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Publications (10 of 21) Show all publications
Costa, N. & Fabricius, V. (2024). Operating MASS Passenger Ferry MF Estelle - Shifting Work from Ship to Shore. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Operating MASS Passenger Ferry MF Estelle - Shifting Work from Ship to Shore
2024 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) refer to vessels that can be remotely controlled or operate independently of human interaction to a higher degree. This report is part of the deliverables in the project “Policy Lab Urban Zeas (PLUZ)” exploring the safety case for automated public ferry transport based on pioneering trials with the ferry MF Estelle crossing Riddarfjärden in Stockholm. This report takes a Human Factors perspective on current and envisioned future operations including a shift of the human operator from ship to shore. It highlights incremental development stages towards establishing a Remote Operations Centre (ROC), from which an operator will supervise Estelle. The adaptation of operator tasks, functions, and responsibilities from ship to shore is shortly discussed, and so is the distribution of tasks and teamwork between the ROC operator and the remaining on-board passenger attendant.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 2024. p. 20
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2024:110
Keywords
MASS, passenger ferry, remote operations, human factors
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-76705 (URN)978-91-89971-78-3 (ISBN)
Available from: 2025-01-22 Created: 2025-01-22 Last updated: 2025-01-22Bibliographically approved
Williamsson, J., Costa, N., Santén, V. & Rogerson, S. (2022). Barriers and Drivers to the Implementation of Onshore Power Supply—A Literature Review. Sustainability, 14(10), Article ID 6072.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Barriers and Drivers to the Implementation of Onshore Power Supply—A Literature Review
2022 (English)In: Sustainability, E-ISSN 2071-1050, Vol. 14, no 10, article id 6072Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

Onshore power supply (OPS) reduces emissions from vessels docked in port. Historically, the uptake of OPS has been low, and research indicates that potential OPS adopters face multiple complex barriers. Based on a systematic literature review, this paper presents a framework for categorizing barriers and drivers to the implementation of OPS and identifies potential areas for future research. The review indicates that research on barriers to OPS was limited until 2019, when interest increased considerably, coinciding with mounting stakeholder concerns and regulatory pressure. The suggested framework divides barriers and drivers divided into four key categories: (i) technology and operations, (ii) institutional elements, (iii) economic elements, and (iv) stakeholder elements. The framework then superimposes those categories on three main areas of concern: port, transmission, and vessel. Research has identified potential solutions to specific barriers, but the complexity of OPS highlights the need for a collaborative approach to OPS. Additionally, as regulatory pressure is rising, more research is needed on the systemic implications of OPS as well as the potential use of incentives, pricing, and business models to tackle the high cost of implementation. © 2022 by the authors. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
MDPI, 2022
Keywords
barriers, cold ironing, drivers, onshore power supply, shore-side electricity, cost analysis, electrical power, literature review, stakeholder
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-60386 (URN)10.3390/su14106072 (DOI)2-s2.0-85130701923 (Scopus ID)
Note

 Funding details: Trafikverket, TRV2019/52793; Funding text 1: Funding: This paper is based on research funded by the Swedish Transport Administration grant number TRV2019/52793.

Available from: 2022-10-20 Created: 2022-10-20 Last updated: 2024-02-14Bibliographically approved
Costa, N., Williamsson, J., Ekholm, J., Santén, V., Rogerson, S. & Borgh, M. (2022). Connecting vessels to shoreside electricity in Sweden. Göteborg: SSPA
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Connecting vessels to shoreside electricity in Sweden
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2022 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The purpose of the KAJ-EL project was to offer decision support to ports and shipping companies about the implementation and use of shoreside electricity in Swedish ports. More specifically, this project investigated the following, among other questions related to shore power: • the driving forces and barriers among ports and shipping companies to offer or use shore power; • the decision making, steps and actors involved in the process of adopting shore power; • the costs and business arrangements for installing and operating shore power; • the challenges in the installation and operation of shore power; • the different shore power equipment used in Swedish ports and on board vessels; • the actions and condition to realise OPS adoption to a larger extent. The project group included researchers and experts in shipping, transport, logistics, economics, and human factors from SSPA and the University of Gothenburg, and included industry partners Svensk Sjöfart (Swedish Ship Owners’ Association) and Sveriges Hamnar (Ports of Sweden). In addition, industry and authorities were involved in a reference group with representatives from shipping companies, ports and electricity providers. Interviews were performed with various ports in Sweden, a port in Norway (Kristiansand) as well as the US ports of Long Beach and Seattle to compare the perspectives. Shipping companies were interviewed, as were a number of OPS equipment manufacturers, national grid operators and electricity providers. Two workshops and a final seminar were also conducted. This report presents an overview of the OPS situation in Sweden and provides principles for business models as well as recommendations for ports’ and shipping companies’ OPS work. It can be noted that Sweden is at the European forefront of OPS in the sense that it currently has nine cities offering OPS, with main focus so far on the ro-pax and ferry segment. Actors, in particular ports, perceive that the regulatory pressure to offer OPS is increasing and the knowledge about OPS, especially among non-experienced ports, is still limited. Further guidance on OPS installations and operations is therefore needed, in terms of the financial, business, technical and operational issues that the actors must deal with. One major question is how to secure the electricity supply to the ports. Collaboration between actors is key to successful OPS implementation and a higher level of standardisation can facilitate technical choices. Several areas in need of further research are highlighted in this report, such as investigating possible future power demand scenarios from using OPS, and supply strategies for ports. The project received funding from Trafikverket (The Swedish Transport Administration).

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Göteborg: SSPA, 2022. p. 75
Series
SSPA Report No: RR41199360-01-00-A
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-71757 (URN)
Available from: 2024-02-14 Created: 2024-02-14 Last updated: 2024-09-03Bibliographically approved
Rogerson, S., Costa, N., Ekholm, J., Besker, T., Janhäll, S., Linders, T. & Anderberg, P. (2022). SeaCharging - Investigating the Need for Standardised Charging Infrastructure for Maritime Electrified Vessels.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>SeaCharging - Investigating the Need for Standardised Charging Infrastructure for Maritime Electrified Vessels
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2022 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

The transport sector, including maritime transport, is facing accelerating electrification, where it is important that charging infrastructure is developed in parallel with electrified vessels. In today's few examples, charging technology is adapted to specific vessels and conditions. The possibility of using standards and standardisation to increase the efficiency of introducing electrified vessels has been the focus of the SeaCharging project. The middle segment of ships, such as waterborne public transport, is facing a rapid increase in electrification.

The project begins with an exploratory analysis of the current situation with charging stations in Sweden. This analysis covers the obstacles, needs and opportunities in different shipping segments and geographical areas. This results in an informative review providing input to standardisation committees, but also ports and shipping companies. Dissemination of the project’s results was achieved via a workshop, a number of seminars and this final report directed at the maritime, energy, technology, and standardisation communities. Together with Lighthouse, we will in early 2023, do a broad workshop for the whole sector, presenting the final project results and putting them into a wider context.

Publisher
p. 47
Series
RISE Rapport ; 2022:149
National Category
Vehicle Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-64059 (URN)978-91-89757-39-4 (ISBN)
Note

This project is funded by Vinnova and the project group consists of the University of Gothenburg, SSPA, RISE and E-Sea. Much input has come from an expert group consisting ofimportant stakeholder groups, such as ports, authorities, technology suppliers and boat owners.The University of Gothenburg is the project coordinator. The Vinnova call funding this projectis coupled to the Council for Innovative and Climate-focused Standardization, which is initiatedby the Government and led by the National Board of Trade. The project group has presented its preliminary results to the Council in December 2022.

Available from: 2023-02-23 Created: 2023-02-23 Last updated: 2024-09-03Bibliographically approved
Zu, M., Garme, K., Rosén, A. & Costa, N. (2022). Specifying Seakeeping Criteria for Efficient Task Performance. In: : . Paper presented at Proceedings 15th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures PRADS 2022 (pp. 894).
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Specifying Seakeeping Criteria for Efficient Task Performance
2022 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Determining the operability of a vessel is a critical task for the naval architect since it provides valuable information for vessel owners and operators on the vessel’s performance. This task requires a seakeeping analysis and a set of seakeeping criteria to evaluate predicted vessel motions. These seakeeping criteria link the performance and safety of the crew and vessel to operability. Existing seakeeping criteria (e.g., NORDFORSK, NATO STANAG 4154) are specified for certain vessel types and not applicable to different tasks and operational activities aboard work vessels such as pilot boats, ocean research vessels, dredgers, pipe laying crane vessels. Being relatively small in size, these work vessels are susceptible to the perils of waves, yielding motion responses that can degrade crew performance. This paper proposes a framework for specifying seakeeping criteria for efficient task performance, focusing primarily on the effects of motions on the crew and system performance. Findings from preliminary interviews with some crew at the Swedish Maritime Administration and the Swedish Sea Rescue Society align with the literature on the effects of motions on crew performance, including motion-induced interruptions, motion-induced fatigue, motion sickness, and effects on motor skills and perception. These findings from the interviews are used in a case study to demonstrate the approach of the proposed framework. The proposed framework refines further and adds to the established structure of the traditional seakeeping assessment since it captures, in addition, the effect of motions on crew performance.

National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-71764 (URN)
Conference
Proceedings 15th International Symposium on Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures PRADS 2022
Available from: 2024-02-14 Created: 2024-02-14 Last updated: 2024-02-14Bibliographically approved
Costa, N., Vesting, F., Dahlman, J. & MacKinnon, S. N. (2019). A case study of user adherence and software project performance barriers from a sociotechnical viewpoint. Paper presented at Conference of Joint Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Human Factors in Artificial Intelligence and Social Computing, Software and Systems Engineering, The Human Side of Service Engineering and Human Factors in Energy, 2018 ; Conference Date: 21 July 2018 Through 25 July 2018;. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 787, 12-23
Open this publication in new window or tab >>A case study of user adherence and software project performance barriers from a sociotechnical viewpoint
2019 (English)In: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, ISSN 2194-5357, E-ISSN 2194-5365, Vol. 787, p. 12-23Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

A marine propeller company and a technical university collaborated to optimize the company’s existing propeller design software. This paper reviews the project based on a sociotechnical perspective to organizational change on (a) how the university-company project and user involvement were organized, and (b) what the main management barriers were and why they may have occurred. Fieldwork included interviews and observations with university and company stakeholders over thirteen months. The data was analyzed and sorted into themes describing the barriers, such as lack of a planned strategy for deliverables or resource use in the project; the users exhibited low adherence towards the optimized software, as well as there was limited time and training allocated for them to test it. Lessons learned suggest clarifying stakeholder roles and contributions, and engaging the users earlier and beyond testing the software for malfunctions to enhance knowledge mobilization, involve them in the change and increase acceptance.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Verlag, 2019
Keywords
Acceptance tests; Artificial intelligence; Human engineering; Knowledge management; Software engineering; Software testing; Systems engineering, Knowledge transfer; Organizational change; Socio-technical perspective; Sociotechnical systems; Software project; Technical universities; User involvement; User participation, Software design
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-71748 (URN)10.1007/978-3-319-94229-2_2 (DOI)2-s2.0-85049673306 (Scopus ID)
Conference
Conference of Joint Proceedings of the AHFE 2018 International Conference on Human Factors in Artificial Intelligence and Social Computing, Software and Systems Engineering, The Human Side of Service Engineering and Human Factors in Energy, 2018 ; Conference Date: 21 July 2018 Through 25 July 2018;
Available from: 2024-02-13 Created: 2024-02-13 Last updated: 2024-02-13Bibliographically approved
Costa, N., Weber, R., Olsson, F. & Algell, J. (2019). Testing Proof of Concept of a Web-Based Ship Manoeuvring Training Tool in the Classroom. In: : . Paper presented at Proceedings of Ergoship 2019.
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Testing Proof of Concept of a Web-Based Ship Manoeuvring Training Tool in the Classroom
2019 (English)Conference paper, Published paper (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

Currently, real-time ship manoeuvring simulations are confined to static environments e.g., desktop/full-mission bridge simulators. Seaman Online™ is a novel web-based ship manoeuvring training tool allowing students and professional mariners to practice manoeuvres in ports and confined waters from their personal computers. This paper describes the tool’s first-time implementation in a Master Mariner university programme. The students were asked to complete a post-questionnaire regarding their use experience and the results were discussed between the course instructors and the toolproviding organization at two debriefings. The aim was to obtain feedback about (a) the usefulness of the tool in manoeuvring training; (b) further design improvements and usability; and (c) how to best incorporate it into the programme curriculum in coming academic years for improved user experience. Results revealed usability and maturity issues and the need for further guidance on simulation-based training objectives and limitations. Overall, the tool’s usefulness and potential in individual manoeuvring training were demonstrated.

National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-71761 (URN)
Conference
Proceedings of Ergoship 2019
Available from: 2024-02-14 Created: 2024-02-14 Last updated: 2024-02-20Bibliographically approved
Costa, N., Jakobsen, J. J., Weber, .. ., Lundh, M. & MacKinnon, S. (2018). Assessing a maritime service website prototype in a ship bridge simulator: navigators’ experiences and perceptions of novel e-Navigation solutions. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA), 17(4), 521-542
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Assessing a maritime service website prototype in a ship bridge simulator: navigators’ experiences and perceptions of novel e-Navigation solutions
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2018 (English)In: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA), ISSN 1651-436X, E-ISSN 1654-1642, Vol. 17, no 4, p. 521-542Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

The aim of this study was to assess proof of concept and usability of a maritime service website prototype in a full-mission ship bridge simulator through Swedish mariners’ experiences and perceptions. This test was part of the European Commission’s EfficienSea2 project for e-navigation. The prototype was intended as an aid to existing standard systems and methodologies for planning, executing and monitoring voyages. The study began with 5 days of simulator trials focused on today’s standard practices. This served as a baseline to compare to subsequent 4 days of simulator trials testing the prototype. For data collection, observations, video footage, interviews, and eye tracking were used. Data analysis included breaking apart the qualitative data to capture the perceptions of the participants, and a preliminary analysis of eye-tracking data as a complement. The results suggested that the prototype could be more suitable for a route planning stage, that the participants were familiar with similar existing solutions from other manufacturers, and that the contents of the tool would be most beneficial if integrated within the Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). There is a pressing need for the novel solutions to be user needs-driven, integrated with the existing technologies, and standardized across the domain, and these processes must go hand-in-hand with accounting for all involved stakeholders, procedures, regulations, and training, as this will alter the course of shipping.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Verlag, 2018
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-71749 (URN)10.1007/s13437-018-0155-2 (DOI)2-s2.0-85057789193 (Scopus ID)
Available from: 2024-02-13 Created: 2024-02-13 Last updated: 2024-02-13Bibliographically approved
Costa, N. (2018). Final and Complete Report of SSPA’s Tasks in FAMOS Odin. SSPA Sweden AB
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Final and Complete Report of SSPA’s Tasks in FAMOS Odin
2018 (English)Report (Other academic)
Abstract [en]

This document reports the methods used and results obtained for the tasks established between SSPA and the FAMOS Odin project, as follows:Baseline analysis of traffic in the Baltic Sea, using collected AlS dataa.Analysis of safe Under-Keel Clearance (UKC) used in today’s trafficb.Analysis to which extent transport capacity is currently limited by UKCc.Calculation of the added fuel consumption caused by the squat effectSimulation of traffic based on improved bathymetry and UKC controla.Present energy efficient routing options with regards to distance, UKC and squatb.Calculate the benefits of optimized UKC for increased cargo capacityc.Use and test S-102 data as a basis for these analyses.This document reports as well the active partner’s budget outcomes, milestones and gains accomplished within the project timeframe.Analyses based on bathymetric and Automatic Identification System (AIS) data evidenced, for a chosen area of interest in the Baltic Sea, that tankers may be limited by UKC and as a result carry less cargo, which could amount to 1% more of the total cargo transported through the Baltic Sea, according to the model used. The results also show the linear relationship between the increase of speed and squat effect with the subsequent increase of water resistance and need of energy to propel the ship, signifying a direct increase in fuel consumption. Finally, the results emphasize certain regions of the Baltic Sea where routes could especially benefit from optimization for reduced fuel consumption, yet optimization results may depend on different route parameters prioritized by the mariner (e.g, speed vs. Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA)).Some recommendations for futures stages of this project include access to higher-fidelity depth data for Swedish waters to refine the studies described in this report, as well as the inclusion of a qualitative research component to investigate how UKC is perceived by the mariners or what reasons they may have for keeping a certain UKC or loading cargo to a certain weight.

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
SSPA Sweden AB, 2018. p. 27
Series
SSPA Report No: RE41168004-01-00-A
Keywords
sjöfart, ruttplanering
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-71765 (URN)
Available from: 2024-02-14 Created: 2024-02-14 Last updated: 2024-02-14Bibliographically approved
Man, Y., Lützhöft, M., Costa, N., Lundh, M. & Mackinnon, S. N. (2018). Gaps between users and designers: A usability study about a tablet-based application used on ship bridges. Paper presented at Conference of AHFE 2017 International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation, 2017 ; Conference Date: 17 July 2017 Through 21 July 2017;. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 597, 213-224
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Gaps between users and designers: A usability study about a tablet-based application used on ship bridges
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2018 (English)In: Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, ISSN 2194-5357, E-ISSN 2194-5365, Vol. 597, p. 213-224Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]

In recent years, Information Technology (IT) applications have been developed for the traditional shipping industry aiming at improving safety and efficiency, but the design vision is dominantly technology-centric without much attention being given to the user’s actual work experience or needs. A usability study is an approach to uncover the gap between users and designers. Although there is substantial research on usability, the values and usability of the tabletbased applications used on ship bridges have rarely been investigated. In this paper, a tablet-based computer application was developed to provide decision support to river pilots for passing under bridges in the Gothenburg area. Experienced pilots were invited to participate in a simulated navigational environment. By exploring the potential barriers in using such novel applications on a bridge, this study aims to address the human factor concerns for future IT design and developments in the maritime domain. 

Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Springer Verlag, 2018
Keywords
Accident prevention; Design; Human computer interaction; Human engineering; Ships; Usability engineering, Design and Development; Human machine interaction; Mobile applications; Novel applications; Potential barriers; Safety and efficiencies; Ship navigation; Usability, Bridges
National Category
Mechanical Engineering
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-71752 (URN)10.1007/978-3-319-60441-1_21 (DOI)2-s2.0-85022326808 (Scopus ID)
Conference
Conference of AHFE 2017 International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation, 2017 ; Conference Date: 17 July 2017 Through 21 July 2017;
Available from: 2024-02-13 Created: 2024-02-13 Last updated: 2024-02-13Bibliographically approved
Organisations
Identifiers
ORCID iD: ORCID iD iconorcid.org/0000-0003-2122-3687

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