September 2020 through 10 September 2020. IOP Publishing Ltd, 942(1), Article ID 012042.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Does age matter?: Impact on fire safety properties of composite materials from ageing
2020 (English)In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, IOP Publishing Ltd , 2020, Vol. 942, no 1, article id 012042Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed)
Abstract [en]

When materials are tested and classified before entering the market, they are mainly tested as newly produced. However, it is known that material properties change with time and when exposed to temperature, humidity, wind and light. As a result, it is important to have knowledge of how material age and which parameters are affected in order to retain safety. Studies show how the mechanical properties change when the materials age. But not much can be found in literature about the ageing effect on fire properties. In the present study, accelerated ageing testing was made with a composite material of phenolic resin and basalt fibres. Selected ageing methods applied were thermal ageing at 90 C and moisture ageing at 40 C and 90 % Relative Humidity. Samples were collected from ageing chambers after one, two and four weeks. To investigate the ageing effect on the fire properties of the composite, fire testing was conducted using cone calorimetry according to ISO 5660-1. The test results showed that ageing does matter. There was an impact on the material and the fire properties were affected. The ignition time decreased for the aged samples and the heat release rate slightly increased. Also, the smoke production increased with ageing. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020
National Category
Engineering and Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-50974 (URN)10.1088/1757-899X/942/1/012042 (DOI)2-s2.0-85096493482 (Scopus ID)
Conference
41st Riso International Symposium on Materials Science: Materials and Design for Next Generation Wind Turbine Blades, 7 September 2020 through 10 September 2020
Available from: 2020-12-16 Created: 2020-12-16 Last updated: 2023-06-05Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0002-6120-2461

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