Open this publication in new window or tab >>Show others...
2021 (English)In: Chemical Engineering Journal, ISSN 1385-8947, E-ISSN 1873-3212, Vol. 426, article id 131703Article in journal (Refereed) Published
Abstract [en]
In this study, we investigated enzymatic pre-treatment of grease trap waste (GTW) as an environmentally beneficial procedure for biodiesel production. Different enzymes, both commercial and newly designed industrial enzymes, were used to reduce the free fatty acids (FFA) level of GTW through an esterification reaction. The process conditions were optimized using response surface methodology with central composite design parameters. A set of 30 experiments, for both batch and continuous flow reactors, were designed to identify the optimal process conditions in which the highest conversion of FFA is achieved. Within the range of the selected operating conditions, the optimized values of reaction temperature, catalyst quantities, ethanol to oil molar ratio, and reaction time for the batch reactor, in which FFA level was reduced to 31.5 %, were found to be 70 °C, 4.5 wt%, 3:1, and 25 min respectively. A significant improvement in the reduction of FFA, of which FFA amount is only 9.9 %, was obtained in the flow reactor when using the commercial enzyme (T = 57 °C, catalyst loading 4.85 %, ethanol to oil ratio 2:1, t = 25 min). In addition to achieving higher conversion, the continuous-flow experiments saved time since the entire series of experiments were completed in<1.5 days, compared to the 6 days required for the equivalent batch processes. These results confirm the superiority of the continuous-flow reactors over their batch counterparts and open the door for future automation of the methods.
Place, publisher, year, edition, pages
Elsevier B.V., 2021
Keywords
Biodiesel, Continuous flow reactor, Free fatty acids, Grease trap waste, Lipase, Batch reactors, Esterification, Ethanol, Fatty acids, Lipases, Molar ratio, Waste treatment, Batch flows, Biodiesel production, Continuous flow reactors, Enzymatic pretreatment, Free fatty acid, Grease trap, High conversions, Pre-treatments, Process condition
National Category
Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology
Identifiers
urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-56667 (URN)10.1016/j.cej.2021.131703 (DOI)2-s2.0-85113605170 (Scopus ID)
Note
Funding details: University of Adelaide; Funding text 1: Dr. Nghiep Nam Tran received financial support from the Start-Up Grant of Professor Volker Hessel at The University of Adelaide. We would also like to thank Peats Soil and Garden Supply Pty. Ltd for providing the GTW samples.; Funding text 2: Dr. Nghiep Nam Tran received financial support from the Start-Up Grant of Professor Volker Hessel at The University of Adelaide. We would also like to thank Peats Soil and Garden Supply Pty. Ltd for providing the GTW samples.
2021-11-242021-11-242023-10-31Bibliographically approved